EN EL ÚLTIMO TERCIO DEL SIGLO XIX, EL ASOCIACIONISMO FUE VISTO POR LOS TRABAJADORES EN CHILE Y EL EXTRANJERO COMO UNA OPORTUNIDAD DE MEJORAR SUS CONDICIONES DE VIDA Y PARTICIPACIÓN DENTRO DEL ESTADO. A TRAVÉS DEL ESTUDIO DE LA CIUDAD DE CONCEPCIÓN, BUSCAMOS DILUCIDAR CÓMO ESTA FORMA DE ORGANIZACIÓN DE LOS TRABAJADORES SE CONSTITUYÓ EN UN PARADIGMA DE MODO DE NEGOCIACIÓN DE LA POBLACIÓN, SOBREPASANDO EL MERO ÁMBITO LABORAL. TAMBIÉN SOSTENEMOS QUE LA PRÁCTICA ASOCIACIONISTA FORTALECIÓ LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA HEGEMONÍA ESTATAL A TRAVÉS DEL RECONOCIMIENTO Y LEGITIMIDAD OTORGADA POR LA SOCIEDAD CIVIL AL ESTADO, DESDE UNA POSICIÓN DE SUBALTERNIDAD.

THIS PAPER SEEKS TO EXPLORE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STATE AND ABNORMALITY IN SANTIAGO OF CHILE THROUGH A SPECIFIC CATEGORY AS IT WAS THE ABNORMAL CHILDHOOD, BOTH IN THE DISCURSIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL LEVELS, TOOK GREATER DEFINITION AND ORGANIZATION SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE DECADE OF 1920 UNTIL THE MID-1940S. APART FROM CHANGES IN THE STATE CRITERIA THAT TOOK PLACE, YOU CAN SEE THE SURVIVAL OF PREVENTIVE LOGIC AND CONTROL ALONG WITH OTHER PROTECTIVE AND ASSISTANCE ON LEGISLATION AND THE INSTITUTIONS CREATED. HIGHLIGHTS THE ROLE OF MEDICINE AND PEDAGOGY IN THIS AREA, AND IN PARTICULAR THE ROLE OF THIS LAST IN THE GENERATION OF AN ASSIMILABLE CITIZENSHIP TO THE INDUSTRIAL AND NATION PROJECTS.

THIS PAPER SEEKS TO UNDERSTAND AND EXPLAIN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A DISCOURSE ON INSECURITY IN RELATION TO CRIME (AGAINST LIFE AND PROPERTY) IN THE PORT CITY OF VALPARAISO IN THE MIDDLE DECADES OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY. IT DISCUSSES SOME OF THE HISTORICAL AND STRUCTURAL VARIABLES OF THAT DISCOURSE, THE STORIES THAT THE LOCAL PRESS BUILT AROUND IT (LA ESTRELLA, EL MERCURIO AND LA UNION), AS WELL AS A PARTICULAR LEGISLATIVE RESPONSE GIVEN BY THE AUTHORITIES OF THE PERIOD.KEYWORDS: INSECURITY, CRIME, DISCOURSE, CITY, STATE, PRESS.

DURANTE LA SEGUNDA MITAD DEL SIGLO XIX LA ELITE SOCIAL Y POLÍTICA QUE DIRIGÍA LOS DESTINOS DE CHILE ADOPTÓ LA ESTRATEGIA LIBERAL COMO VÍA DE DESARROLLO, CON ELLO PRETENDÍA CONSEGUIR EL PROGRESO SOCIAL Y ECONÓMICO DEL PAÍS. ESTE MODELO IMPLICABA ESTABLECER NORMAS E INCULCAR COMPORTAMIENTOS CON EL PROPÓSITO DE CONFORMAR UNA POBLACIÓN ORDENADA BAJO PARÁMETROS UNIFORMES. ESTE TRABAJO INDAGA ACERCA DEL PROCESO EN EL CUAL LA COMUNIDAD EXPERIMENTÓ UNA PAULATINA TRANSFORMACIÓN DEBIDO A LA INCORPORACIÓN DE CIERTOS DISCURSOS Y COMPORTAMIENTOS PROVENIENTES ?DESDE ARRIBA? (ESTADO, ELITES) POSIBILITANDO CON ELLO EL PROCESO DE CONSTRUCCIÓN DE HEGEMONÍA ESTATAL.

THIS PAPER STUDIES SOME CULTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF SUBALTERN SECTORS OF THE CITY OFCONCEPCION DURING XIX CENTURY. IT IS SPECIALLY CENTERED IN ASPECTS CONCERNED WITH EVOLUTIONAND VALORATION OF WORK AND EDUCATION IDEAS. TWO CENTRAL ASPECTS GO THROUGH THIS ARTICLE: THESOCIAL CONTROL DYNAMIC OCCURRED WITHIN AN ECONOMICAL AND POLITICAL STRUCTURE OF LIBERAL ANDTHE STATE HEGEMONY BUILDING

THIS WORK AIMS TO FIND OUT HOW THE ADOPTION OF THE LIBERAL MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT AND THE ONGOING PROJECT OF ECONOMIC MODERNIZATION, AFFECTED THE CITY OF CONCEPCION DURING THE SECOND HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, IN RELATION TO THE MECHANISMS OF SOCIAL CONTROL USED BY THE GOVERNING ELITES. THE CORE OF THIS STUDY IS CENTERED ON THE ROLE THAT THE POLICE PLAYED IN THE POLICY OF DISCIPLINING IN CONCEPCION. FOR THIS CASE, WE HAVE CONSIDERED MICHEL FOUCAULTS THEORY, THAT THE POLICE IS A RELEVANT CONDITION FOR THE EXISTENCE OF URBANITY. LIBERALISM, WITHIN THE PERIOD OF TIME CONSIDERED IN THIS WORK, UNDERSTOOD THAT IN ORDER FOR THE COUNTRY TO ACHIEVE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRESS OF THE COUNTRY, IT WAS NECESSARY TO ESTABLISH SOCIAL ORDER. IT WAS MADE A PRIORITY THEN, TO CONVERT THE URBAN POOR FROM "DANGEROUS PEOPLE" TO "WORKING-CLASS", BECAUSE OF THIS EDUCATIONAL AND PUNITIVE POLICY WAS COMBINED IN THE SEARCH OF SUCH INTENTIONS. THE ROLE OF THE POLICE WAS CRUCIAL IN THIS PROCESS, AS THEY MADE THE INSTALLATION OF UNIFYING ELITE DISCOURSES IN SUBALTERN GROUPS POSSIBLE. THROUGH THE APPROPRIATION OF THESE DISCOURSES THE SUBALTERNS THEMSELVES HELPED TO CONTRIBUTE TOWARDS THE BUILDING OF HEGEMONIES.