THE RAPID DYNAMIC RESPONSES OF PREDICTIVE CONTROL ALGORITHMS ARE WIDELY ACKNOWLEDGED. HOWEVER, ACHIEVING ACCURATE STEADY-STATE REFERENCE TRACKING HINGES NOT JUST ON A PRECISE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE SYSTEM BUT ALSO ON ITS PARAMETERS. THIS DOCUMENT PRESENTS A PREDICTIVE CONTROL SCHEME AUGMENTED WITH INTEGRAL STATE FEEDBACK TAILORED TO A PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) APPLICATION. IN SCENARIOS WITH UNCERTAIN SYSTEM PARAMETERS, STEADY-STATE ERRORS CAN PARTICULARLY IMPACT REACTIVE POWER REGULATION, WHERE THE ABSENCE OF AN INTEGRAL TERM IN THE LOOP EXACERBATES THIS ISSUE. THE ROBUSTNESS AND SENSITIVITY OF BOTH PREDICTIVE CONTROL AND THE PROPOSED ENHANCED PREDICTIVE CONTROLLER ARE THOROUGHLY EXAMINED. SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ARE INCLUDED TO VALIDATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THIS APPROACH.

POWER SYSTEMS ARE COMPLEX AND OFTEN SUBJECT TO FAULTS, REQUIRING ACCURATE MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR A THOROUGH ANALYSIS. TRADITIONAL TIME-DOMAIN MODELS ARE EMPLOYED TO EVALUATE THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF POWER SYSTEM ELEMENTS DURING TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FAULTS. HOWEVER, ONLY THE POSITIVE SEQUENCE COMPONENTS ARE CONSIDERED FOR UNBALANCED FAULTS, SO THE SMALL-SIGNAL STABILITY ANALYSIS IS NO LONGER ACCURATE WHEN ASSUMING BALANCED CONDITIONS FOR ASYMMETRICAL FAULTS. THE DYNAMIC PHASOR APPROACH EXTENDS TRADITIONAL MODELS BY REPRESENTING SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES WITH HARMONIC SEQUENCE COMPONENTS, MAKING IT SUITABLE FOR AN UNBALANCED CONDITION ANALYSIS AND REVEALING DYNAMIC COUPLINGS NOT EVIDENT IN CONVENTIONAL METHODS. BY MODELING ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL EQUATIONS WITH HARMONIC SEQUENCE COMPONENTS, THE STUDY IMPLEMENTS AN EIGENVALUE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS AND PARTICIPATION FACTOR ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY THE VARIABLE WITH SIGNIFICANT PARTICIPATION IN THE CRITICAL MODES AND CONSEQUENTLY IN THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES DURING ASYMMETRIC FAULTS, THEREBY CONTROL STRATEGIES CAN BE PROPOSED TO IMPROVE SYSTEM STABILITY. THE ARTICLE VALIDATES THE DYNAMIC PHASOR MODEL THROUGH SIMULATIONS OF A SINGLE-PHASE SHORT CIRCUIT, DEMONSTRATING ITS ACCURACY AND EFFECTIVENESS IN REPRESENTING THE TRANSIENT AND DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES, AND CORRECTLY IDENTIFIES THE HARMONIC SEQUENCE COMPONENT WITH SIGNIFICANT PARTICIPATION IN THE CRITICAL MODES IDENTIFIED BY THE EIGENVALUE SENSITIVITY TO THE ROTOR ANGULAR VELOCITY AND ROTOR ANGLE.

IN RECENT YEARS, MICROGRID (MG) DEPLOYMENT HAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED, UTILIZING VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES. MGS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR INTEGRATING DISTRIBUTED GENERATION INTO ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS. THESE SYSTEMS? ECONOMIC DISPATCH (ED) AIMS TO MINIMIZE GENERATION COSTS WITHIN A SPECIFIC TIME INTERVAL WHILE MEETING POWER GENERATION CONSTRAINTS. BY EMPLOYING ED IN ELECTRIC MGS, THE UTILIZATION OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES BECOMES MORE FLEXIBLE, ENHANCING ENERGY SYSTEM EFFICIENCY. ADDITIONALLY, IT ENABLES THE ANTICIPATION AND PROPER UTILIZATION OF OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS AND ENCOURAGES THE ACTIVE INVOLVEMENT OF PROSUMERS IN THE ELECTRICITY MARKET. HOWEVER, IMPLEMENTING CONTROLLERS AND ALGORITHMS FOR OPTIMIZING ED REQUIRES THE INDEPENDENT HANDLING OF CONSTRAINTS. NUMEROUS ALGORITHMS AND SOLUTIONS HAVE BEEN PROPOSED FOR THE ED OF MGS. THESE CONTRIBUTIONS SUGGEST UTILIZING TECHNIQUES SUCH AS PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION (PSO), MIXED-INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING (MILP), CPLEX, AND MATLAB. THIS PAPER PRESENTS AN INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL (MPC) AS AN OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR MGS. MPC HAS PROVEN EFFECTIVE IN ED BY ALLOWING THE PREDICTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL OR DYNAMIC MODELS WITHIN THE SYSTEM. THIS STUDY AIMS TO REVIEW MGS? MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES, SPECIFICALLY FOCUSING ON MPC TECHNIQUES. IT ANALYZES HOW MPC HAS BEEN APPLIED TO OPTIMIZE ED WHILE CONSIDERING MGS? UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS AND REQUIREMENTS. THIS REVIEW AIMS TO ENHANCE THE UNDERSTANDING OF MPC?S ROLE IN EFFICIENT MG MANAGEMENT, GUIDING FUTURE RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS IN THIS FIELD.