Repositorio Ciencia Abierta Universidad del Bío-Bío

THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF LINGUISTIC RIGHTS (UDLL), ADOPTED IN 1998, PREDICTS THAT DURING THE 21ST CENTURY 80 % OF THE WORLDS LANGUAGES MAY DISAPPEAR, WHICH WOULD HAVE A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE CULTURAL RICHNESS REPRESENTED BY LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY AND MULTILINGUALISM. THE INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES OF OUR COUNTRY, THE MAPUCHE LANGUAGE PARTICULARLY, IS NOT FREE FROM THIS SITUATION. VERGARA AND OTHERS (2013) INDICATE THAT THE MAPUCHE LANGUAGE IS REGRESSING, BEING PROGRESSIVELY REPLACED BY SPANISH, WHICH THREATENS TO TURN THIS ORIGINAL PEOPLE INTO A MONOLINGUAL COMMUNITY IN THE LONG TERM. CONSIDERING THIS ENDANGERED SITUATION, THE PRESENT STUDY AIMS TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE DISCUSSION REGARDING THE VITALITY OF INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES, PARTICULARLY CHEDUNGUN, CONTEMPLATING THE INDIGENOUS WORLD VIEW THROUGH A COMMUNITY-BASED METHODOLOGY, WHICH MEANS PEWENCHE CENTERED PERSPECTIVES AND THE INDIGENOUS CULTURE (WERITO, 2020; REYHNER AND LEE, 2020). BASED ON THIS METHODOLOGY, THE LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE OF THE CHEDUNGUN OF 95 % OF THE ADOLESCENTS OF LICEO DE RALCO WAS EVALUATED, THAT IS, 114 PEWENCHE STUDENTS. THE RESULTS OF THIS EVALUATION NOT ONLY SUGGEST THAT IT IS NECESSARY TO ANALYZE WHAT IS UNDERSTOOD BY A COMPETENT SPEAKER OF CHEDUNGUN FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURE, BUT ALSO THAT 45.5 % OF THESE YOUNG PEOPLE MAINTAIN A HIGH DEGREE OF VITALITY OF THEIR INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE.

THIS PAPER PRESENTS METHODS FOR FEM MODELLING THE PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS WITH CONSIDERATIONS FOR MESHING AND COMPUTATIONAL CONSTRAINTS. FEM MODELS IN THIS CONTEXT ARE CONVENIENT FOR TESTING HYPOTHESISES ABOUT THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT STIMULATION PARAMETERS AND EXPLORING DIFFERENT ELECTRODE DESIGNS BEFORE MOVING TO IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EXPERIMENTS. THE METHODS PRESENTED IN THIS PAPER ARE MOTIVATED BY ASSESSING DIFFERENTIATION ERRORS FROM DIFFERENT MESH SIZES AND THE TRANSITIONS BETWEEN DIFFERENT MATERIALS IN THE MODEL.WE AIM TO SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPARENT AND REPRODUCIBLE MODELLING EXPERIMENTS. ACCURATE AND REPRODUCIBLE MODELS ARE ESSENTIAL, GIVEN THE IMPORTANCE OF THE APPLICATIONS IN WHICH THESE MODELS ARE USED. HOWEVER, A DEARTH OF LITERATURE IS DEVOTED TO PROMOTING BEST PRACTICES IN FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING FOR BIOPHYSICAL MODELS. WE EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENTIATION ERRORS ON CALCULATING THE ACTIVATING FUNCTION AND PREDICTING ACTION POTENTIALS IN A HODGKIN-HUXLEY (H-H) AXON MODEL. WE FOUND THAT POOR SPATIAL DISCRETISATION FACILITATES THE GENERATION OF DOUBLE-DERIVATIVE NOISE. HOWEVER, IT DOES NOT GENERATE FALSE PREDICTIONS OF ACTION POTENTIALS ON THE H-H MODEL. ACTIVATION THRESHOLDS WERE HIGHER (57.5 MA) FOR COARSER MESHES THAN FINE AND EXTREMELY FINE (55 MA). IMPLEMENTING MULTISCALE MESHES WITH THE FINEST REFINED SIZES REDUCED MATERIAL TRANSITION DISCONTINUITIES REFLECTED IN THE ACTIVATING FUNCTION CALCULATION. OUR FINDINGS SUPPORT USING THE FINEST SPATIAL DISCRETISATIONS POSSIBLE WITHIN COMPUTATIONAL CONSTRAINTS, WHICH MAY RELY ON ADAPTIVE MESHING TECHNIQUES. WE ADVOCATE COUPLING THE EXTRACELLULAR FIELD TO H-H-BASED AXONS TO FURTHER LIMIT POTENTIAL ERROR SOURCES.

OBJECTIVE: TO ASSESS NURSING STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS OF AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED CHATBOT AS A PREPARATION TOOL FOR HIGH-FIDELITY CLINICAL SIMULATIONS COMPARED TO TRADITIONAL LECTURES. METHODS: A CROSSOVER STUDY WAS CONDUCTED WITH 40 THIRD-YEAR NURSING STUDENTS. TWO PREPARATION STRATEGIES WERE IMPLEMENTED: A CHATBOT FOR THE FIRST SIMULATION AND TRADITIONAL READING FOR THE SECOND. STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS WERE THEN ASSESSED USING A VALIDATED QUESTIONNAIRE. RESULTS: STUDENTS PERCEIVED THE CHAT-BOT A S A MORE INTERACTIVE AND EFFICIENT TIME MANAGEMENT TOOL COMPARED TO TRADITION-AL LECTURES. ADDITIONALLY, THEY HIGHLIGHTED ITS USEFULNESS IN ORGANIZING INFORMATION AND ENHANCING THEIR THEORETICAL PREPARATION FOR CLINICAL SIMULATIONS. CONCLUSIONS: THE CHATBOT WAS PERCEIVED AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR CLINICAL SIMULATION PREPARATION, FACILITATING STUDY ORGANIZATION AND IMPROVING THE UNDERSTANDING OF KEY CONCEPTS.

THIS ARTICLE INTRODUCES THE DEVELOPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF A LEARNER CORPUS?CHILEAN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION CORPUS (CELTEC) COMPRISING 404 TEXTS WRITTEN BY ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (EFL) PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS ENROLLED AT NINE UNIVERSITIES IN CHILE. THE STUDY OUTLINES THE METHODOLOGY FOR CREATING THIS PSEUDO-LONGITUDINAL CORPUS, FACILITATING REPLICATION. IT INCLUDES THREE COHORTS REPRESENTING YEARS 3, 4, AND 5 OF A FIVE-YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME. ADDITIONALLY, THE STUDY EXAMINES THE LEXICAL COMPLEXITY OF THE CORPUS TEXTS, FOCUSING ON CONSTRUCTS SUCH AS LEXICAL DENSITY, DIVERSITY, AND SOPHISTICATION. DATA WERE COLLECTED USING THE CORPUS QUERY LANGUAGE (CQL) IN SKETCH ENGINE AND ANALYSED WITH FREELY AVAILABLE TOOLS, TAALES 2.2 AND TAALED 1.4, TO CALCULATE INDICES OF LEXICAL COMPLEXITY WITHIN A MULTIDIMENSIONAL FRAMEWORK. THE RESULTS REVEAL A SLIGHT DEVELOPMENTAL TREND IN LEXICAL COMPLEXITY ACROSS THE CELTEC COHORTS. LEXICAL DENSITY IS MODERATE, AVERAGING BETWEEN 40-49%, YET INCREASES INCREMENTALLY WITH EACH ACADEMIC YEAR. LEXICAL DIVERSITY ALSO SHOWS IMPROVEMENT ACROSS COHORTS; HOWEVER, THIS GROWTH DOES NOT CONSISTENTLY CORRESPOND TO HIGHER LEXICAL SOPHISTICATION IN THE TEXTS. THESE FINDINGS HAVE IMPLICATIONS FOR ENGLISH FOR GENERAL ACADEMIC PURPOSES (EGAP) PEDAGOGY, BOTH WITHIN THE STUDY?S CONTEXT AND IN BROADER EDUCATIONAL SETTINGS. SPECIFICALLY, THEY UNDERSCORE THE CRITICAL NEED FOR MORE EXPLICIT INSTRUCTION IN ADVANCED ACADEMIC VOCABULARY TO ADDRESS LEARNERS? SPECIFIC NEEDS EFFECTIVELY.