EL PRESENTE ARTÍCULO MUESTRA RESULTADOS ACERCA DE LA DETERMINACIÓN DE LA ENERGÍA CONTENIDA Y LA HUELLA DE CARBONO ASOCIADAS AL PROCESO DE FABRICACIÓN DE HORMIGONES, EN UNA PLANTA PREMEZCLADORA EN LA REGIÓN DEL BIOBÍO, CHILE, A TRAVÉS DE UN ANÁLISIS DE CICLO DE VIDA SIMPLIFICADO. EL INVENTARIO AMBIENTAL CONSIDERÓ PRIMORDIALMENTE: TRANSPORTE DE MATERIAS PRIMAS, PROCESO DE DOSIFICACIÓN, CARGUÍO Y DESPACHO DE LOS PRINCIPALES INSUMOS MATERIALES. PARA TODAS ESTAS ACTIVIDADES SE CUANTIFICARON CONSUMOS ENERGÉTICOS Y EMISIONES DE CO2 DURANTE UN AÑO DE PRODUCCIÓN, EXCLUYENDO CONSUMO ENERGÉTICO Y HUELLA DE CARBONO CORPORATIVA. AL APLICAR EL ?INVENTARIO CICLO DE VIDA? (ICV), SEGÚN IS0 14.040-2006, EL CASO DE ESTUDIO MOSTRÓ QUE PARA PRODUCIR UN METRO CÚBICO DE HORMIGÓN PREMEZCLADO SE REQUIEREN 342 MJ, LO QUE GENERA UNA HUELLA DE CARBONO DE 26 KG/CO2. AL COMPARAR ESTE RESULTADO CON BASES DE DATOS INTERNACIONALES, EL MISMO CASO DEMOSTRÓ SER UN 37,5% MÁS BAJO EN ENERGÍA CONTENIDA Y MÁS DE UN 50% INFERIOR EN EMISIONES DE CO2.

3D-PRINTED BUILDINGS CAN SAVE RESOURCES AND TIME, BOOSTING PRODUCTIVITY AND THE CONSTRUCTION?S SUSTAINABILITY. WHILE THIS NEW TECHNOLOGY IS DEVELOPING AROUND THE WORLD AND EXAMPLES ABOUND, ITS ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN CONDITIONS HAVE YET TO BE DETERMINED. THIS WORK ACCOMPLISHES A NOVEL IDENTIFICATION OF THE ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF CONSTRUCTION 3D PRINTING BASED ON PILOT TESTS, CASE STUDIES, AND DIGITAL MODELLING. LAB SCALE TESTS ?WITH MICROCEMENT AND A KUKA R120 ROBOT? HAVE LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIFFERENT CONSTRUCTIVE ELEMENTS. IN ADDITION, INTERNATIONAL MODELS OF IMPRESS HOUSING ARE REVIEWED, IN ADDITION TO DISCUSSING THEIR FORMAL CONDITIONS. BIM RIDIMENSIONAL MODELS ARE ALSO DEVELOPED BASED ON THE REGISTERED TESTS AND CONDITIONS. THE EXPERIENCES AND REVIEWS BASICALLY SHOW THE PRINTING OF CURVED AND COARSE PARAMETERS THAT POINT TO NEW ARCHITECTURAL POSSIBILITIES.

HIS PAPER PROPOSES THE DEVELOPMENT OF A METHODOLOGY FOR THE DIGITAL GENERATION OF VALID 3D-PRINTED HOUSES DESIGNS AND FABRICATION PROGRAMMING, IN THE SEARCH FOR AN EMERGING ARCHITECTURAL LANGUAGE OF THIS TECHNOLOGY. THE AIM IS TO DEVELOP A TRANSPARENT, GENERIC AND VARIABLE MODELING AND MANAGEMENT PROCESS, BASED ON SOME PARAMETRIC PATTERNS FOR 3D PRINTING, ARCHITECTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION DESIGN KNOWLEDGE. THAT SERVES AS AN OUTLINE OR INSIGHT OF WHAT CAN BE DESIGNING ARCHITECTURAL 3D-PRINTED FORMS IN THE CONSTRUCTION 4.0 ERA. PRELIMINARY RESULTS, DISCUSSION AND FURTHER WORK ARE PRESENTED

ENERGY SIMULATION SYSTEMS ALLOW ANALYZING THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND DEMAND OF BUILDINGS, BUT THEY MUST HAVE RELIABLE AND PROPER PROCEDURES. THIS PAPER IDENTIFIES RELEVANT CONDITIONS OF ENERGY SIMULATION SYSTEMS FOR THE STUDY OF SINGLE-FAMILY HOMES, BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF A DOZEN PROGRAMS AND VARIOUS EXPERIENCES IN SOUTH CENTRAL CHILE. A REVIEW OF CAPABILITIES WAS CONDUCTED, SIMULATING THE SAME CASE IN ALL SYSTEMS AND MAKING INTERVIEWS WITH EXPERT USERS. BESIDES IT STUDIED THE INCIDENCE OF BACKGROUND DATA AND DIFFERENT STRATEGIES FOR ANALYSIS THE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF HOUSING. REVEALING SIGNIFICANT CHARACTERISTICS IN THE ENERGY STUDY OF DETACHED RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS. FINALLY IT SUGGESTS REVIEWING CERTAIN CONDITIONS TO ENSURE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AND SUBSEQUENT ACTIONS.

LAS CONSTRUCCIONES MEDIANTE IMPRESION-3D PUEDEN REDUCIR RECURSOS Y TIEMPOS DE EJECUCIÓN, IMPULSANDO LA PRODUCTIVIDAD Y LA SUSTENTABILIDAD DE LA EDIFICACIÓN. SI BIEN ESTA NUEVA TECNOLOGÍA SE ESTÁ DESARROLLANDO EN DISTINTAS PARTES DEL MUNDO Y YA HAY EJEMPLOS DIVERSOS, NO SE HAN DETERMINADO LAS CONDICIONES DE DISEÑO ARQUITECTÓNICO CON ESTE NUEVO SISTEMA CONSTRUCTIVO. EL PRESENTE TRABAJO REALIZA UNA NOVEDOSA IDENTIFICACIÓN DE CARACTERÍSTICAS ARQUITECTÓNICAS DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN IMPRESA-3D BASADAS EN PRUEBAS EXPERIMENTALES, ESTUDIOS DE CASOS Y MODELACIONES DIGITALES CON EL FIN DE PROMOVER ESTAS EDIFICACIONES. LAS PRUEBAS A ESCALA DE LABORATORIO, CON MEZCLAS DE MICROHORMIGÓN Y UN ROBOT KUKA R120, HAN PERMITIDO ELABORAR DIVERSOS ELEMENTOS CONSTRUCTIVOS. ADEMÁS, SE REVISAN EJEMPLOS INTERNACIONALES DE VIVIENDAS IMPRESAS Y SE ANALIZAN SUS CONDICIONES FORMALES. TAMBIÉN SE DESARROLLAN MODELOS TRIDIMENSIONALES EN BIM BASADOS EN LAS PRUEBAS Y CONDICIONES REGISTRADAS. LAS EXPERIENCIAS Y LAS REVISIONES MUESTRAN PRIMORDIALMENTE LA IMPRESIÓN DE PARAMENTOS RUGOSOS Y CURVOS QUE SUGIEREN NUEVAS POSIBILIDADES ARQUITECTÓNICAS.

PUBLIC POLICY IN CHILE PROPOSES REACHING CARBON NEUTRALITY BY 2050. REGARDING THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR, THE APPLICATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS HAS BEEN ENCOURAGED. HOWEVER, THE CONTRIBUTION OF THESE STANDARDS TO LIFE-CYCLE GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG) REDUCTION STILL REMAINS UNKNOWN. THIS STUDY AIMS TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT OF IMPLEMENTING THE STANDARDIZED REFERENCE TERMS OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY (TDRE FOR ITS SPANISH ACRONYM) ON THE REDUCTION OF THE CARBON FOOTPRINT (HEREAFTER CF) DURING THE LIFE CYCLE OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS. TO THAT END, A THEORETICAL CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE CF OF FOUR CASE STUDIES IS PERFORMED COMPRISING THE CONSTRUCTION AND USE PHASES OF THEIR LIFE CYCLE. THE INCLUSION OF THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE ALLOWS UNDERSTANDING THE ACTUAL IMPLICATIONS OF IMPLEMENTING TDRE IN BUILDINGS. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT TDRE CAN REDUCE THE USE PHASE CF OF THE CASE STUDIES IN 82%, IN CONTRAST WITH THE INCREASE OF THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE CF IN 14%. SUCH INCREASE IS MOSTLY ASSOCIATED TO CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS OF THE THERMAL ENVELOPE AND THE TYPE OF FUEL USED FOR HEATING. THIS LEADS TO CONCLUDE THAT LIMITING THE ENERGY DEMAND OF BUILDINGS FROM THE DESIGN PHASE IS NOT ENOUGH TO REDUCE THE BUILDING?S ENTIRE LIFE CYCLE CF, AND THEREFORE A LIFE-CYCLE APPROACH THAT CONSIDERS THE AFOREMENTIONED ELEMENTS MUST BE APPLIED IN THE ANALYSIS IN ORDER TO PRODUCE ECO-EFFICIENT BUILDINGS.

CHILE BEGINS TO INCORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY PRINCIPLES IN ITS STATE POLICIES AT THE SECTOR LEVEL, WHICH HAS CREATED A GREAT OPPORTUNITY FOR THE BUILDING SECTOR, BY ENCOURAGING IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON THE INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF BUILDINGS. THIS ARTICLE SHOWS A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS IN ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS BETWEEN THE TWO MOST COMMON CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS PROPOSED BY THE MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN PLANNING IN CHILE: (A) STRUCTURAL WALL OF RADIATA PINE AND (B) REINFORCED CONCRETE WALL. FOR THIS ANALYSIS, WAS USED A COMPUTER TOOL NAMED ÁBACO-CHILE, WHICH ALLOWS THE INTEGRATION OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA FROM ANY BUILDING PROJECTS BUDGET. ÁBACO-CHILE TOOL WAS DESIGNED TO INCORPORATE, ON EACH BUDGET ITEM, AN ECONOMIC COST, A SOCIAL COST AND ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS OF CONTAINED ENERGY AND CARBON FOOTPRINT, USING THE FIRST CHILEAN-SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL DATABASE. THE RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS SHOW THAT THE ECONOMIC, SOCIAL COST AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS EVALUATED ARE MUCH HIGHER ON ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION IN THE CASE OF THE REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION, SURPASSING ALMOST 70 TIMES THE VALUES OF THE STRUCTURAL WALL OF RADIATA PINE. CONSIDERING THESE RESULTS, IT IS POSSIBLE TO CONCLUDE THAT ABACO-CHILE IS A USEFUL TOOL TO IDENTIFY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN THE EARLY DESIGN STAGE OF ANY BUILDINGS PROJECT AND ALSO THAT THIS ANALYSIS ALLOWS AN ADVANCE INCORPORATION OF SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA IN BUILDINGS PROJECTS IN CHILE.

THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO COMPARATIVELY EVALUATE THE ECO-EFFICIENT PERFORMANCE OF THE ONLY TWO MANDATORY THERMAL REGULATIONS APPLIED IN CHILE: THE GENERAL URBAN PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION ORDINANCE (OGUC), AND THE ATMOS-PHERIC DECONTAMINATION PLANS (PDA). CONSIDERING THE PDA OF THE COMMUNES OF TEMUCO AND PADRE LAS CASAS, AND THE SYSTEM LIMITS OF UNE-EN 15978:2012 FOR THE PRODUCT AND USE STAGES, THIS STUDY COVERED THE INDICATORS OF ENERGY, CARBON FOOTPRINT, ECONOMIC COST AND EMISSIONS OF FINE PARTICULATE MATTER (PM2.5), ON THERMAL ENVELOPES OF A HOUSE. AP-PLYING THE PDA OVER THE OGUC, THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT: FIRST, THE CONTAINED ENERGY INCREASES BY 12.4%, THE CARBON FOOTPRINT BY 8.1% AND THE ECONOMIC COST BY 7.8% IN THE STAGE OF PRODUCT; AND SECOND, IT REDUCES THE DEMAND FOR HEATING, FUEL CONSUMPTION, CARBON FOOTPRINT, AND PM2.5 EMISSIONS, BY 19.4%, IN THE USE STAGE. FINALLY, THE STUDY CONCLUDES THAT, FOR CHILEAN HOMES TO IMPROVE THEIR ECO-EFFICIENT PERFORMANCE, AN EVALUATION WITH A LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS (LCCA) APPROACH, WHICH ALLOWS ANALYZING THEIR EVOLUTION OVER TIME, MUST BE INCLUDED IN THE MANDATORY THERMAL REGULATIONS THAT REGULATE THEM

COUNTRIES ARE PLACED UNDER HIGH ECOLOGICAL PRESSURE DURING ECONOMIC EXPANSION PERIODS, ESPECIALLY IN THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR. IN ORDER TO TACKLE THE EFFECTS OF SUCH EXPANSION, IT IS NECESSARY TO CLEARLY IDENTIFY ITS PRINCIPAL SOURCES OF IMPACT. IN THIS RESPECT, THE PRESENT METHODOLOGY IS PROPOSED, WHERE TWO DWELLING PROJECTS (ONE IN SPAIN, WHERE THE METHODOLOGY IS INITIALLY IMPLEMENTED, AND A SECOND IN CHILE) ARE ECONOMICALLY AND ENVIRONMENTALLY ASSESSED IN THE DESIGN STAGE. THE PROCEDURE IS BASED ON THE ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT INDICATOR AND THE PROJECTS BILL OF QUANTITIES, WHERE THE LATTER TRADITIONALLY CLASSIFIES PROJECT ELEMENTS INTO THREE MAJOR CATEGORIES: MATERIALS, MANPOWER, AND MACHINERY. EACH ELEMENT HAS AN ASSOCIATED FOOTPRINT IN TERMS OF FOSSIL FUEL, CROPLAND, PASTURES, FOREST AND CARBON ABSORPTION LAND, PRODUCTIVE SEA, AND/OR BUILT LAND.

PROFESSIONALS INVOLVED IN THE EARLY DESIGN STAGES, USUALLY HAVE DIFFICULTIES UNDERSTANDING THE USE OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT TOOLS. THIS ENTAILS MAJOR DRAWBACKS, AS IT IS PRECISELY IN THESE PHASES WHEN DECISIONS THAT GENERATE THE GREATEST IMPACTS ON THE PROJECT LIFE CYCLE ARE MADE. AS A RESULT, THIS RESEARCH AIMS TO PROPOSE AND TEST A WORKFLOW THAT INTEGRATES ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA IN THE EARLY PHASES OF BUILDING DESIGN USING BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING AND A CHILEAN DATABASE. FIRST, THE WORKFLOW WAS CONCEPTUALIZED AND IMPLEMENTED. THEN, THE IMPLEMENTATION WAS VALIDATED BY A GROUP OF PROFESSIONALS FROM THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR, THROUGH A PRACTICAL CASE. A SURVEY WAS APPLIED TO THEM TO MEASURE THE INTEGRATION IN TERMS OF TIME, APPLICABILITY,SCALABILITY, AND EASE OF UNDERSTANDING. THE MAIN FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT THE PROOF OF CONCEPT IS VALID AND THAT ITCOULD CONTINUE TO BE DEVELOPED AND THUS CONTRIBUTE TO BRINGING SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA INTO EARLY DESIGN STAGES.

THERE IS A REAL NEED TO APPLY THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABILITY TO THE INDUSTRY, AND SPECIFICALLY THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR THAT CONSUMES HIGH RESOURCES. WITHIN THE SAME, THE CEMENT INDUSTRY GENERATES HIGH LEVELS OF EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES (GHG) EMISSIONS TO THE ATMOSPHERE, AND THERE ARE A LARGE NUMBER OF RESEARCH LINES TO REDUCE THE CO2. THE OPTION THAT HAS BEEN FOLLOWED IN THIS RESEARCH IS THE REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT RAW MATERIALS, WHERE THE REDUCTION OF GHG EMISSIONS IS ACHIEVED BY ADDING THE RESIDUE FROM THE MANUFACTURING OF NATURAL STONE, THE CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS. THE RELEVANCE OF THIS EXHIBITION LIES IN THE DIFFERENT SCENARIOS THAT ARISE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WASTE AND THE EFFECTS OF REDUCING EMISSIONS AS WELL AS RECOVERY OF WASTE.

LA PRESENTE PROPUESTA CONSISTE EN EL DISEÑO COLABORATIVO DE UN EDIFICIO TECNOLÓGICAMENTE INNOVADOR, DESDE EL MODELO CONCEPTUAL HASTA SU PLAN DE CONSTRUCCIÓN, CONCEBIDO ÍNTEGRAMENTE UTILIZANDO METODOLOGÍA BIM (ARQUITECTURA, ESTRUCTURAS Y MEP), Y QUE HOY ESTÁ CONCURSANDO EN UN IMPORTANTE CONCURSO INTERNACIONAL DE DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCIÓN, ORGANIZADO POR UNA EMPRESA CANADIENSE.

FORM-FINDING IS A PROCESS OF RESEARCH BY DESIGN, WHICH CONSIDERS ITS OWN CONDITIONS TO INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF POSSIBLE RESULTS. THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS A PARAMETRIC DESIGN STRATEGYFOR CONCRETE COLUMNS USING FABRIC FORMWORK, IN ORDER TO SUPPORT THE CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS TECHNIQUE IN ARCHITECTURAL COMPOSITIONS. THIS STRATEGY IS BASED ON A FORMWORK SYSTEM COMPOSED OF TEXTILES WITH VERTICAL SUPPORTS TO GENERATE CIRCULAR COLUMNS, WHICH HAS BEEN TESTED IN SCALE MODELS AND REAL-SIZE ELEMENTS. THE PARAMETRIC DESIGN OF THE SYSTEM IS ESTABLISHED FROM A SEQUENCE OF CIRCLES WITH VARIABLE RADIUS AND HEIGHT, IN ADDITION TO LATERAL DISPLACEMENT, ELABORATING A COMPUTATIONAL PROGRAMMING THAT ALLOWS GENERATING A VARIETY OF COLUMN DESIGNS. PARAMETRIC IMPLEMENTATION ALLOWS VERIFYING THE FORMAL VERSATILITY OF THESE CONSTRUCTIVE CAPACITIES, AS WELL AS REVIEWING EXECUTION CONDITIONS AND STRUCTURE, AND SUGGESTING NEW SPATIAL, DISTRIBUTION, ANALYSIS AND MANUFACTURING POSSIBILITIES, EVIDENCING THE ARCHITECTURAL POTENTIAL OF THE DIGITAL SYSTEM AND FLEXIBLE FORMWORKS.

THE FOLLOWING PAPER DESCRIBES AND COMMENTS A CONSTRUCTION PLANNING PLATFORM FOR THE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF WALL MODULES, AS A SET OF DESIGN AND PLANNING ACTIONS THAT INTERWOVE ROBOTIC, MATERIAL CAPACITIES AND SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS. GOAL HERE IS TO TAKE SEMI-CONVENTIONAL STRATEGY AND AUGMENT THE ALGORITHMIC PROCESS FOR DESIGN AND KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION REGARDING DESIGN ORIENTED TO 3D PRINTING CONSTRUCTION.

THE THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS THE RESULTS OF A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EMERGENCY HOUSING, IN THREE LOCATIONS IN THE STATE OF GUERRERO, MEXICO, AND PROPOSES RECOMMENDATIONS TO BUILD THEM UNDER THE CONCEPT OF LOW IMPACT HOUSING. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS RESEARCH IS TO ANALYZE THE STATE OF NEUTRALITY OF THE COMPONENTS OF AN EMERGENCY HOUSING PROJECT IN MEXICO FINANCED THROUGH PUBLIC RESOURCES, FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF THE CO? EMISSIONS GENERATED FROM ITS USE, AND ALSO ANALYZING THE LEVEL OF THERMAL HABITABILITY FOR ITS OCCUPANTS. THE APPLIED METHODOLOGY IS THE ZIH CONCEPT (ZERO IMPACT HOUSING) ADAPTED TO EACH STAGE OF USE, WHICH CONSIDERS VARIABLES SUCH AS SOIL, WATER AND ENERGY. THE ISSUES WERE ALSO ADDRESSED UNDER A NEW SUSTAINABILITY APPROACH ASSOCIATED WITH FOUR PILLARS; GOVERNMENTAL, SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL. THIS RESEARCH ALLOWED TO GENERATE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN EMERGENCY HOUSING PROJECT IN MEXICO, INTEGRATING ELEMENTS THAT INCREASE HABITABILITY BY UP TO 42% AND DECREASE ANNUAL ENERGY COSTS BY UP TO $28,772.60 PESOS. THE PRESENT METHODOLOGY IS EXPECTED TO SERVE AS A REFERENCE FOR FUTURE ANALYSES IN OTHER REGIONS OF THE COUNTRY OR IN LATIN AMERICA. THE CURRENT HOUSING POLICY APPROACH SEEKS TO SERVE THE MOST VULNERABLE POPULATION IN MEXICO, BUT LACKS CONSIDERATIONS ON THE SUSTAINABLE USE OF RESOURCES, HABITABILITY AND THE IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT; THIS RESEARCH GENERATES A PROPOSAL TO INCLUDE THESE ASPECTS UNDER A SUSTAINABILITY CRITERION, ADDING TO THE CURRENT EFFORTS, UNDER A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

IN THE LAST FEW YEARS, SCATTERED EXPERIENCES OF THE APPLICATION OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS USING 3D PRINTING WITH ROBOTS OR AUTOMATED EQUIPMENT HAVE EMERGED AROUND THE WORLD. THESE USE A VARIETY OF PROCEDURES AND SUGGEST RELEVANT ADVANTAGES FOR THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY. IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT PROCESSES AND FEATURES IN DEVELOPMENT IN THIS FIELD AND TO GUIDE FUTURE RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS, THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON THE MAIN ASPECTS INVOLVED IN THE USE OF 3D PRINTING IN THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR. THE REVIEW INCLUDES STATE-OF-THE-ART MATERIAL MIXTURES, PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES, AND POTENTIAL USES, AS WELL AS A NOVEL ANALYSIS OF BUILDING STRATEGIES, MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, AND BENEFITS STATED ABOUT THIS NEW APPROACH FOR CONSTRUCTION. IT REVEALS PROGRESSIVE EXPERIMENTATION REGARDING DIVERSE FEATURES, WITH CHALLENGES RELATED TO THE CONSOLIDATION OF PROCEDURES AND THIS TECHNOLOGY?S READINESS TO PARTICIPATE IN THE BUILDING MARKET.

THIS PAPER PRESENTS RESULTS ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF CONSTRUCTION OF A STANDARD SOCIAL HOUSE IN CHILE. A SIMPLIFIED LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT APPROACH WAS USED HERE, IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AT DIFFERENT STAGES IN THE BUILDING LIFE CYCLE UNDER SPECIFIC CHILEAN CONDITIONS. ONE SQUARE METER OF A STANDARD HOUSE WAS USED AS THE FUNCTIONAL UNIT, AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS WERE RECORDED FOR ALL STAGES. THE CARBON FOOTPRINT OF THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE WAS ALSO ESTIMATED. THE SYSTEM LIMITS INCLUDED ALL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO THE MANUFACTURING OF BUILDING MATERIALS USED IN FOUNDATIONS AND ENCLOSURES, CONSTRUCTION AND THE HOUSE USAGE PHASE. DECONSTRUCTION OR END OF LIFE PHASES WERE EXCLUDED FROM THE SYSTEM LIMITS UNDER STUDY. RESULTS INDICATE THAT ENERGY CONSUMPTION DURING THE HOUSE CONSTRUCTION PHASE COULD BE NEGLECTED AS COMPARED WITH REQUIREMENTS IN OTHER LIFE CYCLE STAGES. ADDITIONALLY, MANUFACTURING OF HOUSING FOUNDATIONS AND BRICKS ACCOUNTED FOR MOST OF CARBON FOOTPRINT.

THIS PAPER PRESENTS RESULTS ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF CONSTRUCTION OF A STANDARD SOCIAL HOUSE IN CHILE. A SIMPLIFIED LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT APPROACH WAS USED HERE, IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AT DIFFERENT STAGES IN THE BUILDING LIFE CYCLE UNDER SPECIFIC CHILEAN CONDITIONS. ONE SQUARE METER OF A STANDARD HOUSE WAS USED AS THE FUNCTIONAL UNIT, AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS WERE RECORDED FOR ALL STAGES. THE CARBON FOOTPRINT OF THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE WAS ALSO ESTIMATED. THE SYSTEM LIMITS INCLUDED ALL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO THE MANUFACTURING OF BUILDING MATERIALS USED IN FOUNDATIONS AND ENCLOSURES, CONSTRUCTION AND THE HOUSE USAGE PHASE. DECONSTRUCTION OR END OF LIFE PHASES WERE EXCLUDED FROM THE SYSTEM LIMITS UNDER STUDY. RESULTS INDICATE THAT ENERGY CONSUMPTION DURING THE HOUSE CONSTRUCTION PHASE COULD BE NEGLECTED AS COMPARED WITH REQUIREMENTS IN OTHER LIFE CYCLE STAGES. ADDITIONALLY, MANUFACTURING OF HOUSING FOUNDATIONS AND BRICKS ACCOUNTED FOR MOST OF CARBON FOOTPRINT