IN THE YEAR 2000, UNESCO INCLUDED SIXTEEN CHURCHES OF CHILOE?S ARCHIPELAGO IN THE WORLD HERITAGE LIST. THEY REPRESENT AN OUTSTANDING EXAMPLE OF RELIGIOUS ARCHITECTURE WHICH REPRESENTS A CONSTRUCTIVE TRADITION, NAMED ESCUELA CHILOTA DE ARQUITECTURA. THIS TRADITION WAS INTRODUCED BY JESUIT MISSIONARIES ALONG XVIITH AND XVIITH CENTURIES AND IT WAS FOLLOWED BY FRANCISCANS IN THE XIXTH CENTURY . THESE CHURCHES EXPRESS CHILOE´S CULTURAL RICHNESS, BASED ON A SUCCESSFUL MIXTURE OF INDIGENOUS AND EUROPEAN CULTURES WHICH STILL PREVAILS. FURTHERMORE, THEY CONSTITUTE A SINGULAR EXAMPLE OF LANDSCAPE AND ARCHITECTURE INTEGRATION. GEOGRAPHICAL STRUCTURE AND CULTURAL CONSTRUCTIONS COMBINE IN CHILOE?S LANDSCAPES. THESE CONSTRUCTIONS RELATE TO THE HISTORY OF CHILE?S COLONIZATION, INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, MISSIONARIES AND SOUTH PACIFIC NAVIGATION. THIS ARTICLE FOCUSES ON CHILOE?S CHURCHES AS ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF A UNIQUE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE. IT IS THE OUTCOME OF AN ADAPTIVE PROCESS TO A COMPLEX, FAR-OFF TERRITORY AND A SINGULAR COLONIZATION MODALITY BASED ON MISSIONAL PILGRIMAGE. UNFORTUNATELY, THE SCALE OF DIFFERENT CONTEMPORARY INTERVENTIONS AND URBAN PROCESSES ARE AFFECTING CHILOE?S LANDSCAPE, WEAKENING THE IMPORTANCE OF CHURCHES AS KEY COMPONENTS OF LANDSCAPE.

HE EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI OF MAY 24, 1751 DEVASTATED LA CONCEPCIÓN, LOCATED IN PRESENT-DAY PENCO. THIS EVENT LED THE AUTHORITIES TO TRANSFER THE CITY TO ITS CURRENT LOCATION. TO WHAT EXTENT WAS GEOGRAPHY DECISIVE IN THE SELECTION OF THE NEW SITE? HOW HAS IT BEEN TRANSFORMED SUBSEQUENTLY? THIS ARTICLE AIMS AT ANSWERING THESE QUESTIONS AND REVEALS THE GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE LOCATION, POSITION, AND SHAPE OF THE NEW PLAN. THE TERRITORY?S TRANSFORMATIVE PROCESS THAT WILL LEAD TO THE CURRENT LANDSCAPE IS EXPLAINED, SUGGESTING A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE HISTORICAL CARTOGRAPHY AS A WORKING METHOD, LOOKING AT NATURAL RESOURCES AND RISKS, PROPERTY STRUCTURE, CLIMATE, AND OTHER GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED THE SELECTION OF THE SITE.

THE EXPLORATION ENDEAVORS BY NAVIGATORS, SOLDIERS AND MISSIONARIES WHO WERE PART OF THE SPANIARD COLONY AND CONQUEST COMPANIES THAT ARRIVED IN LA ARAUCANÍA RESULTED IN A CARTOGRAPHY THAT ATTEMPTED TO IDENTIFY RESOURCES, ESTABLISH DEFENSES AND CONTROL KEY POINTS IN THE AREA. THIS WORK IS AIMED AT EXPLAINING THE PROCESS OF BUILDING A DOMAIN-BASED IMAGE OF THE TERRITORY, DEVELOPED SINCE THE ARRIVAL OF THE SPANIARDS UNTIL THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BIOBÍO BORDER, IN 1646. THE METHODOLOGY IS MAINLY FOCUSED ON STUDYING HISTORICAL MAPS AND CONSISTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TOPOGRAPHIC AND ICONOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF CARTOGRAPHY, IN ADDITION TO A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ABOUT THE HISTORIOGRAPHICAL ISSUES THAT EMERGED, AS WELL AS THE DISCOVERY OF MAPS AND CHARTS THAT HAVE BEEN POORLY DISSEMINATED OR NOT DESCRIBED BEFORE. © 2019 UNIVERSIDAD AUSTRAL DE CHILE.

A PARTIR DEL ANÁLISIS DEL CASO DEL SECTOR NONGUÉN EN EL ÁREA METROPOLITANA DE CONCEPCIÓN, CHILE, SE DESARROLLA UNA REFLEXIÓN EXPLORATORIA ENFOCADA EN IDENTIFICAR DESAFÍOS PARA LA GOBERNANZA TERRITORIAL DE ESPACIOS PERIURBANOS DE METROPOLIZACIÓN RECIENTE, BASADA EN LAS TEMÁTICAS QUE SURGEN COMO DIAGNÓSTICO EN EL DIÁLOGO CON LOS ACTORES LOCALES ORGANIZADOS IMPLICADOS EN DICHA GOBERNANZA. SE UTILIZA UNA METODOLOGÍA CUALITATIVA. LOS DATOS PROVIENEN DE 9 INFORMES DE DISCUSIONES GRUPALES DE UNA JORNADA REALIZADA CON DIRIGENTES VECINALES DEL SECTOR. SE APLICÓ ANÁLISIS DE CONTENIDO, USANDO EL SOFTWARE ATLAS.TI. LOS RESULTADOS MUESTRAN QUE LA INCORPORACIÓN A LA METRÓPOLI GENERA, ENTRE OTRAS CUESTIONES, PÉRDIDA DE VIDA COMUNITARIA Y DEL ESTILO DE VIDA ASOCIADO A LO RURAL. EMERGE EL DESAFÍO DE MANTENER LO VALORABLE DE LO RURAL, AL TIEMPO QUE SE AVANZA EN LA URBANIZACIÓN. DESTACA LA NECESIDAD DE AUMENTAR EL PODER VECINAL EN LA DETERMINACIÓN DEL DEVENIR DEL ESPACIO EN QUE SE HABITA Y DE REGULAR EL DESARROLLO INMOBILIARIO.

LA SIDERÚRGICA HUACHIPATO EN LA BAHÍA DE SAN VICENTE, TALCAHUANO, SE PONE EN MARCHA A MEDIADOS DEL SIGLO XX COMO INICIATIVA ESTATAL (PERSONIFICADA EN CORFO) PARA CREAR UN CENTRO DE PRODUCCIÓN NACIONAL EN LA ZONA DEL BIOBÍO E IMPULSAR EL DESARROLLO ECONÓMICO Y SOCIAL, EN RESPUESTA A LA CRISIS DE 1930 Y EL TERREMOTO DE CHILLAN OCURRIDO EN 1939. DENTRO DE LAS PRIMERA

LA MATERIALIZACIÓN DE PROYECTOS CON FINES PEDAGÓGICOS TIENE UNA LARGA TRADICIÓN EN LAS ESCUELAS DE ARQUITECTURA. EN CHILE, ESTAS EXPERIENCIAS SE REMONTAN A LA CREACIÓN DE LA CIUDAD ABIERTA DE LA PUCV EN 1970 EN VALPARAÍSO. EL PRESENTE ARTÍCULO INTRODUCE LA EXPERIENCIA DEL TALLER DE BARRIOS IMPLEMENTADO EN LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL BÍO-BÍO, FRUTO DE UNA ALIANZA TRIPARTITA ENTRE ACADEMIA, GOBIERNO REGIONAL Y SOCIEDAD CIVIL. EL OBJETIVO CENTRAL DE ESTA INICIATIVA CONSISTE EN DEVOLVERLE SENTIDO A LA FORMACIÓN DE ARQUITECTOS POR MEDIO DEL DESARROLLO DE VOCACIÓN DE SERVICIO EN EL ESTUDIANTE, PERTINENCIA PROYECTUAL EN EL PROCESO DE DISEÑO Y VINCULACIÓN BIDIRECCIONAL DE LA UNIVERSIDAD CON EL MEDIO. EN ESTE CONTEXTO, PRESENTAMOS DOS EXPERIENCIAS DE MICROPROYECTOS: LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN HUERTO VERTICAL EN EL CONTEXTO DE PROGRAMA DE MEJORA BARRIAL DEL BARRIO BELLAVISTA EN TOMÉ Y EL DESARROLLO DE CATORCE VARIACIONES DE UN PROTOTIPO DE RECINTO COMPLEMENTARIO CON FINES PRODUCTIVOS EN EL SECTOR AGROALFARERO DE QUINCHAMALÍ.

UNAUTHORISED ACTIVITIES, SOMETIMES CALLED INFORMAL ACTIVITIES, HAVE LONG BEEN PART OF URBAN LIFE. ALTHOUGH THERE IS A WIDE RANGE OF STUDIES FOCUSING ON URBAN INFORMALITY USING DIFFERENT APPROACHES, ITS SPATIAL PRODUCTION IS STILL RELATIVELY UNDEREXAMINED. THIS PAPER EXPLORES TYPOLOGICAL VARIATIONS OF PRODUCED PUBLIC SPACES AND THEIR RELATION TO THE URBAN CONTEXT. USING A QUANTITATIVE APPROACH AND DRAWING ON EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM PIURA, PERU, IT CONSIDERS MORPHOLOGICAL PATTERNS AS AN ANALYTICAL KEY. THUS, THE TYPE IS TAKEN AS A TOOL FOR INTERPRETING THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN ELEMENTS THAT MAKE UP A SPACE, DEMONSTRATING HOW RESIDENTS SHAPE THEIR PUBLIC ENVIRONMENTS. DIRECT OBSERVATION AND URBAN MAPPING WERE THE KEY RESEARCH METHODS. A DATASET OF 496 PRODUCED SPACES ALLOWED THE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT PARAMETERS AND VARIATIONS OF EACH SPACE. AS A RESULT, TEN TYPES THAT DEMONSTRATE DIFFERENT MODES OR PROCESSES OF INFORMAL SPACE PRODUCTION WERE IDENTIFIED. THE FINDINGS CONTRIBUTE TO THE GROWING INTEREST FROM DIFFERENT AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE THAT, UNTIL NOW, HAVE BEEN DISCUSSED SEPARATELY, NAMELY THE TYPOLOGIES OF PRODUCED PUBLIC SPACE AND THE FIELD OF URBAN INFORMALITY RESEARCH.

SINCE THE 1990S DIFFERENT AUTHORS HAVE BEEN ADVOCATING FOR THE RECOGNITION OF MINING LEGACY AS A PARTICULAR TYPE OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE. HOWEVER, LITTLE PROGRESS HAS BEEN MADE IN ITS SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE GENERATED LANDSCAPE. FOCUSING ON THE MINING SETTLEMENT OF LOTA, IN SOUTHERN CHILE, THE ARTICLE ANALYZES THE IMPORTANCE OF MINING ACTIVITY (DURING THE NINETEENTH AND THE FIRST HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY) IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE AND PROPOSES A METHODOLOGY AIMING AT THE IDENTIFICATION OF BOTH ITS VISUAL QUALITIES AND PROCESSES OF URBAN CHANGE. THE MAIN TOOLS OF THE METHOD ARE THE FOLLOWING: FIRSTLY, TO COMPARE THE HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY LANDSCAPE THROUGH REPHOTOGRAPHY AND IMAGE PROCESSING USING PHOTOSHOP. SECONDLY, TO LINK THIS VISUAL APPROACH TO A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS). INITIAL RESULTS INDICATE THAT THE METHOD IS A POWERFUL TOOL TO RECOVER WHAT VAN DER VALK CALLS THE ?LANDSCAPE?S BIOGRAPHY? (2014). THE PROPOSAL MOVES FROM A DISTANT, TWO-DIMENSIONAL APPROACH BASED ON MAPPING OR SATELLITE VIEWS TO ANOTHER ONE WHICH INCORPORATES THE LANDSCAPE?S VISUAL PERCEPTION. FINALLY, THE METHOD IS ESPECIALLY USEFUL TO STUDY POST-MINING TERRITORIES WHICH HAVE UNDERGONE IMPORTANT PROCESSES OF CHANGE AND URBAN DECAY. KEYWORDS: MINING LANDSCAPE, REPHOTOGRAPHY, VISUAL ANALYSIS.

RIVER SPACES IN URBAN AREAS HAVE UNDERGONE IMPORTANT TRANSFORMATIONS IN RECENT DECADES. IN THE LATIN AMERICAN CONTEXT THERE IS STILL LITTLE EVIDENCE ON THE CHARACTERISTICS AND IMPACTS OF THIS TRANSFORMATION, ESPECIALLY IN MEDIUM AND SMALL CITIES. THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO ANALYZE THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE FLUVIAL URBAN SPACE IN THE LAST CENTURY IN A MEDIUM-SCALE CITY TO DETERMINE ITS CAUSES AND EFFECTS ON SOCIAL CONNECTIVITY. THE CASE OF THE CITY OF VALDIVIA IN CHILE IS ANALYZED, IN ITS MOST REPRESENTATIVE FLUVIAL SPACE: THE RIVERBANK OF THE FOUNDATIONAL CENTER AND IN FRONT OF IT THE ISLA TEJA RIVERBANK METHODOLOGICALLY, A QUALITATIVE DIACHRONIC STUDY IS CARRIED OUT, BASED MAINLY ON CARTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION, SUPPORTED BY DOCUMENTARY INFORMATION, FOCUSING ON TWO VARIABLES OR CATEGORIES OF ANALYSIS: URBAN FORM AND ELEMENTS OF FLUVIAL CONNECTIVITY. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT VALDIVIA HAS UNDERGONE AN INTENSE TRANSFORMATION OF ITS FLUVIAL URBAN SPACE IN THE LAST CENTURY BECAUSE OF CATASTROPHIC EVENTS AND CULTURAL CHANGES. THIS IS A DISCONTINUOUS PROCESS THAT IS DIFFERENT FOR EACH RIVERBANK: ONE EDGE CONTINUOUSLY INCREASED ITS ARTIFICIAL SURFACE, GENERATING A CONNECTING PLATFORM RESILIENT TO CHANGES AND CATASTROPHES, WHILE THE OTHER WENT FROM AN ARTIFICIALIZATION PROCESS TO A BORDER WITH LITTLE INTERVENTION AND MINIMAL SOCIAL CONNECTIVITY. THE RESEARCH CONTRIBUTES TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE FLUVIAL URBAN SPACE IN THE LATIN AMERICAN CONTEXT, ALONG WITH PROVIDING ELEMENTS FOR THE DESIGN AND PLANNING OF URBAN RIVERBANKS.