Repositorio Ciencia Abierta Universidad del Bío-Bío

THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO DETERMINE AND COMPARE THE LEVELS OF PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY OF FUTURE TEACHERS FROM THREE CHILEAN UNIVERSITIES, ACCORDING TO THEIR ACADEMIC PROGRESSION, AND TO CHARACTERISE THEIR PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY BASED ON THEIR SUBJECTIVE THEORIES. A MIXED SEQUENTIAL STUDY WAS CARRIED OUT, IN WHICH 662 FUTURE TEACHERS FROM THREE CHILEAN UNIVERSITIES TOOK PART. A SCALE OF TEACHER PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY AND EPISODIC INTERVIEWS WERE APPLIED. THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS WAS CARRIED OUT WITH SPEARMAN?S CORRELATION AND THE KRUSKALL WALLIS TEST TO COMPARE THE PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY ACCORDING TO THE LEVEL OF THE FUTURE TEACHERS. FOR THE QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS, GROUNDED THEORY WAS APPLIED. SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE FOUND IN THE LEVELS OF PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY WHEN COMPARING THE FIRST, THIRD, FOURTH AND FIFTH YEARS, AND SUBJECTIVE THEORIES THAT EXPLAIN THESE DIFFERENCES. A COMPREHENSIVE MODEL WAS DEVELOPED, WHERE THE COMPLEXITY OF SUBJECTIVE THEORIES AND PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED IN PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE EXPLAIN THE DECLINE IN PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY IN RECENT YEARS. IN THE DISCUSSION, THE RESULTS ARE ANALYZED FROM THE LITERATURE AND IT IS RECOMMENDED TO APPROACH THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHER IDENTITY SYSTEMATICALLY AND IN A PLANNED MANNER DURING INITIAL TRAINING.

THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO EVALUATE THE PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES AND FACTORIAL INVARIANCE OF THE CLIMATE CHANGE ATTITUDE SCALE (CCAS). BASED ON PLANNED BEHAVIOR THEORY, THE SCALE MEASURES BOTH BELIEFS AND BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS TOWARDS CLIMATE CHANGE. THE ORIGINAL INSTRUMENT CONSISTS OF 15 ITEMS, USING A FIVE-POINT LIKERT RESPONSE FORMAT. IT WAS APPLIED TO A NON PROBABILISTIC SAMPLE OF 800 CHILEAN PARTICIPANTS. AFTER TRANSLATION AND REVIEW, THE SCALE DEMONSTRATED ADEQUATE CONTENT VALIDITY. A CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS (CFA) VALIDATED THE INSTRUMENT

MICROWAVE PRETREATMENT (MWP) HAS EMERGED AS A PROMISING STRATEGY TO ENHANCE THE PYROLYSIS OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS DUE TO ITS RAPID, VOLUMETRIC, AND SELECTIVE HEATING. BY DISRUPTING THE RECALCITRANT STRUCTURE OF CELLULOSE, HEMICELLULOSE, AND LIGNIN, MWP IMPROVES BIOMASS DECONSTRUCTION, INCREASES CARBOHYDRATE ACCESSIBILITY, AND ENHANCES YIELDS OF BIO-OIL, SYNGAS, AND BIOCHAR. WHEN COMBINED WITH COMPLEMENTARY PRETREATMENTS?SUCH AS ALKALI, ACID, HYDROTHERMAL, ULTRASONIC, OR IONIC-LIQUID METHODS?MWP FURTHER REDUCES ACTIVATION ENERGIES, FACILITATING MORE EFFICIENT SACCHARIFICATION AND THERMAL CONVERSION. THIS REVIEW SYSTEMATICALLY EVALUATES SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS IN THIS FIELD THROUGH BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS, MAPPING RESEARCH TRENDS, EVOLUTION, AND COLLABORATIVE NETWORKS. KEY RESEARCH QUESTIONS ARE ADDRESSED REGARDING THE TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES OF MWP, THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS INDUCED IN BIOMASS, AND ASSOCIATED ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS. FINDINGS INDICATE THAT MICROWAVE IRRADIATION PROMOTES HEMICELLULOSE DEPOLYMERIZATION, REDUCES CELLULOSE CRYSTALLINITY, AND WEAKENS LIGNIN?CARBOHYDRATE LINKAGES, WHICH FACILITATES SUBSEQUENT THERMAL DECOMPOSITION AND CONTRIBUTES TO IMPROVED PYROLYSIS EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCT QUALITY. FROM AN ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE, MWP CONTRIBUTES TO ENERGY SAVINGS, MITIGATES GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, AND SUPPORTS THE INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY IN BIOMASS CONVERSION.

THE GLOBAL RISE IN THE ELDERLY POPULATION INHERENTLY ESCALATES THE DEMAND FOR HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE. ENSURING COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE FOR HEALTHY BRAIN AGING PRESENTS SIGNIFICANT CHALLENGES FOR RESEARCHERS AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS PROMOTING SELF-CARE BEHAVIORS. THIS ARTICLE AIMS TO PROVIDE A COMPREHENSIVE AND CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LATEST RESEARCH ON HEALTHY BRAIN AGING BY EMPLOYING A BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL FRAMEWORK. IT INTEGRATES BIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS TO ELUCIDATE THEIR COLLECTIVE INFLUENCE ON COGNITIVE HEALTH IN OLDER ADULTS. METHODOLOGICALLY, THIS ARTICLE PROVIDES A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF THE EXISTING LITERATURE. A DIVERSE ARRAY OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC RESOURCES WAS OBTAINED FROM PROMINENT ELECTRONIC DATABASES, INCLUDING MEDLINE, PUBMED, SCOPUS AND WEB OF SCIENCE, TO ENSURE BROAD COVERAGE OF THE TOPIC. THE SEARCH WAS DESIGNED TO CAPTURE RELEVANT STUDIES PUBLISHED BETWEEN 2010 AND 2025, USING KEY TERMS SUCH AS ?AGING?, ?BIOMARKER?, ?NEURODEGENERATION?, AND ?COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE?. FOLLOWING A RIGOROUS SELECTION PROCESS, TWO FIELD SPECIALISTS EVALUATED A TOTAL OF 106 FULL-TEXT ARTICLES TO IDENTIFY THOSE THAT MET THE ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, ULTIMATELY YIELDING 70 RELEVANT STUDIES. THE FINDINGS REVEAL IMPORTANT CONNECTIONS BETWEEN PSYCHOSOCIAL AND BIOLOGICAL BIOMARKERS AND BRAIN MORPHOLOGY, HIGHLIGHTING LIFESTYLE FACTORS?SUCH AS DIET, EXERCISE, AND SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT?AS CRUCIAL FOR COGNITIVE HEALTH. THE ARTICLE ALSO UNDERSCORES SPECIFIC BIOMARKERS RELEVANT FOR ASSESSING BRAIN AGE AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS. NOTABLY, WHILE BIOLOGICAL MARKERS LIKE A?, TAU, AND ?-SYNUCLEIN (PROTEINS THAT DEFINE THE CORE MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY OF COMMON NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES) ARE PRESENT, THEY DO NOT GUARANTEE THE ONSET OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS PLAY AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN DETERMINING DISEASE MANIFESTATION.