IMPORTANT POLITICAL CHANGES OCCURRED IN CHILE IN 1964. EDUARDO FREI MONTALVA'S ASSUMPTION OF OFFICE PROMISES IMPORTANT REFORMS, AMONG THEM, THE CREATION OF THE MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN PLANNING IN 1965. AS A RESULT OF THIS, VARIOUS REFLECTIONS UPON THE URBAN AND REGIONAL TERRITORY AS WELL AS THE CREATION OF A SUPERIOR ENVIRONMENT FOR COLLECTIVE LIFE EMERGE. IN ARCHITECTURE, SUCH REFLECTION HAS AN EFFECT ON THREE SCOPES: THE CHIEFLY ACADEMIC ONE INSIDE SCHOOLS, PARTICULARLY IN THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONALS WHO HAVE A CRITICAL THINKING WITH REGARD TO NATIONAL POLITICS AND WHO ARE MORE CONNECTED TO THE PROFESSION'S REAL WORLD BY FINDING OUT AND PRACTICING A POETIC VIEW OF THE CONTINENT; THE INTELLECTUAL ONE THROUGH THE ARTICLES ON CRITICAL REFLECTION PUBLISHED IN THE MAGAZINE AUCA (FUNDED IN 1965) CONSTITUTED MOSTLY BY THOSE PROFESSORS WHO RESIGNED -MAINLY-FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF CHILE IN 1963; AND THE ACADEMIC PROFESSIONAL ONE, WITH THE PROPOSAL OF A NEW SCHOOL MODEL UNDER THE UMBRELLA OF THE SOUTH BASED ASSOCIATION OF ARCHITECTS. MANY OF THE MOVEMENTS OCCURRED IN THE LATE 60S, NOT ONLY IN THEIR ORIGIN BUT ALSO IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE FOLLOWING REFORMS -WHOSE INITIAL EFFECT IS THE UPHEAVAL INSIDE THE TRAINING CENTERS AND THE SUBSEQUENT EXPANSION TO THE REST OF THE CIVIL POPULATION AND THE PUBLIC SPACE - WERE INITIATED, PROMOTED, SUSTAINED AND HEADED BY BOTH ARCHITECTURE STUDENTS AND PROFESSORS. AS A RESULT OF THESE EVENTS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE TEACHING OF THIS DISCIPLINE APPEARS THE DIFFERENTIATION FOR THE DIFFERENT SCHOOLS IN THEIR PROFILES AND METHODS OF EDUCATION, AS WELL AS THE POSTERIOR ESTABLISHMENT OF A GENERAL PROFESSION IDENTITY IN CHILE. IN 1973 THE COUP TAKES PLACE TO MARK A VIOLENT INTERRUPTION OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN THE COUNTRY AND THE AUTONOMY OF UNIVERSITY REFORM PROCESSES. JUST BY 1981 THE PRESENT LAW OF UNIVERSITIES IS PROMULGATED. THIS LAW TRIGGERS THE RISE OF PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES AND THE LATER EMERGENCE OF NEW ARCHITECTURE SCHOOLS

LA FORMACIÓN ARQUITECTÓNICA DEBE DESARROLLAR HABILIDADES TÉCNICAS Y ESTÉTICAS PARA REALIZAR PROYECTOS DE CONSTRUCCIÓN. LAS NUEVAS MAQUINAS DE FABRICACIÓN DIGITAL PERMITEN ELABORAR MODELOS MATERIALES DE LOS DISEÑOS, ASÍ COMO ELEMENTOS CONSTRUCTIVOS INDUSTRIALIZADOS, GENERANDO NUEVAS CAPACIDADES QUE DEBEN SER ADECUADAMENTE INTEGRADAS EN LA ENSEÑANZA PROFESIONAL. EL ARTÍCULOANALIZA IMPLICANCIAS DE ESTAS TECNOLOGÍAS EN LA FORMACIÓN ARQUITECTÓNICA BASADO EN SIETE EXPERIENCIAS EDUCACIONALES

THE TEACHING OF ARCHITECTURE IS BASED ON THE INTEGRAL FORMATION OF STUDENTS THROUGH THE PROJECT, IN WHICH THE TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS BEGINS WITH AN INTRODUCTION TO THE FORM AND TO THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPACE ? TO THE HUMAN SCALE ? AS A PROPER MATTER OF THE DISCIPLINE. IN THIS RESEARCH-ACTION-TEACHING, WE PROPOSE TO CREATE THE BASIS FOR A NEW EDUCATIONAL MODEL FOR THE INITIAL WORKSHOP, TAKING AS A REFERENCE THE EXPERIENCE OF TWO GREAT MASTERS OF THE 20TH CENTURY: FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT AND LE CORBUSIER, BASED ON THE GEOMETRY AND THE PRIMARY FORMS AS A COMMON NATURE OF THE STRUCTURE OF ALL THINGS IN THE UNIVERSE. FOR THIS WE PROPOSE TO STRATEGICALLY INTRODUCE AN EXPERIMENTAL UNIT WHERE STUDENTS LEARN HOW TO GET TO KNOW AND APPLY FUNDAMENTAL NOTIONS OF THE FORMS BY APPLYING BIO-TOOLS AND USING PLATONIC SOLIDS AS PRIMARY OR FUNDAMENTAL FORMS IN THE SACRED OR HARMONIC GEOMETRY, WHICH INCORPORATES THE CURRENT BIOLOGICAL BASIS AND A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO THE PROCESS OF TEACHING-LEARNING.

RETRATAR EL MUNDO ES UNA ACTIVIDAD FUNDACIONAL EN LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA ARQUITECTURA. LOS/AS ESTUDIANTES PRODUCEN IMÁGENES QUIROGRÁFICAS, HECHAS CON LA MANO (CROQUIS), E IMÁGENES TÉCNICAS, QUE OCUPA UNA MÁQUINA COMO MEDIADOR (CÁMARAS Y ORDENADORES). EN LA ACTUALIDAD LA PREDILECCIÓN POR LA IMAGEN TÉCNICA DIGITAL HA HECHO, POR UN LADO, MERMAR PAULATINAMENTE EL USO DEL DIBUJO A MANO, Y POR OTRO HA IDO IMPONIENDO SU FICCIÓN COMO CULTURA VISUAL HEGEMÓNICA. LA HABILIDAD DE IMAGINAR QUEDA APLASTADA POR LA IMAGINERÍA VIRTUAL OMNIPRESENTE.. EN LA ESCUELA DE ARQUITECTURA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL BÍOBÍO, SE REALIZA DESDE EL 2016 UNA INICIATIVA DENOMINADA ?TALLER DE BARRIOS? (TB) DONDE SU OBJETIVO PRINCIPAL ES TRABAJAR EN CONTEXTOS REALES. LA PRESENTE COMUNICACIÓN CUENTA SOBRE LOS ASPECTOS TEÓRICOS Y METODOLÓGICOS DE UN DOCUMENTO SOCIAL DE TB QUE VISIBILIZA, EN UNA ILUSTRACIÓN QUIROGRÁFICA, LA MEMORIA SUBJETIVA DE HABITANTES DE UN TERRITORIO EN ESTUDIO.

THE COURSE FOUNDATIONS OF ARCHITECTURE CONSISTS OF A PHENOMENOLOGICAL/EXPERIENTIAL APPROACH, THROUGH DRAWING, TO THE DIFFERENT KINGDOMS THAT MAKE UP OUR SENSORY WORLD: MINERAL, VEGETAL, ANIMAL AND WHAT WE?FOLLOWING JUAN BORCHERS?CALL ?HUMANAL? KINGDOM. ATTEMPTING TO PERCEIVE WHAT SURROUND US WITHOUT PREJUDGMENTS ALLOWS THE EXERCISE TO GUIDE THE STUDENTS REFLECTIONS FROM THE BEGINNING TOWARDS AWARENESS OF THE FACT THAT ARCHITECTURE IS NOT GIVEN (NATURE) BUT RATHER, A MAN MADE OBJECT (SOCIAL). IN DOING SO, IT REVEALS HUMAN ACTS TO BE THE ARCHITECT?S OBJECT OF STUDY AND OBSERVATION ITSELF AS A FIRST MEANS OF APPROXIMATION TO IT.