THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER FOR THE SUBSISTENCE PURPOSES OF ORGANISMS ON THE PLANET IS VITAL. AS A RESULT OF WRONG PATTERNS CONSUMPTION, RENEWABLE AND NON-RENEWABLE NATURAL RESOURCES OVERHARVESTING SUCH LARGE-SCALE FOOD PRODUCTION , HAVE GENERATED A NUMBER OF DRAWBACKS IN TERMS OF WATER SCARCITY AND LANDSCAPE EMPORISHMEN. THIS , ADDED TO THE INCREASING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS, REPRESENTS AN ACTUAL CRITICAL SCENARIO AND A CRUCIAL EDUCATIONAL CHALLENGE FOR NEW GENERATIONS. IT IS IMPORTANT TO REMIND THAT ONLY 2.5% OF THE WATER OF PLANET EARTH IS FRESHWATER. THIS PERCENTAGE CAN BE FOUND CONCENTRATED IN GROUNDWATER, GLACIERS AND POLAR ICE CAPS; LEAVING ONLY 1,3% REMAINING ON SUPERFICIAL SWEETWATER, THIS MEANS IN LAKES, RIVERS AND STREAMS, THOSE NATURAL VALIUS FONTAINS ONES THAT UNFORTUNATELY ARE IN A INCREASING AND ALARMING SCARCITY (HOEKSTRA AND MESFIN, 2012). ONE OF THE AREAS WITH HIGHEST RATE OF DEMAND FOR HYDRIC RESOURCES IS THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR. ACCORDING TO THE WORLD FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION (FAO, 2020), THIS SECTOR WILL FACE AN ENORMOUS CHALLENGE IN ORDER TO FEED AN EXPONENTIAL NUMBER OF PEOPLE EXPECTED IN THE NEAR FUTURE. FOR THAT UNCERTAIN SCENARIO, FOOD PRODUCTION SHOULD INCREASE BY APPROXIMATELY 70%. UNFORTUNATELY, THIS ALARMING SITUATION IS PROJECTED REGARDLESS OF LIMITED LAND AVAILABILITY AND INCREMENTAL FRESHWATER SCARCITY. THE CONCEPT OF SMART FARMING REPRESENTS AN ALTERNATIVE THAT COMBINES ANCESTRAL KNOWLEDGE AND NEW MONITORING AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES IN TERMS OF FOOD PRODUCTION WITH LOW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT.VERTICAL GARDENS, HYDROPONICS AND AEROPONICS ARE TECHNIQUES IN FOOD CULTIVATION WITH A HIGH LEVEL OF INNOVATION AND A GREAT POSSIBILITY OF ADAPTABILITY TO THE DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PLACE. IN THIS REGARD, AQUAPONIC SYSTEMS REPRESENT A MORE SUSTAINABLE WAY OF OPTIMIZING WATER RESOURCES. THIS DUE TO THE ABILITY TO COMBINE IN A MORE SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AQUATIC SPECIES AND PLANTS. BIOMA-LAB, IS A PROJECT DEVELOPED BY THE DESI

THE WORK DEVELOPED BY AN INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM OF PROFESSIONALS FROM THE BIOBÍO REGION OF CHILE, IN THE CONTEXT OF A GLOBAL HEALTH EMERGENCY CAUSED BY THE SARS-COV-2 VIRUS IS PRESENTED. THE OBJECTIVE WAS TO DESIGN, MANUFACTURE AND DISTRIBUTE A FACIAL BARRIER IN RESPONSE TO THE LACK OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) IN THE HEALTH SECTOR. THE PERIODS OF CONFINEMENT RESULTED IN DIFFICULTIES IN ACCESSING ESSENTIAL PPE, DUE TO TRANSPORT LOGISTICS ALTERATIONS AND INCREASED DEMAND. TO DELIVER SOLUTIONS, THE COORDINATED ACTION OF PROFESSIONALS, TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITIES AND AVAILABLE MATERIALS WAS ESSENTIAL. THE METHODOLOGY ADDRESSES STAGES OF IDENTIFICATION OF NEEDS FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL COMFORT OF HEALTH PERSONNEL, BASED ON THEIR EXPERIENCE OF USING FACIAL BARRIERS; IDENTIFICATION OF NATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR PPE; IDENTIFICATION OF THE MATERIAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESOURCES AVAILABLE IN THE REGION FOR THE DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF FACIAL BARRIERS; IDEATION PROCESS IN THE DESIGN RESEARCH LABORATORY OF THE UNIVERSIDAD DEL BÍO-BÍO; VALIDATION WITH USERS; LABORATORY VALIDATION; DISINFECTION AND DISTRIBUTION. THE RESULTS SHOW ASPECTS OF USER PERCEPTION WITH RESPECT TO TWO PROTOTYPES. RESULTS OF LABORATORY TESTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH CURRENT REGULATIONS CONTRIBUTE TO KNOW THE PROTECTION BENEFITS OF THE FINAL PROPOSAL. THE DISCUSSION REFERS TO THE INTERDISCIPLINARY CONTRIBUTION, THE INTEGRATION OF THE USER IN THE DESIGN PROCESS AND A PROSPECTIVE APPROACH. THE CONCLUSIONS PRESENT A REFLECTION ON THE EXPERIENCE DEVELOPED TO DELIVER EFFECTIVE RESPONSES IN COMPLEX TIMES.

THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES THE THREE DISCIPLINES JOINT WORK TO INCREASE SMES COMPETITIVENES, BY INCORPORATING NON-TRADITIONAL INNOVATION FACTORS AS PART OF INNOVA BÍO-BÍO PILOT EXPERIENCE, THE AGENCY OF TECHNOLOGY OF BÍO BÍO REGION IN CHILE WHICH OFFERS PUBLIC PILOT PROGRAMS TO UNIVERSITIES, WHERE 45 STUDENTS FROM THREE DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES, INDUSTRIAL DESIGN, INDUSTRIAL CIVIL ENGINEERING AND COMMERCIAL ENGINEERING, WILL CONDUCT INNOVATION AND DESIGN FOR 15 SMALL AND MEDIUM MULTISECTOR ENTERPRISES (SMES). STUDENTS WERE ARRANGED INTO INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM INCLUDING ONE STUDENT FROM EACH DISCIPLINE, WHO WERE TRAINED IN MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES OF DESIGN AND INNOVATION FOR MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF EVERY DISCIPLINE SKILLS AND EXPLORE THE CONTRIBUTION OF EACH ONE TO THE BUSINESS CASE ASSIGNED. METHODOLOGY INCLUDES JOINT TRAINING PHASES FOR BUSINESSMEN AND STUDENTS, WHO ARE LED BY INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM LEADING PROJECT AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERTS. THE INTERDISCIPLINARY EXPERIENCE HAS ENABLED DESIGNING INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS FAVORING CREDIBILITY BY EMPLOYERS. TYPES OF PRODUCTS DEVELOPED HAS COVERED BOTH PLACING IN THE MARKET MANAGED AND PRODUCED PRODUCTS BY COMPANIES, ALLOWING RENEW OFFER, AS WELL AS ENABLED THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PRODUCTS, WHICH HAVE IMPROVED PRODUCTION PROCESSES OF SMES INVOLVED. PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF FONDECYT NO.11130394 RESEARCH PROJECT, FUNDED BY NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COMMISSION OF CHILE, IS PRESENTED TO SET AN EXAMPLE ABOUT THEIR IMPACT ON COMPANIES OF WOOD BOARDS. THIS PROJECT WAS DEVELOPED WITH THE COLLABORATION OF THREE LAST YEAR INDUSTRIAL DESIGN STUDENTS AND INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM OF EXPERTS FORMED BY INDUSTRIAL DESIGNERS AND PSYCHOLOGIST.

THE MANUSCRIPT PRESENTS ADVANCES IN RESEARCH LINKED TO THE SEARCH FOR NEW VISUAL ATTRIBUTES FOR PINUS RADIATA PARTICLE BOARDS AND WHITE COATING WITH MELAMINE RESIN. THIS PRODUCT IS THE ONE IN GREATEST DEMAND IN THE CHILEAN NATIONAL MAR KET. THE OBJECTIVE IS TO DESIGN VISUAL TEXTURES FOR PINUS RADIATA BOARD SURFACES, MAINTAINING THE NEUTRALITY OF WHITE. THE DESIGN METHODOLOGY INCORPORATES BIONICS AT A VISUAL ANALOG LEVEL AND KANSEI ENGINEERING (KE), TO KNOW THE EMOTIONS PERCEIVED BY USERS REGARDING THE NEW PROPOSALS. THE IDEATION PROCESS USES DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF NATURAL REFERENCES, WHICH ARE USED AS A BASIS FOR THE DESIGN OF THE TEXTURES OF THE PINUS RADIATA BOARDS. THE CONCLUSIONS ASSESS THE METHOD OLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE FIELD OF BIONICS AND KE, TO COM PLEMENT THE DESIGN PROCESS. THE RESULTS ARE TWO PROTOTYPES OF NEW WHITE-BASED TEXTURES, DULY STUDIED FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF USER ACCEPTANCE.

THE DIFFICULTIES OF ENTREPRENEURS TO ACCESS EDUCATION, DUE TO THE LACK OF OPPORTUNITIES AND ECONOMIC RESTRICTIONS, HINDER THEIR ACCESS TO KNOWLEDGE OF NEW PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES THAT OPTIMIZE THEIR PROCESSES AND ENHANCE THEIR PRODUCTS, LEAVING THEM AT A COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGE COMPARED TO THEIR COMPETITORS. ONE OF THE DIAGNOSED WEAKNESSES IS THE LACK OF KNOWLEDGE TO IMPLEMENT CURRENT MANUFACTURING PROCESSES THAT PROVIDE BETTER RESULTS, GREATER EFFICIENCY AND COMPETITIVE MANUFACTURING COSTS. THE PROJECT DEVELOPED WITH PUBLIC FUNDS BY THE UNIVERSITY OF BÍO-BÍO, CHILE, AIMS TO TRAIN NINETEEN WOMEN LEADERS OF CREATIVE ENTERPRISES IN THE FASHION SECTOR, THROUGH WORKSHOPS IN THE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES LABORATORY. THE COLLABORATIVE WORK BETWEEN FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS AND DESIGNER MENTORS WHO ARE EXPERTS IN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, LEADS THE REDESIGN OF PRODUCTS CURRENTLY IN COMMERCIALIZATION, TOWARDS A PRODUCTIVE REDEFINITION TO OBTAIN BETTER RESULTS, OPTIMIZE PRODUCTION TIMES AND STANDARDIZED PROCESSES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SMALL SERIES. THE ENTREPRENEURS LEARN THE POTENTIAL OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRODUCT DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE; RECEIVED TRAINING IN THE USE OF DESIGN SOFTWARE, 3D PRINTERS AND LASER CUTTERS. THEY LEARNED TO DETERMINE MANUFACTURING TIMES AND COSTS BY EXERCISING IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PRODUCTIVE INNOVATION. THEIR CREATIVE ABILITIES ARE COMPLEMENTED BY LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES THAT LEAD TO THE REALIZATION OF PRODUCTS WITH BETTER RESULTS AND, THEREFORE, WITH BETTER POSSIBILITIES OF POSITIONING IN THE MARKETS. TRAINING IN PLANNING THE INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IS ESSENTIAL TO COMPLEMENT THE FUNCTIONALITY ISSUES INTEGRATED INTO THE PRODUCTION PROCESS. THE METHODOLOGY HAS FIVE STAGES: DIAGNOSIS OF PRODUCTS AND PRODUCTION PROCESSES; SELECTION OF A PRODUCT AS A CASE STUDY; TRAINING IN THE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES LABO

THIS RESEARCH HAD THE OBJECTIVE TO KNOW THE EMOTIONAL PERCEPTION OF DESIGNERS ABOUT THE FIVE MOST SOLD COMMERCIAL WOODS IN CHILE, TO ESTABLISH CONCLUSIONS REFERRED TO PERCEIVED QUALITY. THE STUDY SEEKS TO ASSESS COMPARATIVE AND HIERARCHICAL PREFERENTIAL VALUATIONS AMONG SPECIES AND LEARN ABOUT RELEVANT VISUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WOOD WITH INFLUENCE IN USER SATISFACTION. USUALLY, THE ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR AESTHETIC APPLICATIONS IS FOCUSED ON THE DESIGNER, ASSIGNING HIM/HER THE TASK OF MAKING DECISIONS TO DEVISE SPATIAL CONFIGURATIONS DESIGNED TO MEET END USERS REQUIREMENTS, WHO ARE MAKING USE OF THESE FACILITIES. THROUGH THIS STUDY, THE DESIGNER ACQUIRES NEW USEFUL INFORMATION TO ASSESS EMOTIONS THE LIVING SPACE COULD CAUSE IN FUTURE OCCUPANTS, BASED ON THE USE OF WOOD SPECIES. THE METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATION FOCUSES ON KANSEI ENGINEERING APPLICATION, A DISCIPLINE RESPONSIBLE OF ESTABLISHING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE EMOTIONS THAT A GIVEN STIMULUS GENERATES IN HUMAN BEINGS, IN THIS CASE, THE PRESENCE OF WOOD. THE STUDY WAS CARRIED OUT ON AN INTENTIONAL NON-PROBABILISTIC SAMPLE OF EXPERTS FROM THE DESIGN AREA, USING SURVEY WITH QUANTIFIABLE OPTIONS AND STRUCTURED QUESTIONS ACCORDING TO SEMANTIC AXES. AS RESULT, THE ANSWERS OBTAINED WERE REFERRED TO WOOD VALUATIONS AND A DATA COLLECTION METHOD THAT CAN BE EXTRAPOLATED TO STUDIES RELATED TO OTHER TYPES OF COMMERCIAL WOOD WAS GENERATED. THE SPECIFIC CONCLUSION IS THAT DARK, KNOTLESS WOODS ARE BETTER VALUED EMOTIONALLY BY USERS.

THIS ARTICLE REFERS TO PRACTICAL RESEARCH CARRIED OUT IN MATERIALS DESIGN MANAGEMENT IN THE BIÓ-BIÓ REGION, CHILE, TAKING AS STUDY CASE ONE OF THE MOST REPRESENTATIVE LARGE COMPANIES IN THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR OF PINUS RADIATA BOARDS. THE DESIGN OF MATERIALS IS UNDERSTOOD AS AN ACTIVITY TYPICAL OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGN, BUT WHICH CAN BE TREATED INDEPENDENTLY FROM THE FINAL PRODUCT GENERATION. THE EXISTING OFFER IN THIS SECTOR IS LIMITED AND RESPONDS TO STRUCTURAL SOLUTIONS WITH GREAT AESTHETIC WEAKNESSES AND WITHOUT VISUAL DIFFERENTIATION OF DIRECT COMPETITION. THE METHODOLOGY DEVELOPED BASED ON THIS RESEARCH CONSISTS OF NEW PROPOSALS OF SURFACE FINISHES FOR EXISEXISTENTES TING SUBSTRATES, INCORPORATING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS METHODS OF AFFECTIVE ENGINEERING TO UNDERSTAND EMOTIONS OF USERS REGARDING NEW PROPOSALS. RESULTS ARE VISIBLE IN SURFACE APPEARANCE OF COMMERCIALLY APPROVED BOARDS, NOT BEING INVOLVED IN THE SUBSTRATES. TECHNOLOGIES USED CORRESPOND TO GRAPHIC RESOURCES FROM THE WORLD OF PRINTING, APPLIED TO MELAMINE FOLIOS, AND COMPUTER CONTROLLED MACHINING. THESE TECHNOLOGIES HAVE MINIMUM IMPACT ON PRODUCTION PROCESSES AND REPRESENT A LIMITED INVESTMENT BY COMPANIES. THE CONCLUSIONS AIM TO OVERCOME BARRIERS OF INNOVATION STRATEGIES SO AS TO PROMOTE CHANGES TO FURTHER BOOST THE COMPANY COMPETITIVENESS.

SMART WINDOWS DESIGN: INTERDISCIPLINARY AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION EXPERIENCE INTEGRATING GRADUATE STUDENTS TO THE IDEATION PROCESS AND USERS STUDIES J. ALARCÓN1, H. AGUILAR2, P. SÁNCHEZ-FRIERA3, J. GOMES2, G. ORMEÑO1 1UNIVERSIDAD DEL BÍO-BÍO (CHILE) 2CENTI (PORTUGAL) 3PRODINTEC (SPAIN) ABSTRACT THIS ARTICLE DESCRIBES INTERDISCIPLINARY CONTRIBUTIONS CARRIED OUT BY TEAM OF RESEARCHERS AND UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE STUDENTS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROJECT SMART WINDOWS FOR ZERO CARBON ENERGY BUILDINGS AWARDED WITH NET LAC FUNDS, AND IMPLEMENTED BY CONSORTIUM OF PARTNERS FROM EUROPE AND LAC REGIONS. IT IS FOCUSED ON SMART WINDOW INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING IDEATION PHASE AND USER STUDIES. DISCIPLINES COLLABORATING ARE INDUSTRIAL DESIGN, MULTIMEDIA DESIGN, ARCHITECTURE, ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING. THIS PROCESS IS BASED ON THE DESIGN OF A PRODUCT CAPABLE OF HARMONIOUSLY INTEGRATION TO EXISTING BUILDINGS OR NEW ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS. ISSUES OBSERVED HAVE BEEN THE DESIGN OF A WINDOW UNDER MECHANICAL AND USABILITY POINT OF VIEW, INCLUDING STUDIES OF USERS TO KNOW ABOUT WHAT PEOPLE UNDERSTAND AS A SMART WINDOW, OBSERVING APPEARANCE AND OPERATION ACCORDING TO VARIOUS AUTONOMY POSSIBILITIES. ACCORDINGLY, COLLABORATION OF UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE STUDENTS OF INDUSTRIAL AND MULTIMEDIA DESIGN HAS BEEN ESSENTIAL TO DEVELOP VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING, BOTH IN BUILDINGS AND WINDOW PROPOSALS AS RELEVANT PART OF DESIGNED TOOLS FOR INTERVIEWS AND FOCUS GROUP. VIRTUAL REALITY SOFTWARE AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES HAVE BEEN USED, SUCH AS PRINTING AND 3D SCANNING FOR IDEATION PROCESSES, ALL OPERATED BY STUDENTS SPECIALLY TRAINED FOR THIS EXPERIENCE.