EL PRESENTE ESTUDIO TUVO COMO OBJETIVO ADAPTAR Y APORTAR EVIDENCIAS PRELIMINARES DE VALIDEZ DE LA ESCALA DE TEORÍA CULTURAL DE COSMOVISIONES AMBIENTALES EN EL CONTEXTO LATINOAMERICANO. SE ANALIZARON EVIDENCIAS DE VALIDEZ DE CONTENIDO MEDIANTE EL JUICIO DE CUATRO EXPERTOS, VALIDEZ DISCRIMINANTE Y CONVERGENTE, ESTRUCTURA INTERNA A TRAVÉS DE ANÁLISIS FACTORIAL EXPLORATORIO Y CONFIRMATORIO, Y CONSISTENCIA INTERNA A TRAVÉS DEL COEFICIENTE OMEGA. MEDIANTE UN MUESTREO NO PROBABILÍSTICO POR CONVENIENCIA, SE SELECCIONARON 500 PARTICIPANTES EN EDAD ADULTA QUE RESIDÍAN EN LA REGIÓN DEL ÑUBLE, CHILE. SE OBTUVO UNA VERSIÓN REVISADA Y ADECUADA LINGÜÍSTICAMENTE DEL INSTRUMENTO, QUE PRESENTÓ COEFICIENTES DE CONCORDANCIA DE KAPPA QUE FLUCTUARON ENTRE CONSIDERABLE Y CASI PERFECTO EN CUANTO A SU CONTENIDO. LOS ANÁLISIS ESTADÍSTICOS DAN CUENTA DE LA IDONEIDAD DEL INSTRUMENTO DE 15 ÍTEMS Y UN ANÁLISIS FACTORIAL CONFIRMATORIO QUE APOYA LA ESTRUCTURA INTERNA DE CUATRO FACTORES (INDIVIDUALISMO, IGUALITARISMO, JERARQUISMO Y FATALISMO); IGUAL QUE LA VERSIÓN ORIGINAL. LOS COEFICIENTES DE CONSISTENCIA INTERNA FUERON ACEPTABLES PARA LAS CUATRO SUBESCALAS. RESPECTO A LA VALIDEZ DISCRIMINANTE SE OBTUVIERON MEDIDAS DE VARIANZA EXTRAÍDA ADECUADAS PARA IGUALITARISMO, JERARQUISMO Y FATALISMO (SÓLO INDIVIDUALISMO PRESENTÓ VALORES LEVEMENTE BAJO LO ESPERADO), Y RESPECTO A LA VALIDEZ CONVERGENTE SE OBTUVIERON VALORES ADECUADOS EN FIABILIDAD COMPUESTA PARA LOS CUATRO FACTORES. ESTOS HALLAZGOS AVALAN EL USO DE LA VERSIÓN EN ESPAÑOL DE LA ESCALA DE TEORÍA CULTURAL DE COSMOVISIONES AMBIENTALES EN POBLACIÓN DE HABLA HISPANA, CONTRIBUYENDO A LA POTENCIAL AMPLIACIÓN DE ESTUDIOS SOCIOCULTURALES SOBRE EL MEDIOAMBIENTE EN LATINOAMÉRICA.

EL ESTUDIO EXAMINA LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS PSICOMÉTRICAS DE UNA ESCALA QUE MIDE LA PERCEPCIÓN SOBRE EL TELETRABAJO FEMENINO EN LA POBLACIÓN CHILENA EN SITUACIÓN DE CONFINAMIENTO FAMILIAR, CONSTRUIDA DURANTE LA PANDEMIA POR COVID-19. EL CUESTIONARIO EXPLORA LA INTERACCIÓN ENTRE LOS ÁMBITOS DEL TRABAJO Y LA FAMILIA, CENTRÁNDOSE ESPECÍFICAMENTE EN LA SALUD MENTAL, LAS ACTITUDES HACIA EL TELETRABAJO FEMENINO, LAS DINÁMICAS FAMILIARES RELACIONADAS CON EL TELETRABAJO FEMENINO Y LAS DINÁMICAS LABORALES EN EL CONTEXTO DEL TELETRABAJO FEMENINO DURANTE LA PANDEMIA. LOS RESULTADOS INDICAN UNA FUERTE COHERENCIA INTERNA TANTO PARA LA ESCALA GLOBAL COMO PARA SUS CUATRO DIMENSIONES DIFERENCIADAS: SALUD MENTAL, ÁMBITO LABORAL, TELETRABAJO FEMENINO Y ÁMBITO FAMILIAR. EL ANÁLISIS FACTORIAL EXPLORATORIO (AFE) REVELA ÍNDICES DE AJUSTE FAVORABLES GL = 17; P

CHILE HAS A HIGH DEGREE OF EXPOSURE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISASTER RISK SCENARIOS, AND IT IS AMONG THE TOP FIVE COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD REGARDING ACTIVE VOLCANOES. MEANWHILE, SUSTAINED POPULATION AGING IS MAKING THE OLDER POPULATION VULNERABLE TO POTENTIAL SOCIO-NATURAL DISASTERS. THIS ARTICLE, USING THESE CONCEPTS, SEEKS TO UNDERSTAND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLACE ATTACHMENT AND THE PERCEPTION OF VOLCANIC RISK AMONG THE OLDER POPULATION, FOCUSING ON OLDER ADULTS RESIDING IN THE HAZARD ZONE OF THE NEVADOS DE CHILLÁN VOLCANIC COMPLEX IN THE ÑUBLE REGION IN SOUTHERN CHILE. USING A PHENOMENOLOGICAL QUALITATIVE CASE DESIGN, 15 SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS AND A FOCUS GROUP WERE APPLIED, WITH THE ANALYSIS CARRIED OUT BASED ON GROUNDED THEORY. THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT THE OLDER POPULATION HAS A LOW PERCEPTION OF VOLCANIC RISK, ENTAILING I) THE MINIMIZATION OF THE SURROUNDING NATURAL HAZARDS, II) INFORMAL KNOWLEDGE BASED ON PREVIOUS EXPERIENCES, AND III) IGNORANCE OF THE NATURAL RISK CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES. ON THE OTHER HAND, IT IS SEEN THAT PLACE ATTACHMENT AND SOCIAL VULNERABILITY ACT NOT ONLY AS CONTEXTUAL BARRIERS TO ACCEPTING THE VOLCANIC RISK BUT ALSO LEAD TO A LACK OF ENGAGEMENT, ACQUISITION, AND DEPLOYMENT OF INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE COPING MECHANISMS. IN CONCLUSION, THE AUTHORS OUTLINE THE IMPORTANCE OF INCLUDING ?AGING IN PLACE? AND THE ACTIVE AGENCY OF THE OLDER POPULATION IN SOCIO-NATURAL DISASTER RISK PLANNING AND LOCAL MANAGEMENT PROCESSES.

PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIORS TOWARDS CLIMATE CHANGE CAN BE MEASURED AND EVALUATED IN DIFFERENT FIELDS. TYPICALLY, SURVEYS ARE THE STANDARD TOOL FOR EXTRACTING PERSONAL INFORMATION REGARDING THIS PHENOMENON. HOWEVER, STATISTICAL MODELING FOR THESE SURVEYS IS NOT STRAIGHTFORWARD, AS THE RESPONSE VARIABLE IS OFTEN NOT EXPLICIT. HENCE, WE PROPOSE A SET OF METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES TO DEAL WITH PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR DATA. FIRST, VALIDITY EVIDENCE THROUGH A FACTORIAL ANALYSIS. SECOND, INDEXES ARE CREATED FROM FACTOR SCORES, WHERE ONE OF THE LATENT FACTORS SUMMARIZES A TARGET VARIABLE. THIRD, A BETA REGRESSION IS USED TO MODEL THE INDEX OF INTEREST. FOURTH, THE INFERENTIAL PROCESS IS PERFORMED FROM A BAYESIAN PERSPECTIVE, IN WHICH POSTERIOR PROBABILITIES ARE USED TO SORT AND SELECT THE RELEVANT VARIABLES. FINALLY, SUITABLE MODELS ARE OBTAINED, AND CONCLUSIONS CAN BE DRAWN FROM THEM. AS A MOTIVATION, WE USED DATA FROM TWO CHILEAN SURVEYS TO ILLUSTRATE OUR METHODOLOGY AS WELL AS INTERPRET AND DISCUSS THE RESULTS.

EL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO Y EL AUMENTO DE LAS OLAS DE CALOR TIENEN UN IMPACTO NEGATIVO EN EL BIENESTAR SUBJETIVO DE NIÑOS Y JÓVENES. ESTE ESTUDIO EXAMINÓ LA EXPERIENCIA DE BIENESTAR EN JÓVENES CHILENOS FRENTE A LAS OLAS DE CALOR. UTILIZANDO ENTREVISTAS Y GRUPOS FOCALES, SE SELECCIONARON DIEZ PARTICIPANTES CON DIFERENTES TRAYECTORIAS EDUCATIVAS Y NIVELES DE CONTACTO CON LA NATURALEZA. LOS RESULTADOS MOSTRARON QUE PREDOMINABAN PERCEPCIONES NEGATIVAS DEL CLIMA Y EMOCIONES DISPLACENTERAS COMO PREOCUPACIÓN Y DESMOTIVACIÓN. SIN EMBARGO, SE ENCONTRÓ QUE AQUELLOS CON MAYOR CONTACTO CON LA NATURALEZA EXPERIMENTABAN UN MAYOR BIENESTAR SUBJETIVO. SE CONCLUYE QUE LAS OLAS DE CALOR ASOCIADAS AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO AFECTAN NEGATIVAMENTE LA SALUD MENTAL, PERO TAMBIÉN SE DESTACA EL PAPEL QUE DESEMPEÑAN LOS JÓVENES EN LAS ACCIONES DE MITIGACIÓN Y ADAPTACIÓN ANTE EL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO.

CHILE HAS A HIGH LEVEL OF EXPOSURE AND VULNERABILITY TO DISASTER RISK PROCESSES AND IS ALSO ONE OF THE FIVE COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF ACTIVE VOLCANOES IN THE WORLD. IN ADDITION TO THIS SCENARIO, THERE IS A SUSTAINED INCREASE IN THE AGING POPULATION, WHICH IS A HIGHLY VULNERABLE AGE GROUP IN THE FACE OF NATURAL HAZARDS. HOWEVER, PREVIOUS EXPERIENCES, LOCAL CONTEXTS AND ORGANIZATIONS CAN PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR OLDER PEOPLE TO ACQUIRE AND DEPLOY ADAPTIVE COPING SKILLS IN CRITICAL SITUATIONS. FOR THIS REASON, THE PRESENT STUDY ANALYZED THE INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE CAPACITIES OF OLDER PEOPLE EXPOSED TO VOLCANIC RISK IN A RURAL AREA OF SOUTHERN CHILE. A QUALITATIVE, PHENOMENOLOGICAL CASE DESIGN WAS USED, AND 15 ELDERLY PEOPLE WERE PURPOSIVELY SELECTED. THE COLLECTED DATA IS PRODUCED THROUGH SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS AND A FOCUS GROUP, USING THE GROUNDED THEORY CODING PROCESS AS AN ANALYSIS STRATEGY. AS A FIRST RESULT, PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE, POSITIVE AGING AND MOBILIZATION IN THE FACE OF VOLCANIC RISK ARE IDENTIFIED AS INDIVIDUAL COPING CAPACITIES. IN TERMS OF COLLECTIVE CAPACITIES, THE ROLE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL IS IDENTIFIED AS THE PRESENCE OF COMMUNITY AND INSTITUTIONAL LINKS AND ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORKS THAT FACILITATE PROCESSES OF PARTICIPATION, INVOLVEMENT, TRUST AND SOLIDARITY AT THE LOCAL LEVEL. IN CONCLUSION, THE IMPORTANCE OF INCORPORATING THE CAPACITY FOR AGENCY AND POSITIVE AGING IN LOCAL DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IS SUSTAINED, UNDERSTANDING THAT THE STRENGTHENING OF ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE MUST BE COMBINED WITH PARTICIPATION AND STRUCTURAL AND INSTITUTIONAL REDUCTION OF VULNERABILITIES.

THE AIM OF THIS WORK WAS TO PROPOSE A LATENT EQUATION MODEL THAT STRUCTURES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACADEMIC ENGAGEMENT, SCHADENFREUDE AND PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR ON THE SCHOOL CLIMATE. WE USED A CROSS-SECTIONAL DESIGN AND 437 SECONDARY STUDENTS FROM CHILE WERE RECRUITED. SCHOOL CLIMATE SCALE, ENGAGEMENT UWES-S 9, SCHOOL PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR INVENTORY AND SCHADENFREUDE SCALE WERE ADMINISTERED. FACTOR ANALYSIS, RELIABILITY TEST, CORRELATION ANALYSIS AND STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING WERE PERFORMED TO ANALYSIS DATA. AFTER FITTING TWO MODELS FOR OUR DATA AND CONTRASTING THEM WITH THEORETICAL LITERATURE, WE FOUND THAT SCHOOL CLIMATE WAS AFFECTED DIRECTLY BY SCHOOL ENGAGEMENT AND PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR. ACADEMIC ENGAGEMENT POSITIVE AFFECTS, DIRECT AND INDIRECTLY, THE SCHOOL CLIMATE. AN INCREASE IN ACADEMIC ENGAGEMENT ALSO LOWERS THE LEVELS OF SCHADENFREUDE AND CAUSES AN INCREASE IN THE LEVELS OF PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOUR. RESULTS ARE DISCUSSED AND POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS ARE HIGHLIGHTED, CONSIDERING LIMITATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS THAT MIGHT GUIDE PRACTICAL INTERVENTIONS ON SCHOOL CLIMATE.

CLIMATE CHANGE AMPLIFIES THE VULNERABILITY OF VARIOUS GROUPS, ESPECIALLY OF OLDER PEOPLE. THOUGH SEEN AS HIGHLY VULNERABLE, STUDIES REVEAL THEIR REMARKABLE RESILIENCE AND THAT THEY EXPERIENCE LESS DISTRESS THAN THE YOUNG POPULATION. COLLECTIVE MEMORY AND EXPERIENCE THUS ACT AS COPING DEVICES, FACILITATING LEARNING PROCESSES AND ADAPTATION WHEN FACED WITH NATURAL RISKS.

PARTICIPATORY METHODOLOGIES ARE INCREASINGLY USED BY RESEARCHERS AND ORGANIZATIONS LINKED TO COMMUNITY DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT. UNDER THIS CONTEXT, THE PRESENT WORK AIMED TO I) ANALYZE THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL COMPONENT OF THE SOCIO-COMMUNITY RESEARCH-INTERVENTION, AND II) EXPLORE THE APPLICABILITY OF A PROPOSAL OF EIGHT METHODOLOGICAL PARTICIPATORY LEAPS TO LOCAL RISK MANAGEMENT. AS A CONCLUSION, WE DISCUSS THE (SELF)REFLEXIVE AND METHODOLOGICAL-PROCEDURAL IMPORTANCE OFINCORPORATING PARTICIPATORY STRATEGIES IN SOCIO-COMMUNITY INVESTIGATIVE-INTERVENING PROPOSALS, AS A CONTRIBUTION TO AGENCY PROCESSES AND TO THE EMPHASIS ON TRANSDISCIPLINARY SITUATED KNOWLEDGE, BEING A POTENTIAL MOBILIZING VEHICLE FOR RISK REDUCTION DISASTER ON A LOCAL SCALE.

LA RESILIENCIA SE HA INSTALADO COMO UNA CATEGORÍA NODAL PARA EXPLICAR LA ADAPTACIÓN HUMANA AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO. EL PRESENTE TRABAJO EXPLORA LA RELACIÓN DIALÉCTICA ENTRE LA PRODUCCIÓN DE VULNERABILIDAD Y LA EMERGENCIA DE LA RESILIENCIA COMUNITARIA ANTE EVENTOS EXTREMOS, A PARTIR DEL ESTUDIO DEL CASO DE PAIPOTE, EN CHILE. A MODO DE CONCLUSIÓN, AFIRMAMOS LA IMPORTAN- CIA DE RECONOCER EL PAPEL DE LA RESILIENCIA DE LAS COMUNIDADES TERRITORIALIZADAS Y SU COMPONENTE NORMATIVO DE RESISTENCIA ANTE LA (RE)PRODUCCIÓN DE LA VULNERABILIDAD, Y SEÑALAMOS QUE SU ANÁLISIS DEBE IR ACOMPAÑADO DE LA REDUCCIÓN DE LAS INJUSTICIAS ESPACIALES Y AMBIENTALES DE LOS LUGARES DE (MULTI)RIESGO.

THE AIM OF THIS WORK WAS TO CONDUCT A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON PSYCHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR IN THE CONTEXT OF PANDEMIC SCENARIOS DURING THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY. WE FOCUSED ON EMPIRICAL WORKS AND BRIEF CASE REPORTS OF H1N1 FLU AND COVID-19. OUR REVIEW INCLUDED 32 PAPERS PUBLISHED BOTH IN ENGLISH OR SPANISH. WE BUILT A SET OF TABLES THAT ALLOWED US TO CLASSIFY THE INFORMATION IN FOUR MAIN CATEGORIES, NAMELY THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC, WHETHER PEOPLE FOLLOW OR NOT OFFICIAL MEASURES TO PROTECT THEMSELVES AGAINST THE PANDEMIC, PSYCHOLOGICAL ADHERENCE CONSIDERATIONS IMPLIED AS MEDIATORS TO RESPECT OFFICIAL STRATEGIES, AND RELEVANT METHODOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PANDEMIC RESEARCH. RESULTS SHOW THAT THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF PEOPLE, SOCIAL GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS IN SEVERAL DIMENSIONS, NAMELY EMOTION, COGNITION, BEHAVIOR, MENTAL HEALTH, ORGANIZATION AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS. IN ADDITION, WE FOUND THAT CERTAIN SOCIAL GROUPS EXPERIENCED A CRITICAL PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPACT LIKELY DUE TO THE PANDEMIC. PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING ADHERENCE WERE ALSO IDENTIFIED, WHICH ALLOW US TO BETTER UNDERSTAND HOW HEALTH STRATEGIES ARE FOLLOWED BY THE POPULATION. DIFFERENT PSYCHOSOCIAL SUGGESTIONS, WHICH EMERGED FROM THE PAPERS REVIEWED, WERE SYSTEMATIZED AND SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS POSSIBLE PANDEMIC STRATEGIES TO BE IMPLEMENTED.

EL INCREMENTO DE EVENTOS EXTREMOS A CAUSA DEL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO HA CONLLEVADO LA NECESIDAD DE FORTALECER LAS CAPACIDADES DE AFRONTAMIENTO Y EMPODERAMIENTO DE LAS COMUNIDADES EXPUESTAS-SUSCEPTIBLES A ESTOS RIESGOS. EL OBJETIVO DEL PRESENTE ESTUDIO FUE ESCLARECER LA RELACIÓN ENTRE LAS ESTRATEGIAS COLECTIVAS DE AFRONTAMIENTO ACTIVO Y EL CRECIMIENTO POSTRAUMÁTICO COMUNITARIO, CONSIDERANDO COMO POSIBLE MEDIADOR EL EMPODERAMIENTO. POR MEDIO DE UN MUESTREO INTENCIONADO NO PROBABILÍSTICO SE ENCUESTÓ A 324 HOGARES AFECTADOS POR UN DESASTRE CLIMATOLÓGICO EN COPIAPÓ, CHILE, A LOS CUALES SE MIDIÓ EN CAPACIDADES DE AFRONTAMIENTO, EMPODERAMIENTO, PERCEPCIÓN DE IMPACTO AL EVENTO Y REEVALUACIÓN DE CAMBIOS POSITIVOS. PARA EL ANÁLISIS DE DATOS, SE UTILIZÓ ESTADÍSTICAS DESCRIPTIVAS, CORRELACIÓN DE PEARSON, REGRESIÓN LINEAL MÚLTIPLE Y ANÁLISIS DE MEDIACIÓN SIMPLE. LOS RESULTADOS INDICAN QUE LAS CAPACIDADES ACTIVAS DE AFRONTAMIENTO CORRELACIONARON DIRECTAMENTE CON EL CRECIMIENTO POSTRAUMÁTICO Y QUE ESTA RELACIÓN ESTUVO MEDIADA PARCIALMENTE, DE ACUERDO CON UN MODELO DE ANÁLISIS DE RUTAS CON BOOTSTRAPPING, POR EL EMPODERAMIENTO. LA INVESTIGACIÓN CONTRIBUYE A LA PROFUNDIZACIÓN DE LAS CAPACIDADES ADAPTATIVAS DE AFRONTAMIENTO, SUGIRIENDO QUE ESTOS EVENTOS PUEDEN CONLLEVAR OPORTUNIDADES DE DESARROLLO Y BIENESTAR BAJO CONTEXTOS EMPODERADORES. TAMBIÉN PROPONE LA NECESIDAD DE OPERACIONALIZAR Y COMPLEJIZAR LOS MODELOS EXISTENTES DE RESILIENCIA COMUNITARIA ANTE DESASTRES SOCIONATURALES.

EL INCREMENTO DE EVENTOS EXTREMOS ?A CAUSA DEL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO? CONLLEVA NO SOLO A LA NECESIDAD LOCAL DE FORTALECER LAS CAPACIDADES DE AFRONTAMIENTO Y DE RESILIENCIA A NIVEL COMUNITARIO, SINO TAMBIÉN, AL REPLANTEO SOBRE LA IDONEIDAD DE LOS PLANES FORMATIVOS UNIVERSITARIOS EN EL DESARROLLO DE PROFESIONALES COMPETENTES ANTE ESTOS NUEVOS RIESGOS EMERGENTES. BAJO ESTE CONTEXTO, EL PRESENTE TRABAJO TUVO COMO OBJETIVO VALORAR LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN PROCESO DE DIAGNÓSTICO DE NECESIDADES COMUNITARIAS ANTE UN DESASTRE CLIMÁTICO, ESTO MEDIANTE LA APLICACIÓN METODOLÓGICA DE LA ESTRATEGIA DE APRENDIZAJE-SERVICIO (APS) EN UN CURSO DE ESTUDIANTES DE PSICOLOGÍA EN CHILE. PARA ESTO SELECCIONAMOS UN ESTUDIO DE CASO REPRESENTATIVO DE GESTIÓN COMUNITARIA ANTE UN DESASTRE CLIMÁTICO EN EL NORTE DE CHILE, ESTO BAJO UN DISEÑO DE INVESTIGACIÓN ACCIÓN-PARTICIPATIVA (IAP). LOS DATOS SON PRODUCIDOS MEDIANTE LA TRIANGULACIÓN INTERMÉTODO DE SEIS TÉCNICAS, ESQUEMATIZANDO LOS RESULTADOS DEL PROCESO DE APRENDIZAJE EN CUATRO ÁREAS: I) TEÓRICO-CONCEPTUAL, II) METODOLÓGICA, III) PRÁCTICA Y IV) ÉTICO-POLÍTICA. LOS RESULTADOS RELEVAN EL USO DE APS EN EL PROCESO DE ENSEÑANZA-APRENDIZAJE DEL DIAGNÓSTICO COMUNITARIO, IDENTIFICANDO TANTO VENTAJAS COMO LIMITACIONES EN EL DESARROLLO DE COMPETENCIAS DISCIPLINARES, TRANSVERSALES PROFESIONALES Y DEL SERVICIO ENTREGADO. SE CONCLUYE CON LA IMPORTANCIA DE INTEGRAR ESTRATEGIAS HORIZONTALES, PARTICIPATIVAS Y SITUADAS EN LOS PROCESOS DE ENSEÑANZA PROFESIONAL, ESTO ACORDE AL TIPO DE FORMACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA INTEGRAL QUE REQUIERE LA PROBLEMÁTICA PSICOSOCIAL COMPLEJA DEL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO.

IN CHILE, A VAST AND PERSISTENT GENDER GAP IN MATH PERFORMANCE AT UNIVERSITY ADMISSION HAS NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES FOR WOMEN?S OPPORTUNITIES. INTERNATIONAL EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT THESE GENDER DIFFERENCES REFLECT GENDER INEQUITIES IN EDUCATIONAL AND ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABLE IN A GIVEN CULTURE. A THEORETICAL MODEL SUGGESTS THAT SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS SUCH AS GENDER STEREOTYPE AND MATH ANXIETY HAVE AN IMPACT ON WOMEN?S MATH ABILITIES BY AFFECTING THEIR SKILLS FOR COGNITIVE REFLECTION. THIS CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY COLLECTED DATA FROM 259 UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TO GATHER PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE ON THE CLOSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER GAPS IN MATH ACHIEVEMENT AND GENDER GAPS IN COGNITIVE REFLECTION. A MEDIATION ANALYSIS SHOWS THAT THE LEVEL OF COGNITIVE REFLECTION OF STUDENTS FULLY MEDIATES THE EFFECT OF GENDER ON MATH ACHIEVEMENT, EVEN AFTER CONTROLLING FOR PARTICIPANTS? LINGUISTIC ABILITIES. THESE FINDINGS SUPPORT THE POSSIBILITY THAT THERE IS A CLOSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER DIFFERENCES IN COGNITIVE REFLECTION AND GENDER GAPS IN MATH ACHIEVEMENT AT UNIVERSITY ADMISSION IN CHILE. THE DISCUSSION EMPHASIZES THAT THE UNIVERSITY ADMISSION?S DATA IS UNDER THE CONTROL OF STATE AGENCIES WITH STRICT PROTOCOLS OF INFORMATION ACCESS THAT UNDERMINES THE FEASIBILITY OF RESEARCHING THIS AREA. ASSESSMENTS OF COGNITIVE REFLECTION ARE EASY TO ADMINISTER IN ONLY A FEW MINUTES AND UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS. HENCE, ONE WAY TO BOOST THE VIABILITY OF RESEARCH AND DIAGNOSIS OF GENDER GAPS IN CHILE IS TO USE COGNITIVE REFLECTION ASSESSMENTS AS PROXIMAL ESTIMATES FOR GENDER GAPS IN MATH PERFORMANCE AT UNIVERSITY ADMISSION.

THE INCREASE IN POPULATION AGING CONFIGURES NEW SCENARIOS OF RISK AND VULNERABILITY IN THE FACE OF THE INTENSIFICATION OF SOCIO-NATURAL DISASTERS AS A RESULT OF CLIMATE CHANGE, FOR WHICH ENVIRONMENTAL GERONTOLOGY PLAYS A FUNDAMENTAL ROLE IN THE GENERATION OF NEW AND GREATER KNOWLEDGE OF THE COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTS OF AGING. FROM THIS SUBDISCIPLINE, GREATER IMPORTANCE HAS BEEN GIVEN TO THE RECOGNITION OF THE CAPACITIES TO PREVENT, RESPOND AND THEN RECOVER FROM SOCIO-NATURAL DISASTERS OF OLDER PEOPLE, WITH SOCIAL SUPPORT BEING ONE OF THE FACTORS THAT DRAWS ATTENTION DUE TO ITS LOW ACADEMIC CONSENSUS IN STUDIES, BOTH CONCEPTUAL AND INTERVENTIONAL. THEREFORE, THIS LITERATURE REVIEW SEEKS TO IDENTIFY THE ROLE PLAYED BY SOCIAL SUPPORT AS A COPING STRATEGY FOR OLDER PEOPLE IN THE FACE OF CLIMATE CHANGE. AMONG THE RESULTS, THE CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES OF SOCIAL SUPPORT WERE IDENTIFIED FROM SOCIAL CAPITAL, SOCIAL CONTACT, SOCIAL CONTACTS, SUPPORT AND UNION NETWORKS, IN ADDITION, IT WAS POSSIBLE TO IDENTIFY THE DESIRED CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL SUPPORT FOR OLDER PEOPLE AT THE (I) INSTRUMENTAL, (II) INFORMATIVE, (III) CULTURAL/PERSONAL AND (IV) EMOTIONAL, AND, FINALLY, THE EXISTING VARIABLES WERE RECOGNIZED ACCORDING TO THE LITERATURE IN RISK MANAGEMENT CYCLES ACCORDING TO THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF SUPPORT SOCIAL. FINALLY, THE IMPORTANCE OF BECOMING AWARE OF THE PHENOMENON OF AGING AND BUILDING FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENTS THAT STRENGTHEN AFFECTIVE TIES WITH THE COMMUNITY IS EMPHASIZED, EMPHASIZING THE VALUE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT IN IMPROVING SOCIAL COHESION, TRUST AND STRATEGIES OF COMMUNICATION COPING WITHIN COMMUNITIES, HIGHLIGHTING THE IMPORTANCE OF EMPOWERMENT AND AGENCY CAPACITY OF OLDER PEOPLE IN THE FACE OF SOCIO NATURAL DISASTERS.

EL PROPÓSITO DEL ARTÍCULO ES COMPRENDER LAS METÁFORAS QUE PRODUCEN PSICÓLOGOS PARA ORGANIZAR Y DAR SENTIDO A LA LABOR QUE DESEMPEÑAN EN ESCUELAS CHILENAS. CONSIDERANDO QUE LA METÁFORA, MÁS QUE UN EMBELLECIMIENTO RETÓRICO, ES UNA FIGURA LINGÜÍSTICA QUE AFECTA EL MODO EN QUE PERCIBIMOS, PENSAMOS Y ACTUAMOS EN LA REALIDAD SOCIAL, EN ESTA INVESTIGACIÓN, POSICIONADA DESDE LOS ESTUDIOS CRÍTICOS DE DISCURSO, EXAMINAMOS SU POTENCIAL IDEOLÓGICO PARA CONSTRUIR Y PERPETUAR PARTICULARES VISIONES DE MUNDO. PARA ELLO, SE ENTREVISTÓ A SIETE PSICÓLOGOS QUE TRABAJAN EN ESCUELAS CLASIFICADAS COMO ?EMERGENTES? EN EL CONTEXTO DE LA LEY DE SUBVENCIÓN ESCOLAR PREFERENCIAL Y ANALIZAMOS DISCURSIVAMENTE LA INFORMACIÓN PRODUCIDA CON ÉNFASIS EN LOS MOVIMIENTOS RETÓRICOS QUE DEVELABAN METÁFORAS. PESQUISAMOS DOS MARCOS QUE REÚNEN METÁFORAS QUE EXPLICAN LA LABOR QUE REALIZAN LOS PSICÓLOGOS EN LAS ESCUELAS: MARCO-HIGIENISTA Y MARCO- SALVACIÓN. CADA UNO PROMUEVE PARTICULARES CONCEPCIONES DE EDUCACIÓN, FUNCIONES DE LA ESCUELA, PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS ACTORES Y LABOR DEL PSICÓLOGO. CONFLICTIVAMENTE INTERCONECTADOS EN TORNO A UNA METÁFORA ESTRUCTURAL QUE CONCIBE LA EDUCACIÓN COMO MERCANCÍA Y LA ESCUELA COMO EMPRESA, ESTOS MARCOS SON DISCUTIDOS DESDE LAS INTERCONEXIONES ENTRE PSICOLOGÍA Y EDUCACIÓN EN UN CONTEXTO DE NEOLIBERALIZACIÓN EDUCATIVA Y DESDE LA NECESIDAD DE CONSTRUIR MARCOS ALTERNATIVOS A LA HEGEMONÍA DE MERCADO.