THE FACTORS THAT CAN EXPLAIN THE DIFFUSION OF 4.0 TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CHILEAN ECONOMY ARE ANALYZED. WE WORK WITH COMPANIES THAT CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS ""SPECIALIZED SUPPLIERS"" AND ""SCIENCE-BASED"" RELEVANT TO THE ANALYZED TECHNOLOGICAL FIELD. THE DATA FROM THE TENTH NATIONAL INNOVATION SURVEY CARRIED OUT BY THE NATIONAL STATISTICS INSTITUTE (INE, 2018) ARE USED. A CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF THE SECOND ORDER IS PERFORMED TO IDENTIFY THE VARIABLES THAT BEST EXPLAIN THE DIFFUSION. LISREL 8.8 SOFTWARE WAS USED, MAKING THE ESTIMATIONS WITH THE ROBUST DIAGONAL WEIGHTED LEAST SQUARES METHOD (DWLS) BECAUSE WE WORK WITH ORDINAL VARIABLES. THE MAIN RESULTS SHOW THE RELEVANCE OF FUTURE INNOVATION PROJECTS AND THE NUMBER OF WORKERS HIRED BY EACH COMPANY TO STIMULATE TECHNOLOGICAL DIFFUSION.

THIS PAPER FOCUSES ON ADOPTING CYBERSECURITY PROCEDURES IN CHILEAN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?S DATA-DRIVEN DEMANDS, WHICH HAVE EXPOSED VULNERABILITIES IN CYBERSECURITY. THIS ANALYSIS IS BASED ON DATA FROM THE FIFTH LONGITUDINAL SURVEY OF COMPANIES - ELE 5 - CONDUCTED BY THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS. USING THE TOE ADOPTION MODEL, WE EMPLOY BINARY AND ORDERED LOGIT AND PROBIT MODELS WITH DATA FROM 574 COMPANIES AND 17 EXPLANATORY VARIABLES. THE OBJECTIVE IS TO GAIN INSIGHT INTO THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ADOPTION OF CYBERSECURITY PROCESSES, COMPLEMENTING THE EXISTING LITERATURE, WHICH OFTEN FOCUSES ON DEVELOPING SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGIES OR CONDUCTING COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSES OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION. THE STUDY HIGHLIGHTS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF COMPANY SIZE IN EXPLAINING THE ADOPTION OF CYBERSECURITY PROCEDURES AND REVEALS THE RELEVANCE OF EXPLANATORY VARIABLES AS THE DEPTH OF ADOPTION INCREASES. THE FINDINGS UNDERSCORE THE NEED FOR PUBLIC POLICIES THAT FACILITATE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EXISTING REGULATIONS, SUCH AS ISO 27.001, PARTICULARLY FOR SMALL COMPANIES. ADDITIONALLY, THE STUDY EMPHASIZES THE IMPORTANCE OF FOSTERING A

THIS PAPER SEEKS TO IDENTIFY HOW MUCH THE FORESTRY COMPANIES ARE CONNECTED WITH NETWORKS IN THE TERRITORY, AS WELL AS WITH BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, SOCIAL AND PUBLIC SECTOR FROM A REGIONS AND COMMUNITIES LEVEL AND FROM A CERTAIN BUSINESS PRACTICES. THE STUDY IS BASED FROM THE RESULTS GENERATED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A SURVEY OF 55 FOREST PLANTS IN THE SOUTH CENTRAL CHILE, COVERING 71% OF THE TOTAL CENSUS, IS PERFORMED PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF DATA AND A BINARY LOGISTIC REGRESSION TO IDENTIFY BUSINESS PRACTICES WITH THE GREATEST POTENTIAL LINKS. THE RESULTS SEEK TO PROVIDE BACKGROUND INFORMATION THAT ORIENTATE BETTER THE PUBLIC POLICIES IN THE TERRITORY.

IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION THIS PAPER ANALYZES THE FACTORS THAT EXPLAIN THE DEGREE OF DIFFUSION OF SOME INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICTS) ENABLING INDUSTRIES 4.0 IN CHILEAN COMPANIES. IN THIS GROUP WE FIND TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS: BIG DATA, RIFD (RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION), CLOUD COMPUTING, ERP (ENTERPRISE REQUIREMENTS PLANNING), CRM (CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT), SCM (SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT) AND COMPUTER SECURITY. THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF CLUSTERS, ORDERLY LOGISTIC REGRESSION AND DECISION TREE, BASED ON 2,081 COMPANIES REPORTED IN THE SURVEY OF ACCESS AND USE OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN COMPANIES 2018 (MINECON, 2020). IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THERE IS AN IMPORTANT DIFFERENCE IN TECHNOLOGICAL ADOPTION BASED ON SIZE FROM THE VOLUME OF SALES AND THE AMOUNT OF DIRECT LABOR. IT IS ALSO NOTED THAT COMPANIES THAT SUBCONTRACT AND AT THE SAME TIME HAVE ICT PROFESSIONALS ARE MORE LIKELY TO INVEST IN THIS TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY. WE DETECTED A ?TECHNOLOGICAL STAGGERING? WHERE COMPANIES BEGIN BY INCORPORATING CLOUD COMPUTING AND ERP AND THEN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER AND COMPLEXITY OF THE TECHNOLOGIES USED, ACHIEVING GREATER SYNERGIES AND BENEFITS IN DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION. IT IS NECESSARY TO IMPLEMENT MECHANISMS FOR MONITORING TECHNICAL CHANGE TO GENERATE PUBLIC POLICIES AIMED AT LEVELING TECHNOLOGICAL ADOPTION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES. THIS WORK PROVIDES A GLOBAL AND INTERSECTORAL VIEW OF THE PROCESS OF DIFFUSION OF ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR INDUSTRY 4.0 THROUGH MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES AND DATA SCIENCE, BEING A CONTRIBUTION TO WHAT IS CURRENTLY WORKED ON FOCUSED ON THE STUDY OF BUSINESS CASES, ON THE MONITORING OF A SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGY OR ON AN ANALYSIS OF A SPECIFIC PRODUCTIVE SECTOR.

THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION HAS BUILT UPON THE LESSONS LEARNED FROM COVID-19 AND HAS EMPHASIZED THE URGENT NEED FOR DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES) IN LATIN AMERICA. THIS STUDY AIMS TO IDENTIFY THE FACTORS THAT CAN EXPLAIN THE VARYING DEGREES OF ADOPTION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES 4.0 (DT 4.0). THE RESEARCH ANALYZES THE RESULTS OF SURVEYS CONDUCTED AMONG 35 COMPANIES LOCATED IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF ARGENTINA AND THE BIOBIO REGION OF CHILE. BY UTILIZING THE TECHNOLOGY, ORGANIZATION, AND ENVIRONMENT (TOE) MODEL OF ADOPTION AND EMPLOYING DATA SCIENCE TOOLS, SUCH AS CLUSTER ANALYSIS (K-MEANS) AND DECISION TREES (J48), THE STUDY PARAMETERIZES THE DIFFERENT RESPONSES AND GENERATES VALUABLE INSIGHTS. OUR WORK PROVIDES A COMPLEMENTARY VIEW TO EXISTING STUDIES, ANALYZING THE KEY FACTORS IN THE ADOPTION OF DT 4.0 IN A GROUP OF SMES LOCATED IN REGIONS, NOT NATIONAL CAPITALS, OF TWO LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES WITH DIFFERENT GROWTH MODELS. THE RESULTS HIGHLIGHT THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BUSINESS LEADERS POSSESSING KNOWLEDGE OF DT 4.0, THE IMPORTANCE OF HAVING SPECIALIZED HUMAN CAPITAL, AND THE NEED FOR AN ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE THAT EMBRACES INNOVATION. PUBLIC POLICY SHOULD FOCUS ON TRANSFORMING BUSINESS LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL DYNAMICS TO STIMULATE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION.

THIS PAPER ATTEMPTS TO IDENTIFY THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF INNOVATING ENTERPRISES IN THE FIELD OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES IN CHILE. THE RELEVANCE OF THIS SECTOR LIES IN BEING A PROVIDER OF SERVICES TO AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY AND, THUS, IT CAN PLAY A DIFFUSER AND ENERGIZER ROLE. THE SUPPLY-PRODUCT MATRIX FROM THE CENTRAL BANK OF CHILE WAS USED TO IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPAL FORWARD LINKS OF THE INDUSTRY. THE NINTH INNOVATION SURVEY (INE 2016) WAS USED TO GENERATE A CHARACTERIZATION OF INNOVATION AND TO IDENTIFY, BY MEANS OF A LOGIT REGRESSION MODEL, THE FACTOR THAT EXPLAIN THE LARGEST PROBABILITY TO INNOVATE.

ESTE LIBRO ES PORTADOR DEL CONJUNTO DE IMPACTOS MÚLTIPLES DEL ESTUDIO DENOMINADO, DESCRIPTIVAMENTE ?LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE TEJIDOS SOCIOPRODUCTIVOS EN ENTORNOS PRECARIOS, A PARTIR DE LA GRAN EMPRESA FORESTAL MADERERA (GEFM), QUE PARA EL CASO SE EXTENDIÓ A LA MEDIANA GRANDE, SU INSERCIÓN EN LOS MERCADOS GLOBALES Y SU CRECIMIENTO SOSTENIBLE, EN LA REGIONES DEL CENTRO SUR DE CHILE (VII, VIII, IX Y XIV). ENTRE LOS IMPACTOS DESTACAN: UN CUADRO ANALÍTICO Y POLÍTICAS TERRITORIALES DE INNOVACIÓN, PLANES Y / O PROYECTOS PARA LA ARTICULACIÓN SOCIOPRODUCTIVA ENTRE LA GEFM Y LOS ENTORNOS PRECARIOS CON BENEFICIOS MUTUOS. UNA METODOLOGÍA DE ARTICULACIÓN PÚBLICA Y PRIVADA Y NUEVOS TEMAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN PARA ENTIDAD DE I+D+I. ADEMÁS, APORTA UN CONJUNTO DE PRODUCTOS ESPECÍFICOS: ÍNDICE DE IMPLANTACIÓN TERRITORIAL DE GEFM, AGENDA INDICATIVA DE CORTO, MEDIANOS Y LARGO PLAZO DE ARTICULACIÓN VÍA PLANES Y / O PROYECTOS DE INNOVACIÓN, ETC.

LATIN AMERICA IS THE MOST CRIMINOGENIC REGION OF THE WORLD FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MURDER ACCORDING TO STUDIES BY INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES. THIS PROBLEM AFFECTS PHENOMENA SUCH AS DRUG TRAFFICKING AND ORGANIZED CRIME AMONG OTHERS. SINCE THE YEAR 2000, INTERVENTIONS IN LATIN AMERICA TO REDUCE CRIME AND FEAR OF CRIME, BASED ON SITUATIONAL PREVENTION STRATEGIES AND CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN (CPTED) MODIFICATIONS TO THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT AS WELL AS THE SOCIAL NETWORK OF CERTAIN AREAS HAVE BEEN IMPLEMENTED. HOWEVER THERE IS NO IMPACT ASSESSMENT MODEL OF SUCH INTERVENTIONS. THIS RESEARCH ADVANCES THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL TO MEASURE THE IMPACT OF SITUATIONAL AND CPTED PREVENTION STRATEGIES IN HIGHLY VULNERABLE NEIGHBORHOODS IN LATIN AMERICA AND EVIDENCE IT WITH EARLY CASE STUDIES.

EL PRESENTE TRABAJO BUSCA DETERMINAR LOS FACTORES QUE EXPLICAN LAS DIFERENTES TASAS DE INNOVACIÓN AL NIVEL DE LAS REGIONES DE CHILE. SE EMPLEARON DATOS DE LA DÉCIMA ENCUESTA DE INNOVACIÓN EN EMPRESAS 2016, PUBLICADOS EN 2018, POR EL INSTITUTO NACIONAL ESTADÍSTICA (INE). SE DESARROLLARON REGRESIONES LOGÍSTICAS BINARIAS (LOGIT) PARA CADA REGIÓN, IDENTIFICANDO LOS FACTORES EXPLICATIVOS ESPECÍFICOS QUE DETERMINAN LA MAYOR PROBABILIDAD DE LAS EMPRESAS LOCALES PARA INNOVAR. EL TRABAJO CONCLUYE QUE LAS HETEROGENEIDADES DETECTADAS OBLIGAN A QUE LAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DEBEN ADAPTARSE A LAS DINÁMICAS REGIONALES ENTENDIDAS COMO ESPACIOS SUBNACIONALES.

INVESTIGACIONES EN PAÍSES DEL SUR GLOBAL HAN ENCONTRADO ALTOS NIVELES DE INSATISFACCIÓN ENTRE LAS PERSONAS RELOCALIZADAS DE ASENTAMIENTOS INFORMALES EN VIVIENDAS SOCIALES, PESE A QUE EN LOS NUEVOS HÁBITATS EXISTEN REGULARMENTE MEJORES CONDICIONES BÁSICAS DE HABITABILIDAD. DADA ESTA APARENTE CONTRADICCIÓN Y ANTE LA FALTA DE REVISIONES BIBLIOGRÁFICAS AL RESPECTO, EL OBJETIVO ES ESTABLECER LAS RAZONES DE LA INSATISFACCIÓN MEDIANTE LA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA CUALITATIVA DE LA LITERATURA RECIENTE SOBRE EL TEMA. SIGUIENDO LA GUÍA ?PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES?, PRISMA, SE IDENTIFICARON Y EXAMINARON ARTÍCULOS CIENTÍFICOS PUBLICADOS ENTRE 2010 Y 2021 EN LAS BASES DE DATOS SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCIELO, J-STAGE Y DOAJ. PARA EL ANÁLISIS DE LOS 94 ARTÍCULOS ELEGIDOS SE UTILIZÓ EL MÉTODO COMPARATIVO CONSTANTE.

IN LATIN AMÉRICA THERE ARE LARGE EXPORTING COMPANIES INTENSIVE IN NATURAL RESOURCES WHICH DO NOT CONNECT WITH THE SMES IN THE TERRITORIES. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO PROVIDE ELEMENTS THAT EXPLAIN THE LIMITS TO THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES LOCATED IN BIO-BASED TERRITORIES, PROVIDING INPUTS FOR A PUBLIC POLICY THAT ENHANCES LOCAL DEVELOPMENT. THE CASE OF SAWMILLS LOCATED IN THE PROVINCE OF ARAUCO, BÍO-BÍO REGION, CHILE, IS STUDIED. THE RESULTS OF A SURVEY APPLIED TO 42 COMPANIES ARE ANALYZED, IN THE CONTEXT OF AN INITIATIVE FINANCED BY THE REGIONAL GOVERNMENT OF BIOBÍO, WHICH REPRESENT 84% OF THE TOTAL SAWMILLS IN THE PROVINCE OF ARAUCO. DIFFERENT DATA SCIENCE ALGORITHMS ARE USED TO GENERATE CLUSTERS AND DECISION TREES. BASED ON THE RESULTS, A HETEROGENEITY WITHIN THE GROUP OF COMPANIES IS VERIFIED FROM THE PERCEPTION OF THE MAIN PROBLEMS, THE PROCESSES THAT ARE INTERNALIZED, THE NUMBER OF SECTORS IT SELLS TO AND THE COST OF RAW MATERIALS. PUBLIC POLICIES RECOMMENDATIONS ARE PRESENTED AIMED AT BUILDING SUPPORT NETWORKS, IMPROVING QUALITY STANDARDS THROUGH CERTIFICATIONS, ATTRACTING, AND RETAINING QUALIFIED HUMAN CAPITAL AND PROMOTING COLLABORATIVE DESIGN AMONG COMPANIES.

MACHINE LEARNING IS A TOOL THAT IS BEING USED TO OPTIMIZE HIGHLY COMPLEX INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES. IN THE PLYWOOD PANEL PRODUCTION INDUSTRY, VENEER DRYING IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PROCESSES AS IT ALLOWS TO OBTAIN HIGH QUALITY PRODUCTS. THE BIOLOGICAL NATURE AND HIGH STRUCTURAL VARIABILITY OF WOOD TURNS ITS INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING MULTIVARIATE AND DIFFICULT TO CONTROL. THE LARGE NUMBER OF VARIABLES PRESENT AND THE INCREASING POSSIBILITY TO MEASURE THEM IN REAL TIME ARE ENABLING THE AVAILABILITY OF A LARGE AMOUNT OF DATA. NOWADAYS, DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH AND INTELLIGENCE ARTIFICIAL TECHNIQUES, SPECIFICALLY MACHINE LEARNING CAN ENABLE ROBUST PREDICTION AND CONTROL APPROACHES. IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRY, WITH HIGH LEVELS OF AUTOMATION, IT IS POSSIBLE TO ENABLE DECISION MAKING TO PREDICT PRODUCT QUALITY BY MONITORING EXPLANATORY CONTROL VARIABLES. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS WORK WAS TO EVALUATE A MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM CAPABLE OF PREDICTING THE QUALITY OF THE VENEER DRYING PROCESS FROM A CONSIDERABLE NUMBER OF INPUT VARIABLES CAPTURED FROM A REAL INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. THE WEKA PLATFORM AND PYTHON CODE WERE USED. THREE ALGORITHMS WERE EVALUATED: K-NEAREST-NEIGHBOR, EXTREME GRADIENT BOOSTING AND SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE. VARIABLE AND DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION, CORRELATION ANALYSIS AND PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS WERE PERFORMED. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT EXTREME GRADIENT BOOSTING ACHIEVED AN ACCURACY OF 76 % IN PREDICTING QUALITY SCORES. FINALLY, IT IS CONCLUDED THAT BOTH THE DATA ENGINEERING METHODOLOGY AND THE EVALUATED ALGORITHMS WERE EFFICIENT IN PREDICTING INDUSTRIAL DATA.

ESTE ARTÍCULO ANALIZA LAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS Y LAS REDES PARA EL DESARROLLO DE LAS TECNOLOGÍAS 4.0 EN CHILE, A PARTIR DEL ESTUDIO DE LA CARTERA DE PROYECTOS FONDEF-IDEA, DESDE 2012 A 2017. MEDIANTE UN ANÁLISIS SINTÁCTICO DE LOS TÍTULOS, OBJETIVOS Y RESÚMENES SE SELECCIONARON LAS INICIATIVAS ESPECÍFICAS QUE TIENEN DIRECTA O INDIRECTA APLICACIÓN DE LAS TECNOLOGÍAS 4.0, SOBRE UNA BASE INICIAL DE 530 INICIATIVAS PÚBLICAS. SE ANALIZARON LAS DIFERENTES ESPECIALIZACIONES SECTORIALES Y LA RED SOCIAL. NUESTRA CONCLUSIÓN ES QUE TODAVÍA NO OBSERVAMOS AL NIVEL DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS EN CHILE UNA ESTRATEGIA QUE ESTIMULE EL DESARROLLO DESCENTRALIZADO DE ESTAS NUEVAS TECNOLOGÍAS. SE COMPRUEBA UNA ALTA CENTRALIDAD EN LA RED DE LAS APLICACIONES DE SENSORES EN LA MINERÍA DEL COBRE, DEL MONITOREO Y LA CONVERSIÓN DEL DATO A LA INFORMACIÓN, EXISTIENDO TODAVÍA UNA IMPORTANTE BRECHA A SER CUBIERTA POR LAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS. A NUESTRO JUICIO ES URGENTE CONTAR CON UNA ESTRATEGIA DE DESARROLLO TECNOLÓGICO QUE ACORTE LA BRECHA CON LOS PAÍSES QUE SE ENCUENTRAN EN UNA ETAPA MÁS AVANZADA.

THIS PAPER SEEKS TO IDENTIFY HOW MUCH THE FORESTRY COMPANIES ARE CONNECTED WITH NETWORKS IN THE TERRITORY, AS WELL AS WITH BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, SOCIAL AND PUBLIC SECTOR FROM A REGIONS AND COMMUNITIES LEVEL AND FROM A CERTAIN BUSINESS PRACTICES. THE STUDY IS BASED FROM THE RESULTS GENERATED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A SURVEY OF 55 FOREST PLANTS IN THE SOUTH CENTRAL CHILE, COVERING 71% OF THE TOTAL CENSUS, IS PERFORMED PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF DATA AND A BINARY LOGISTIC REGRESSION TO IDENTIFY BUSINESS PRACTICES WITH THE GREATEST POTENTIAL LINKS. THE RESULTS SEEK TO PROVIDE BACKGROUND INFORMATION THAT ORIENTATE BETTER THE PUBLIC POLICIES IN THE TERRITORY.