THE IMPACT OF CENTRIFUGAL-FILTER ASSISTED BLOCK FREEZE CRYSTALLIZATION (CFBFC) ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT (TPC), TOTAL ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT (TAC), AND TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT (TFC), ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY (AA) AND PROCESS PARAMETERS APPLIED TO BLUEBERRY JUICE WAS STUDIED. ADDITIONALLY, CFBFC WAS CONTRASTED WITH GRAVITATIONAL BFC (GBFC) AND CENTRIFUGAL BFC (CBFC) TECHNIQUES. FOR CFBFC PROCESS, THE SOLUTES VALUES WERE ?35.9 °BRIX (FRESH JUICE ?13.8 °BRIX), WITH A VERY DARK RED/PURPLE COLOR. MOREOVER, THE BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS VALUES PRESENTED A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE OF 2.1, 2.0, 1.8, AND 3.1 TIMES COMPARED TO THE INITIAL TPC, TAC, TFC, AND AA VALUES, RESPECTIVELY, AND THESE VALUES WERE HIGHER THAN GBFC AND CBFC TECHNIQUES. FOR EFFICIENCY, PERCENTAGE OF CONCENTRATE, AND SOLUTE YIELD, CFBFC SHOWED VALUES CLOSE TO 86%, 81%, AND 0.9 (KG/KG), RESPECTIVELY, WHICH WERE HIGHER VALUES THAN GBFC (48%, 38%, AND 0.5 (KG/KG)) AND CBFC (79%, 68%, AND 0.7 (KG/KG)). THEREFORE, THIS RESEARCH OFFERS NEW BENEFITS WITH THE ADDITION OF THE FILTER IN THE CENTRIFUGAL BFC, AND THUS, CFBFC OFFERS AN ADVANTAGE DUE TO THE BETTER SEPARATION THAN GBFC AND CBFC, SINCE THE FILTER CAN BE DESIGNATED AS A SECOND SEPARATION STAGE, AND ONLY ONE CYCLE IS NECESSARY TO OBTAIN HIGH QUALITY PROPERTIES IN THE FINAL SOLUTION.

THIS RESEARCH AIMED TO COMPARE THE EFFECT OF THE BRINE-SALTING PROCESS WHEN APPLYING A MODERATE ELECTRIC FIELD (MEF) AND DURING CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT OF CHICKEN BREAST MUSCLES. CHICKEN BREASTS WERE CUT INTO CYLINDRICAL SHAPES, EITHER LONGITUDINALLY OR CROSS-SECTION ACCORDING TO MUSCLE FIBERS, WITH DIMENSIONS OF 2?×?3 CM2. SAMPLES WERE SUBMERGED IN MARINADE SOLUTIONS (SALT AND POLYPHOSPHATE-URN:X-WILEY:01458876:MEDIA:JFPE13455:JFPE13455-MATH-0001) AT CONCENTRATIONS OF 3, 5, AND 7% AT 4°C FOR 300?MIN OF PROCESSING. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT THE MASS TRANSFER OF CHLORIDE AND POLYPHOSPHATE IONS WAS BEST WITH THE 5% MARINADE IN COMBINATION WITH AN MEF, OBTAINING 0.20 XCL + URN:X-WILEY:01458876:MEDIA:JFPE13455:JFPE13455-MATH-0002 BY THE END OF THE PROCESSING TIME; FOR THE CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT, THE 7% CONCENTRATION IMPROVED THE MASS TRANSFER OF IONS IN THE TREATED SAMPLES COMPARED TO THAT OF THE OTHER CONVENTIONALLY MARINATED SAMPLES. IN TERMS OF THE LONGITUDINAL CUT, THE 3% CONCENTRATION COMBINED WITH AN MEF PRESENTED BETTER RESULTS THAN THOSE OF THE SAME CONCENTRATION USING THE CONVENTIONAL METHOD. HOWEVER, THE 7% AND 5% CONCENTRATIONS USING CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT EXHIBITED MASS TRANSFER VALUES OF 0.17XCL + URN:X-WILEY:01458876:MEDIA:JFPE13455:JFPE13455-MATH-0003 AND 0.08XCL + URN:X-WILEY:01458876:MEDIA:JFPE13455:JFPE13455-MATH-0004, RESPECTIVELY, IN THE FINAL SAMPLES.

THIS WORK STUDIED THE EFFECTS OF CENTRIFUGAL BLOCK FREEZE CRYSTALLIZATION (CBFC) ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS, TOTAL PHENOLIC COMPOUND CONTENT (TPCC), ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY (AA), AND PROCESS PARAMETERS APPLIED TO FRESH MURTA AND ARRAYAN JUICES. IN THE LAST CYCLE, FOR FRESH MURTA AND ARRAYAN JUICES, THE TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS) SHOWED VALUES CLOSE TO 48 AND 54 BRIX, AND TPCC EXHIBITED VALUES OF APPROXIMATELY 20 AND 66 MG GALLIC ACID EQUIVALENTS/100 GRAMS DRY MATTER (D.M.) FOR TOTAL POLYPHENOL CONTENT, 13 AND 25 MG CYANIDIN-3-GLUCOSIDE EQUIVALENTS/100 GRAMS D.M. FOR TOTAL ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT, AND 9 AND 17 MG QUERCETIN EQUIVALENTS/100 GRAMS D.M. FOR TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT, RESPECTIVELY. MOREOVER, THE TPCC RETENTION INDICATED VALUES OVER 78% FOR MURTA JUICE, AND 82% FOR ARRAYAN JUICE. SIMILARLY, THE AA PRESENTED AN INCREASE OVER 2.1 TIMES IN RELATION TO THE CORRESPONDENT INITIAL AA VALUE. THUS, THE PROCESS PARAMETERS VALUES WERE BETWEEN 69% AND 85% FOR EFFICIENCY, 70% AND 88% FOR PERCENTAGE OF CONCENTRATE, AND 0.72% AND 0.88 (KG SOLUTES/KG INITIAL SOLUTES) FOR SOLUTE YIELD. THEREFORE, THIS WORK PROVIDES INSIGHT ABOUT CBFC ON VALUABLE PROPERTIES IN FRESH PATAGONIAN BERRIES JUICES, FOR FUTURE APPLICATIONS IN HEALTH AND INDUSTRIAL SCALE.

THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE THE POTENTIAL OF FREEZE CRYSTALLIZATION (FC) AS CONCENTRATION TECHNOLOGY FOR POMEGRANATE JUICE. BY COMPARING WITH CONVENTIONAL THERMAL TREATMENT (EVAPORATION), THE EFFECT ON QUALITY PARAMETERS (PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, AND AROMATIC PROFILE) AT THREE CYCLES WAS INVESTIGATED. IN THE LAST CYCLE, THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT BOTH FC AND EVAPORATION TECHNOLOGIES, CONCENTRATE SIMILAR TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (?48 °BRIX). HOWEVER, FC MAINTAINED A COMPARABLE COLOR TO THE INITIAL SAMPLE (RED COLOR), WHILE THE EVAPORATED SAMPLES PRESENTED A BROWNING COLOR. FC EFFICIENTLY RETAINED HIGHER BIOACTIVE COMPOUND CONCENTRATION THAN HEAT TREATMENT (50 °C), WITH VALUES CLOSE TO 87%, 71%, 69% AND 67% FOR TOTAL POLYPHENOL, ANTHOCYANIN, TANNIN, AND FLAVONOID CONTENT, RESPECTIVELY. A SIMILAR BEHAVIOR, WITH HIGHEST VALUES IN FC, WAS OBSERVED IN THE ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY, SINCE FC RESULTED IN AN INCREASE OF 5.19, 5.12, 5.29 AND 4.05-FOLD VERSUS 3.11, 3.60, 3.87 AND 1.97-FOLD IN RELATION TO THE INITIAL VALUE, FOR 2,2-DIPHENYL-1-PICRYLHYDRAZYL (DPPH), 2,2?-AZINO-BIS(3-ETHYLBENZOTHIAZOLINE-6-SULFONIC ACID)) (ABTS), FERRIC REDUCING ANTIOXIDANT POWER (FRAP) AND OXYGEN RADICAL ABSORBANCE CAPACITY (ORAC) ASSAYS, RESPECTIVELY. IN AROMATIC PROFILE, FC ALLOWED PRESERVATION OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS FROM THE FRESH JUICE. INSTEAD, HEAT TREATMENT ONLY RETAINED 68% OF THE VOLATILES COMPONENTS PRESENT IN THE INITIAL SAMPLE. THEREFORE, COMPARED WITH EVAPORATION, OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT FC IS A POTENTIAL ALTERNATIVE AS NON-THERMAL TECHNOLOGY TO PRESERVE DIVERSE AND INTERESTING COMPONENTS FROM FRESH JUICE.

CRYOCONCENTRATION TECHNOLOGY PRODUCES HIGH-QUALITY CONCENTRATES THAT RETAIN VALUABLE COMPONENTS FOUND IN FRUIT JUICES, SUCH AS POLYPHENOLS. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF CENTRIFUGATION-ASSISTED BLOCK FREEZE CONCENTRATION UNDER DIFFERENT FREEZING CONDITIONS ON POLYPHENOL RETENTION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CRYOCONCENTRATED BLUEBERRY JUICE. AS THE CRYOCONCENTRATION CYCLES PROGRESSED, THE TOTAL POLYPHENOL AND MONOMER CONTENTS INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY, WHICH WAS REFLECTED IN THE HIGH RETENTION PERCENTAGE (OVER 70%). THE COLOR EVALUATION SHOWED THAT THE FINAL CONCENTRATE WAS DARKER THAN THE INITIAL SAMPLE (DECREASED L* AND ?E* > 12). BASED ON THE PROCESS PARAMETERS, ?20 °C/UNIDIRECTIONAL WAS THE BEST FREEZING CONDITION IN TERMS OF EFFICIENCY (60%), PERCENTAGE OF CONCENTRATE (71%) AND SOLUTE YIELD (0.78 KG SOLUTE/KG INITIAL). THEREFORE, CENTRIFUGAL CRYOCONCENTRATION OF BLUEBERRY JUICE WAS EFFECTIVE IN OBTAINING A CRYOCONCENTRATE WITH HIGH RETENTION OF POLYPHENOL MONOMERS, AS WELL AS NOTABLE VALUES IN TERMS OF SOLUTES, COLOR AND PROCESS PARAMETERS.

FRUITS ARE SOURCES OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS (BACS), SUCH AS POLYPHENOLS. THIS RESEARCH AIMED TO STUDY THE IN VITRO BIOACCESSIBILITY OF POLYPHENOLS FROM ENRICHED APPLE SNACKS WITH GRAPE JUICE AND DETERMINE THEIR ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY. IMPREGNATION (I) TREATMENTS WERE CARRIED OUT AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AND IN A VACUUM (IV) AT 30, 40, AND 50 °C AND THEIR COMBINATIONS WITH OHMIC HEATING (OH), I/OH, AND IV/OH. LATER, SAMPLES WERE DEHYDRATED BY FORCED CONVECTION AT 40, 50, AND 60 °C. ENRICHED SAMPLES WERE SUBJECTED TO IN VITRO DIGESTION. THE TOTAL POLYPHENOLS, MONOMERIC POLYPHENOLS, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES WERE DETERMINED FROM RECOVERED EXTRACTS. RESULTS SHOWED THAT TOTAL POLYPHENOLS PRESENT IN HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS IN THE GASTRIC PHASE, 271.85 ± 7.64 MG GAE/100 G D.M. MONOMERIC POLYPHENOLS BEHAVIOR DURING IN VITRO DIGESTION FOR THE VI/OH 50 °C AND DRIED TREATMENT (60 °C) WAS DESCENDING, MAINLY IN QUERCETIN, WHICH DECREASED BY 49.38% CONCERNING THE INITIAL CONCENTRATION, BEFORE DIGESTION. THE CYANIN, CATECHIN, EPICATECHIN, AND EPIGALLOCATECHIN DECREASED BY 26.66%, 20.71%, 23.38%, AND 21.73%, RESPECTIVELY. THEREFORE, BASED ON OBTAINED RESULTS, THE IV/OH 50 °C TREATMENT (DRIED 60 °C) IS THE BEST COMBINATION TO INCORPORATE POLYPHENOLS FROM GRAPE JUICE.

AVIAN SCHISTOSOMES ARE BLOOD FLUKES PARASITIZING AQUATIC BIRDS AND SNAILS, WHICH ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR A ZOONOTIC DISEASE KNOWN AS CERCARIAL DERMATITIS, A HYPERSENSITIVE REACTION ASSOCIATED TO THE CUTANEOUS PENETRATION OF FURCOCERCARIAE. DESPITE ITS WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION, ITS KNOWLEDGE IS FRAGMENTARY IN THE NEOTROPICS, WITH MOST OF DATA COMING FROM ARGENTINA AND BRAZIL. IN CHILE, THERE ARE ONLY TWO MENTIONS OF THESE PARASITES FROM BIRDS, AND ONE HUMAN OUTBREAK WAS ASSOCIATED TO THE GENUS ?TRICHOBILHARZIA?. HOWEVER, THE IDENTITY OF SUCH PARASITES IS PENDING. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO IDENTIFY THE FURCOCERCARIAE OF AVIAN SCHISTOSOMES FROM SOUTHERN CHILE USING AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH. THUS, A TOTAL OF 2283 FRESHWATER SNAILS FROM DIFFERENT FAMILIES WERE COLLECTED FROM THREE DIFFERENT REGIONS. ALL SNAILS WERE STIMULATED FOR THE SHEDDING OF FURCOCERCARIAE, BUT ONLY CHILINA DOMBEYANA (CHILINIDAE) FROM THE BIOBÍO REGION WAS FOUND TO BE PARASITIZED. THE MORPHOLOGY AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF 28S AND COI GENES STATED TWO LINEAGES, DIFFERENT FROM TRICHOBILHARZIA, SHARED WITH ARGENTINA. THIS STUDY PROVIDES NEW INFORMATION ON NEOTROPICAL SCHISTOSOMES, HIGHLIGHTING THE NEED FOR MAJOR RESEARCH ON THESE NEGLECTED TREMATODES, WHICH ARE CONSIDERED TO BE EMERGING/RE-EMERGING PARASITES IN OTHER PARTS OF THE GLOBE AS CONSEQUENCE OF ANTHROPOGENIC DISTURBANCES AND CLIMATIC CHANGE. HIGHLIGHTS: 1. TWO DIFFERENT LINEAGES (LINEAGE I AND II) WERE DESCRIBED AND MOLECULARLY CHARACTERIZED (28S AND COI GENES); 2. CERCARIA CHILINAE I Y II ARE PROPOSED AS A SYNONYMOUS OF LINEAGE II. THUS, A TOTAL OF FOUR DIFFERENT LINEAGES OF AVIAN SCHISTOSOMES ARE RELATED TO CHILINA SPP.; 3. CHILINA SPP. REPRESENTS AN IMPORTANT INTERMEDIATE HOST FOR AVIAN SCHISTOSOMES IN SOUTH AMERICA, CONSTITUTING A RESERVOIR DE SCHISTOSOMES WITH ZOONOTIC POTENTIAL; 4. COINFECTION BETWEEN THE TWO DIFFERENT LINEAGES WAS FOUND, A FINDING PREVIOUSLY NOT REPORTED FOR AVIAN SCHISTOSOMES

HELICOBACTER PYLORI (H. PYLORI) INFECTION AFFECTS MORE THAN HALF OF THE WORLD S POPULATION, AND THUS, ABOUT 10 TO 20% OF PEOPLE WITH H. PYLORI SUFFER FROM PEPTIC ULCERS, WHICH MAY ULTIMATELY LEAD TO GASTRIC CANCER. THE INCREASE IN ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY HAS ENCOURAGED THE SEARCH FOR NEW ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES TO ERADICATE THIS PATHOGEN. SEVERAL PLANT SPECIES ARE ESSENTIAL SOURCES OF POLYPHENOLS, AND THESE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS HAVE DEMONSTRATED HEALTH-PROMOTING PROPERTIES, SUCH AS THE GUT MICROBIOTA STIMULATION, INFLAMMATION REDUCTION, AND BACTERICIDAL EFFECT. THEREFORE, THIS REVIEW AIMS TO DISCUSS THE POTENTIAL EFFECT OF PLANT-BASED POLYPHENOLS AGAINST H. PYLORI AND THEIR ROLE IN THE GUT MICROBIOTA IMPROVEMENT.

FOODS WITH PROBIOTICS ARE IN HIGH DEMAND BY CONSUMERS GIVEN THEIR ASSOCIATED HEALTH PROPERTIES THAT MAKE THEM THE MOST POPULAR FUNCTIONAL FOODS. PROBIOTICS HAVE PRIMARILY BEEN USED IN PRODUCTS OF LACTIC ACID ORIGIN. HOWEVER, NONDAIRY FOODS ARE INCREASINGLY BEING USED AS CARRIERS OF PROBIOTICS BECAUSE THE POPULATION EXHIBITS HIGH LEVELS OF LACTOSE INTOLERANCE. IN ADDITION, MODERN LIFESTYLES ARE INCREASINGLY DISTANT FROM ANIMAL FOOD CONSUMPTION SUCH AS DAIRY PRODUCTS. THUS, FRUIT AND VEGETABLES ARE INTERESTING NONDAIRY MATRICES FOR PROBIOTICS AND ARE COMPATIBLE WITH POPULAR DIET OPTIONS, SUCH AS VEGETARIANISM AND VEGANISM. VEGETABLES PROVIDE A BENEFICIAL ENVIRONMENT THAT PROTECTS PROBIOTIC VIABILITY FROM STRESS FACTORS DURING THE PRODUCT SHELF LIFE. THE AIM OF THIS REVIEW IS TO PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW OF THE STUDIES CONDUCTED ON THE APPLICATION AND FEASIBILITY OF PROBIOTICS IN FRUIT AND VEGETABLE MATRICES.

THE IMPORTANCE OF BALANCED DIETARY HABITS, WHICH INCLUDE APPROPRIATE AMOUNTS OF ANTIOXIDANTS TO MAINTAIN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, HAS BECOME INCREASINGLY RELEVANT DURING THE CURRENT SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 PANDEMIC, BECAUSE VIRAL INFECTIONS ARE CHARACTERIZED BY HIGH OXIDATIVE STRESS. FURTHERMORE, THE MEASURES TAKEN BY GOVERNMENTS TO CONTROL THE PANDEMIC HAVE LED TO INCREASED ANXIETY, STRESS, AND DEPRESSION, WHICH AFFECT PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH, ALL OF WHICH ARE INFLUENCED BY NUTRITIONAL STATUS, DIET, AND LIFESTYLE. THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET (MD), ATLANTIC DIET (AD), AND THE DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR AMERICANS ALL PROVIDE THE ESSENTIAL VITAMINS, MINERALS, AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS NEEDED TO ACTIVATE ENZYMATIC AND NONENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSES. HOWEVER, VIRAL PANDEMICS SUCH AS THE CURRENT COVID-19 CRISIS ENTAIL HIGH OXIDATIVE DAMAGE CAUSED BY BOTH THE INFECTION AND THE RESULTANT SOCIAL STRESSES WITHIN POPULATIONS, WHICH INCREASES THE PROBABILITY AND SEVERITY OF INFECTION. BALANCED DIETARY PATTERNS SUCH AS THE MD AND THE AD ARE CHARACTERIZED BY THE CONSUMPTION OF FRUIT, VEGETABLES, LEGUMES, OLIVE OIL, AND WHOLE GRAINS WITH LOW INTAKES OF PROCESSED FOODS AND RED MEAT. FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE IN YOUNG ADULTS, THE MD IN PARTICULAR PROVIDES THE REQUIRED AMOUNT OF ANTIOXIDANTS PER DAY FOR VITAMINS D (0.3-3.8 ?G), E (17.0 MG), C (137.2-269.8 MG), A (1273.3 ?G), B-12 (1.5-2.0 ?G), AND FOLATE (455.1-561.3 ?G), THE MINERALS SE (120.0 ?G), ZN (11.0 MG), FE (15.0-18.8 MG), AND MN (5.2-12.5 MG), AND POLYPHENOLS (1171.00 MG) NEEDED TO MAINTAIN AN ACTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE. HOWEVER, ALL OF THESE DIETS ARE DEFICIENT IN THE RECOMMENDED AMOUNT OF VITAMIN D (20 ?G/D). THEREFORE, VULNERABLE POPULATIONS SUCH AS ELDERS AND OBESE INDIVIDUALS COULD BENEFIT FROM ANTIOXIDANT SUPPLEMENTATION TO IMPROVE THEIR ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE. ALTHOUGH EVIDENCE REMAINS SCARCE, THERE IS SOME INDICATION THAT A HEALTHY DIET, ALONG WITH SUPPLEMENTAL ANTIOXIDANT INTAKE, IS BENEFICIAL TO COVID-19 PATIENTS.