THE STUDY ESTABLISHES A TYPOLOGY OF URBAN-RURAL CONFIGURATION THAT ALLOWS FOR THE DIFFERENTIATED SPATIAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE COMMUNES OF ITATA PROVINCE, ONE OF THE THREE PROVINCES IN THE RECENTLY CREATED ÑUBLE REGION, A RURAL TERRITORY PAR EXCELLENCE. FOR THIS PURPOSE, THE COMMUNAL TYPOLOGY DESCRIBED IN THE NATIONAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY IS USED, BASED ON OECD CRITERIA AND THE CHARACTERIZATION OF URBAN ENTITIES, INCORPORATING A SERIES OF INDICATORS OF VARIABLE WEIGHT IN THE TERRITORIAL DESCRIPTION. THE OBTAINED INFORMATION FACILITATES THE DESIGN OF DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES BY SHOWING, FROM THE CURRENT CONCEPTIONS OF RURALITY, HETEROGENEOUS SPACES WHERE AGGLOMERATION AND DENSITY DO NOT DEFINE A SENSE OF APPROPRIATION AND FUNCTIONALITY IN AN AREA WITH HIGH LEVELS OF POVERTY AND GROWING POPULATION LOSS.

TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN DEVELOPMENT, BEING A STRATEGIC AXIS SUPPORTING COMPETITIVENESS AND LABOR INSERTION OF YOUNG PEOPLE. IN CHILE, THE DISCUSSION ON CHALLENGES AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE SECONDARY TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM (STVE) HAVE BEEN LITTLE VISIBLE DESPITE THE SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF STUDENTS ENROLLED IN THIS TYPE OF EDUCATION. THIS STUDY EXPLORES STUDENTS AND TEACHER REQUIREMENTS AND LABOR MARKET DEMAND FOR NEW COMPETENCIES GENERATION IN THE PRODUCTIVE SECTOR, SERVICES AND RURAL EXTENSION. USING THE METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH OF PROSPECTIVE, WE IDENTIFY KEY VARIABLES FOR FUTURE TRENDS IN EDUCATIONAL FORMATION. THE MAIN RESULTS SUGGEST A GREATER TRAINING OF STUDENTS IN THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND STRONGER SOFT SKILL DEVELOPMENT FOR BETTER JOB INSERTION.

ESTE ARTÍCULO EXAMINA LA INCORPORACIÓN DE LA MUJER RURAL AL MERCADO LABORAL Y SUS EFECTOS POR UN LADO EN LAS ESTRUCTURAS Y DINÁMICAS FAMILIARES Y, POR OTRO, EN EL MUNDO DE LAS SIGNIFICACIONES QUE MUJERES RURALES CONSTRUYEN EN TORNO AL TRABAJO, A LOS PATRONES DE ORGANIZACIÓN FAMILIAR Y A LA COMPATIBILIZACIÓN TRABAJO/FAMILIA. EL ANÁLISIS COMBINA UNA PERSPECTIVA ESTRUCTURAL, A TRAVÉS DE DATOS CUANTITATIVOS OBTENIDOS DE ESTADÍSTICAS OFICIALES Y UNA ENCUESTA A UNA MUESTRA DE MUJERES RURALES; Y UNA PERSPECTIVA CUALITATIVA, CENTRADA EN LOS SIGNIFICADOS CONSTRUIDOS POR ELLAS, INFORMACIÓN OBTENIDA A TRAVÉS DE GRUPOS DE DISCUSIÓN Y ENTREVISTAS. NUESTRA HIPÓTESIS POSTULA QUE LA CRECIENTE INCORPORACIÓN DE LA MUJER RURAL AL MUNDO DEL TRABAJO INSTALA NUEVAS PERCEPCIONES SOBRE LOS ROLES DE GÉNERO AL INTERIOR DE LA FAMILIA Y EN LA SOCIEDAD Y NUEVAS CONCEPCIONES DE LO FEMENINO, CONSTITUYENDO ASÍ UN FACTOR CENTRAL EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE """"""""""""""""NUEVOS"""""""""""""""" MODELOS FAMILIARES RURALES Y EN LA NEGOCIACIÓN DE ARREGLOS FAMILIARES MÁS IGUALITARIOS.

A CONSENSUS ON THE NEED FOR PARTICIPATION BY ALL STAKEHOLDERS IN PROCESSES AFFECTING THEM, INCLUDING SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT, HAS BEEN GROWING IN CHILE SINCE DEMOCRACY WAS REASSUMED. HOWEVER, THIS CONSENSUS MAY BE LIMITED BY AN INSTRUMENTALIST CONCEPTION OF PARTICIPATION, BY INADEQUATE METHODOLOGIES OR BECAUSE THE STAKEHOLDERS THEMSELVES RESIST JOINING IN PARTICIPATORY PROCESSES. THIS ARTICLE EMPLOYS A CASE STUDY OF SMALL FARMERS IN CENTRAL CHILE TO CHARACTERISE PARTICIPATION IN RURAL LIVELIHOODS AND IDENTIFIES FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LOCAL PARTICIPATION. WE DISCUSS PARTICIPATION OF LESS-FAVOURED STAKEHOLDERS IN PRODUCTION AND SOCIAL ORGANISATIONS, AS AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO BUILD UP MORE SUSTAINABLE RURAL AREAS, BY STRENGTHENING INNOVATION IN PRODUCTION, SOCIAL CAPITAL AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FACTORS LINKED TO FARM MANAGEMENT ARE SIGNIFICANT FOR THEIR PARTICIPATION. PUBLIC AND MUNICIPAL INSTITUTIONAL INITIATIVES DIRECTED AT PROMOTING PARTNERSHIP ALSO TAKE ON A DECISIVE ROLE IN REINFORCING EFFECTIVE PARTICIPATION, SUPPORTING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF RURAL AREAS.

DESPITE THE INCREASING INCORPORATION OF WOMEN INTO THE LABOUR MARKET, CHILE RECORDS A LOW RATE OF FEMALE PARTICIPATION COMPARED WITH LATIN AMERICAN AND OECD COUNTRIES. BASED ON THE PREMISE THAT ATTITUDES INFLUENCE THE DECISION OF WORKING, THE ARTICLE ANALYZES THE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FAVORABLE OR UNFAVORABLE ATTITUDES TOWARDS WOMEN'S WORK IN THE FIELD WHICH, ACCORDING TO A SURVEY ADMINISTERED TO RURAL WOMEN FROM THE NUBLE PROVINCE IN CENTRAL CHILE, IS GROWING STEADILY THE RESULTS HIGHLIGHT THAT SUCH ATTITUDES ARE RELATED TO WOMEN'S LABOUR PRACTICES IN AN ATTITUDINAL PROFILE THAT VISUALIZES WORK AS A SOURCE OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL VALUE, AND NOT JUST AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR PROVIDING INCOME. AGE, URBAN CONNECTION, POLITICAL IDEAS AND, PARTICULARLY EDUCATION, SUPPORT POSITIVE ATTITUDES TOWARD THE INCORPORATION OF WOMEN INTO THE LABOUR MARKET.

CON BASE EN LA INFORMACIÓN PROPORCIONADA POR LA ENCUESTA DE CARACTERIZACIÓN SOCIOECONÓMICA NACIONAL DE LOS AÑOS 1990 Y 2013, SE ANALIZAN LA RECONFIGURACIONES DEL ESPACIO RURAL CHILENO, EN CUANTO A SUS TENDENCIAS DEMOGRÁFICAS Y REESTRUCTURACIONES DEL MERCADO LABORAL. SE CONSTATA A NIVEL DEMOGRÁFICO, UN CONTINUO PROCESO DE DESPOBLAMIENTO Y ENVEJECIMIENTO DE LA POBLACIÓN RURAL. LAS ACTIVIDADES AGROPECUARIAS DEL MERCADO LABORAL RURAL COBRAN MENOR RELEVANCIA EN TÉRMINOS DE EMPLEOS E INGRESOS, OBSERVÁNDOSE UN FUERTE PROCESO DE DESAGRARIZACIÓN Y FAVORECIÉNDOSE EL POSICIONAMIENTO DEL ÁREA DE LOS SERVICIOS. FINALMENTE SE OBSERVA UN CRECIENTE NÚMERO DE HOGARES QUE MANTIENEN UNIONES CONSENSUALES DE CARÁCTER INFORMAL, ASÍ COMO UNA MAYOR PRESENCIA DE HOGARES MONOPARENTALES, CONSTITUIDOS PRINCIPALMENTE POR JEFATURAS FEMENINAS