PUPIL DILATION HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH THE EFFORT REQUIRED TO PERFORM VARIOUS COGNITIVE TASKS. AT THE LEXICAL LEVEL, SOME STUDIES SUGGEST THAT THIS NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURE WOULD PROVIDE OBJECTIVE, REAL-TIME INFORMATION DURING WORD PROCESSING AND LEXICAL ACCESS. HOWEVER, DUE TO THE SCARCITY AND INCIPIENT ADVANCEMENT OF THIS LINE OF RESEARCH, ITS APPLICABILITY, USE, AND SENSITIVITY ARE NOT ENTIRELY CLEAR. THIS SCOPING REVIEW AIMS TO DETERMINE THE APPLICABILITY AND USEFULNESS OF PUPILLOMETRY IN THE STUDY OF LEXICAL ACCESS BY PROVIDING AN UP-TO-DATE OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH IN THIS AREA. FOLLOWING THE PRISMA PROTOCOL,16 ARTICLES WERE INCLUDED IN THIS REVIEW. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT PUPILLOMETRY IS A HIGHLY APPLICABLE, USEFUL, AND SENSITIVE METHOD FOR ASSESSING LEXICAL SKILLS OF WORD RECOGNITION, WORD RETRIEVAL, AND SEMANTIC ACTIVATION. MOREOVER, IT EASILY FITS INTO TRADITIONAL RESEARCH PARADIGMS AND METHODS IN THE FIELD. BECAUSE IT IS A NON-INVASIVE, OBJECTIVE, AND AUTOMATED PROCEDURE, IT CAN BE APPLIED TO ANY POPULATION OR AGE GROUP. HOWEVER, THE EMERGING DEVELOPMENT OF THIS SPECIFIC AREA OF RESEARCH AND THE METHODOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OBSERVED IN THE INCLUDED STUDIES DO NOT YET ALLOW FOR DEFINITIVE CONCLUSIONS IN THIS AREA, WHICH IN TURN DOES NOT ALLOW FOR META-ANALYSES OR FULLY CONCLUSIVE STATEMENTS ABOUT WHAT THE PUPIL RESPONSE ACTUALLY REFLECTS WHEN PROCESSING WORDS. STANDARDIZED PUPILLARY RECORDING AND ANALYSIS METHODS NEED TO BE DEFINED TO GENERATE MORE ACCURATE, REPLICABLE RESEARCH DESIGNS WITH MORE RELIABLE RESULTS TO STRENGTHEN THIS LINE OF RESEARCH.

DYSARTHRIA ASSESSMENT TOOLS SHOULD BE TAILORED TO THE SPEECH CHARACTERISTICS AND IMPAIRMENTS. CURRENTLY, THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT TOOLS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, MAINLY PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR. HOWEVER, THIS SPEECH IMPAIRMENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOSS OF FUNCTIONALITY, LIMITATIONS IN ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING, AND RESTRICTION IN SOCIAL AND OCCUPATIONAL PARTICIPATION. THIS RESEARCH COMPARES THE ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES OF SEVERAL SPEECH ASSESSMENT TOOLS COMMONLY USED IN CLINICAL PRACTICE FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DYSARTHRIA IN CHILE AND WORLDWIDE. METHODS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS WAS CONDUCTED ON VARIOUS SPEECH ASSESSMENT TOOLS FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DYSARTHRIA. A PURPOSIVE SAMPLING WAS USED BASED ON THE RESEARCH CONDUCTED BY ALTAHER ET AL. RESULTS: THE CONTENT ANALYSIS SHOWS THAT ALL TOOLS HAVE PROCEDURES FOR ASSESSING SPEECH SUBSYSTEMS AND NON-SPEECH TASKS. HOWEVER, THE ASSESSMENT OF THE FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SPEECH, MAINLY CONSIDERING INTELLIGIBILITY, IS SCARCELY ADDRESSED. SOME TOOLS INCORPORATE TASKS THAT ASSESS DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF SPEECH, HIGHLIGHTING THAT THIS COMPLEMENTARY INFORMATION CAN BE RELEVANT TO THE DIAGNOSTIC PROCESS. CONCLUSIONS: THERE IS A LACK OF A STANDARDIZED SPEECH ASSESSMENT AND THE NEED TO INCORPORATE TASKS THAT ALLOW FOR FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT TO UNDERSTAND THE PERFORMANCE OF SUBSYSTEMS AND THE NEEDS OF INDIVIDUALS AND THEIR INTERLOCUTORS TO SET BASELINES.

SPEECH AND LANGUAGE THERAPIST SERVICES HAS BEEN EXTENSIVELY DESCRIBED. HOWEVER, IN CHILE THE EVOLUTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THESE SERVICES AT HOSPITAL LEVEL AND ESPECIALLY DURING THE LAST YEARS (PRE AND POST COVID-19) ARE UNKNOWN. THE EXPLORATION OF THESE DATA COULD CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIES AND DECISION MAKING AT THE LOCAL LEVEL. OBJECTIVE: TO DETERMINE THE EVOLUTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE THERAPIST SERVICES BETWEEN THE YEARS 2015-2022 IN A CHILEAN HIGH COMPLEXITY HOSPITAL. METHODS: BY MEANS OF A QUANTITATIVE, TRANSECTIONAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN, 96 DATABASES CORRESPONDING TO THE MONTHLY STATISTICAL RECORDS (REM) BETWEEN JANUARY 2015 AND DECEMBER 2022 WERE REVIEWED. THE VARIABLES ANALYZED WERE: NUMBER OF INITIAL AND INTERMEDIATE EVALUATIONS, HOSPITAL REHABILITATION SESSIONS, HOME REHABILITATION AND PROCEDURES-ACTIVITIES PERFORMED. RESULTS: AN OSCILLATING INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE THERAPIST SERVICES PERFORMED BETWEEN 2015-2022 WAS OBSERVED. PREFERENCE IS GIVEN TO HOSPITAL REHABILITATION SESSIONS (95,626 SERVICES) FOLLOWED BY INITIAL EVALUATIONS (11,550). BY SPECIFIC AREA, THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF BENEFITS WAS OBTAINED BY SWALLOWING REHABILITATION (22,594), WHILE INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP AUDITORY REHABILITATION ONLY PRESENTED 7 AND 11 RECORDS RESPECTIVELY. CONCLUSIONS: THE ANALYSIS OF THE REM EXHIBITS AN INCREMENTAL EVOLUTION OF THE REGISTRY OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE THERAPIST SERVICES, ESPECIALLY SINCE THE LAST THREE YEARS (2020 ONWARDS), THIS DESPITE THE FLUCTUATIONS OBSERVED DURING THE PREVIOUS YEARS (2015-2019). THIS INCREASE WOULD BE DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE INCREASE IN THE HIRING OF PROFESSIONALS, IMPROVEMENT OF SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT, INCORPORATION OF THE SPEECH THERAPIST TO PATHOLOGIES WITH EXPLICIT HEALTH GUARANTEES (GES) AND THE NEED FOR PROFESSIONAL STAFFING DUE TO THE COVID-19 CONTINGENCY.

INTRODUCTION. THE COMPLEXITY OF THE VOCAL PHENOMENON HINDERS THE THERAPISTS ABILITY TO QUICKLY AND EFFECTIVELY MONITOR THE ACHIEVEMENTS OBTAINED BY THE PATIENT THROUGH VOCAL INTERVENTION. THE ASSESSMENT OF THERAPEUTIC PROGRESS RELIES ON THE THERAPIST?S CAPABILITY TO UTILIZE VALID, RELIABLE, AND MEANINGFUL OUTCOME CRITERIA. AIM. DEVELOP A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF OUTCOME CRITERIA TO BE USED IN THE TREATMENT PLANS DESIGNED BY SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGISTS FOR PATIENTS WITH VOCAL COMPLAINTS. METHODOLOGY. QUALITATIVE, CONCEPTUAL, AND MODEL-TYPE RESEARCH IN WHICH A CRITICAL REVIEW IS CONDUCTED THROUGH A NON-PROBABILISTIC THEORETICAL SAMPLING OF THE THEORETICAL MODELS OF THERAPY TREATMENT PLANS, THE OUTCOME CRITERIA INVOLVED AND THEIR RELEVANCE TO VOICE INTERVENTION. BUILDING UPON THIS, A TAXONOMY OF OUTCOME CRITERIA IS PROPOSED FOR VERIFYING THERAPEUTIC PROGRESS IN VOICE THERAPY. RESULTS. A CONCEPTUAL OUTCOME CRITERIA FRAMEWORK IS PROPOSED. THIS MODEL INCORPORATES QUANTITATIVE, QUALITATIVE, AND MIXED CRITERIA TO MONITOR THE DIVERSE ASPECTS OF VOCAL FUNCTION IN THE CONTEXT OF VOICE INTERVENTION. CONCLUSION. THE MODEL PROVIDES A PRECISE GUIDE TO ASSESS THE RESULTS ACHIEVED BY THE PATIENT IN VOCAL INTERVENTION THROUGH TREATMENT GOALS.

LA CLASIFICACIÓN INTERNACIONAL DE FUNCIONAMIENTO, DISCAPACIDAD Y SALUD (CIF) INDICA QUE LA INTERVENCIÓN EN SALUD DEBE RESPONDER DE MANERA APROPIADA A LAS NECESIDADES PARTICULARES DE CADA USUARIO/A. ACTUALMENTE, NO SE CUENTA EN CHILE CON PAUTAS UNIFORMES PARA EL DISEÑO DE LA PLANIFICACIÓN TERAPÉUTICA. ESTA AUSENCIA DE ESTRUCTURA DE LA INTERVENCIÓN FONOAUDIOLÓGICA DIFICULTA LA COMUNICACIÓN ENTRE PROFESIONALES Y OBSTACULIZA UNA INTERVENCIÓN TERAPÉUTICA ADECUADA. EL OBJETIVO DEL PRESENTE TRABAJO ES PROPORCIONAR UN MARCO TEÓRICO-CONCEPTUAL QUE FACILITE LA PLANIFICACIÓN TERAPÉUTICA ESTRUCTURADA DE USUARIOS/AS ADULTOS/AS CON DIFICULTADES COMUNICATIVAS Y/O LINGÜÍSTICAS DE ORIGEN NEUROLÓGICO, CONSIDERANDO ESTÁNDARES INTERNACIONALES. SE REALIZA UNA REVISIÓN CRÍTICA CON UNA ESTRUCTURA NARRATIVA-CONCEPTUAL CON UN MUESTREO INTENCIONADO DE LAS PROPUESTAS TEÓRICAS ACTUALES. SE PROPONE UN CONJUNTO DE HERRAMIENTAS TEÓRICAS EN EL MARCO DEL MODELO DE LA CIF CON EL FIN DE FACILITAR EL TRABAJO DEL/LA FONOAUDIÓLOGO/A.

TO DETERMINE THE STRUCTURE OF TREATMENT GOALS SET BY EXPERT VOICE-SPECIALIZED SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGISTS IN TREATMENT PLANS FOR PATIENTS WITH VOCAL NEEDS. METHODS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL DOCUMENTARY RESEARCH WAS CONDUCTED TO ANALYZE 129 TREATMENT GOALS PROPOSED IN TREATMENT PLANS BY 30 EXPERT VOICE-SPECIALIZED SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGISTS. THESE GOALS WERE THEMATICALLY ANALYZED AND ORGANIZED ACCORDING TO THE THERAPEUTIC CONTENT ADDRESSED. THE GOALS INCLUDING THE NOTION OF PATIENT IN THEIR WORDING, THE STATEMENT OF A SPECIFIC PURPOSE, THE METHOD FOR ACHIEVING IT, AND THE PRESENCE OF OUTCOME CRITERIA, WERE EVALUATED. RESULTS: MOST TREATMENT GOALS ANALYZED CORRESPOND TO THOSE AIMED AT MODIFYING VOCAL PARAMETERS (67.4%). THE CONTENTS REFERRING TO MUSCLE TONE (13.8%), VOCAL HYGIENE AND EDUCATION (10%), BREATHING (7.75%), AND POSTURE (1.55%) ARE REPRESENTED TO A LESSER EXTENT. FROM THE TOTAL NUMBER OF TREATMENT GOALS ANALYZED, 82.17% INCLUDE THE NOTION OF PATIENT, 88.37% INDICATE THE METHOD, 100% INDICATE THE PURPOSE, 52.71% STATE THE OUTCOME CRITERIA USED, AND 17.05% INCLUDE OTHER COMPONENTS IN THEIR STRUCTURE. CONCLUSIONS: DIVERSITY IN GOAL SETTING SHOWS DIFFERENT VISIONS BY THE PROFESSIONALS INVOLVED IN THE THERAPEUTIC PROCESS.