THE REMOVAL OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS, ESPECIALLY TRIMETHYLAMINE (TMA), HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFULLY ACHIEVED USING CARBON ACTIVATE. IN THIS ARTICLE, WE REPORT THE FORMATION OF CARBON ACTIVATE (CA-SM) ISOLATED FROM SUB-BITUMINOUS COAL IN SMALL MANTLES (SM) AT THE MINE ?MANTOS NEGROS? (LEBU, CHILE). THIS COAL WAS SUBJECTED TO THERMAL OXIDATION WITH CO2 AT 950 °C AND THEIR TMA ADSORPTION CAPACITY EVALUATED. SM AND CA-SM WERE PHYSICALLY AND CHEMICALLY CHARACTERIZED SHOWING THAT THE ACTIVATED CARBON INCREASED THE SURFACE POROSITY AS WELL AS THE IODINE INDEX FROM 2.5 MG I2/G TO 434 MG I2/G COAL. THE PROXIMAL AND ELEMENTARY ANALYSES OF CASM SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION OF SULFUR, NITROGEN AND HYDROGEN, AND INCREASED COMPOSITION OF CARBON AND OXYGEN. THESE RESULTS TOGETHER WITH FTIR AND BOEHM TITRATION SUGGEST THAT THE SURFACE COMPOSITION OF THE ACTIVATED CARBON IS ACIDIC IN NATURE. THE ADSORPTION OF TMA BY CA-SM WAS EVALUATED IN DISSOLUTION AT DIFFERENT PH AND EXPOSURE TIME CONDITIONS. WE FOUND THAT TMA CAN BE FULLY ABSORBED (50 ML TMA AT 4 MG/L AND 0.2000G OF CA-SM) UNDER NEUTRAL AND BASIC PH AFTER 60 MINUTES OF EXPOSURE. THE FEASIBILITY OF PRODUCING ACTIVATED CARBON FROM SUB-BITUMINOUS COAL FROM PROVINCE OF ARAUCO, CHILE, IS A PROMISING ALTERNATIVE TO DEVELOP COAL-BASED PRODUCTS DISPLAYING ADSORBENT PROPERTIES USEFUL TO CONTROL AMINE-DERIVED CONTAMINANTS PRODUCED IN THE FISHING INDUSTRY.

MANUFACTURING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS IS ONE OF THE MOST REGULATED INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES DUE TO THE IMPORTANCE OF ITS EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH. THESE PROCESSES REQUIRE MANY PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DETERMINATIONS THROUGH CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES COUPLED WITH DIFFERENT DETECTORS. HOWEVER, THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IS NOT CONSIDERING THE GROWTH THAT SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES HAVE HAD IN THESE FIELDS OF APPLICATION, ESPECIALLY TO MONITOR THE BLENDING PROCESS. THIS STUDY EVALUATES DIFFERENT SAMPLING METHODS FOR PHARMACEUTICAL BLENDING PROCESSES BY NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (NIRS) AND VIS-NIR SPECTROSCOPY. THE PHARMACEUTICAL MIXTURE CONSISTED OF THREE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS. VARIOUS QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE STRATEGIES WERE USED TO EVALUATE THE ENDPOINT OF THE BLENDING PROCESS. THE RESULTS REVEALED THE FEASIBILITY OF DIFFERENT SPECTRAL ANALYSES TO ESTABLISH THE HOMOGENEITY OF THE MIXTURE, WHICH MAY BE ESPECIALLY USEFUL FOR APPLICATIONS AT THE INDUSTRIAL LEVEL IN ROUTINE ANALYSIS OR AS A FIRST CHOICE. HPLC CONFIRMED THE FINAL BLEND.

FUNGI HAVE A UNIQUE METABOLIC PLASTICITY ALLOWING THEM TO PRODUCE A WIDE RANGE OF NATURAL PRODUCTS. SINCE THE DISCOVERY OF PENICILLIN, AN ANTIBIOTIC OF FUNGAL ORIGIN, SUBSTANTIAL EFFORTS HAVE BEEN DEVOTED GLOBALLY TO SEARCH FOR FUNGAL-DERIVED NATURAL BIOACTIVE PRODUCTS. ANDEAN REGION FORESTS REPRESENT ONE OF THE FEW UNDISTURBED ECOSYSTEMS IN THE WORLD WITH LITTLE HUMAN INTERVENTION. WHILE THESE FORESTS DISPLAY A RICH BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, MYCOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDIES IN THESE ENVIRONMENTS HAVE BEEN SCARCE. THIS REVIEW AIMS TO SUMMARISE ALL THE EFFORTS REGARDING THE CHEMICAL OR BIOACTIVITY ANALYSES OF AGARICOMYCETES (BASIDIOMYCOTA) FROM SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA ENVIRONMENTS. OVERALL, HEREIN WE REPORT A TOTAL OF 147 FUNGAL SPECIES, 21 OF THEM SHOWING CHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION AND/OR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY. IN TERMS OF CHEMICAL CORES, FURANS, CHLORINATED PHENOL DERIVATIVES, POLYENES, LACTONES, TERPENES AND HIMANIMIDES HAVE BEEN REPORTED. THESE NATURAL PRODUCTS DISPLAYED A RANGE OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES INCLUDING ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIFUNGAL, NEUROPROTECTIVE AND OSTEOCLAST-FORMING SUPPRESSING EFFECTS.