LA DIMENSIÓN SOCIAL HA SIDO COMÚNMENTE RECONOCIDA COMO EL PILAR MÁS DÉBIL Y EL MENOS DESARROLLADO DEL CONCEPTO DE SOSTENIBILIDAD. EL PRESENTE ARTÍCULO MUESTRA LOS RESULTADOS DE UNA INVESTIGACIÓN QUE PROFUNDIZA EN LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DE INDICADORES QUE PERMITAN MEDIR LA SOSTENIBILIDAD SOCIAL EN CONJUNTOS HABITACIONALES. PARA ELLO ANALIZA TRES CONJUNTOS EN EL GRAN CONCEPCIÓN CON CARACTERÍSTICAS TIPOLÓGICAS DIFERENTES Y REPRESENTATIVAS DE LOS MODELOS DE CRECIMIENTO URBANO. LOS RESULTADOS OBTENIDOS EN ESTA INVESTIGACIÓN PERMITEN IDENTIFICAR LOS PRINCIPALES INDICADORES DE MEDICIÓN DE LA SOSTENIBILIDAD SOCIAL, ACTUALMENTE DISCUTIDOS EN LA DISCIPLINA, Y SU APLICABILIDAD EN LA EVALUACIÓN DE TRES CONJUNTOS HABITACIONALES. LOS RESULTADOS INVITAN A REVISAR LA FORMA EN LA CUAL ESTAMOS CONSTRUYENDO PARADIGMAS URBANOS, EN GENERAL EN RELACIÓN CON LOS MODELOS DE CRECIMIENTO Y, EN PARTICULAR, SOBRE LAS TIPOLOGÍAS DE CONJUNTOS RESIDENCIALES Y LAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS ASOCIADAS.

THE ROOFS OF HOUSES LOCATED AT MIDDLE LATITUDES RECEIVE SIGNIFICANT SOLAR RADIATION USEFUL TO SUPPLY THEIR OWN ENERGY DEMANDS AND TO FEED BACK INTO THE URBAN ELECTRICITY NETWORK. HOWEVER, SOLAR PANELS SHOULD BE PROPERLY INTEGRATED INTO ROOFS. THIS STUDY ANALYZED ROOF GEOMETRY AND INTEGRATED SOLAR PERFORMANCE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC, THERMAL-PHOTOVOLTAIC, AND HYBRID SOLAR COLLECTION TECHNOLOGIES ON DWELLING CASES SELECTED FROM A SAMPLE OF RECENT HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS IN CONCEPCIÓN, CHILE. HOUR-BY-HOUR ENERGY GENERATION ESTIMATES AND COMPARISONS WITH DEMAND LEVELS WERE CALCULATED FOR REPRESENTATIVE DAYS DURING SEASONS OF MAXIMUM, MINIMUM AS WELL AS MID-SEASON. THESE ESTIMATES TOOK INTO ACCOUNT THE ROOF TILT AND ORIENTATION EFFECTS ALSO. TRNSYS@ SOFTWARE WAS USED TO DETERMINE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AND F-CHART TOOL FOR THERMAL ENERGY SUPPLY. THE RESULTS SHOW FIVE TIMES MORE PANELS CAN BE PLACED ON THE LARGEST AND MOST REGULAR SHAPED ROOF SECTIONS THAN ON THOSE WITH THE SMALLEST AND MOST IRREGULAR SHAPES. THE HOUSE MODEL WITH THE LARGEST ROOF SECTION CAN PROVIDE UP TO SIX TIMES MORE ENERGY THAN THE MODEL WITH THE SMALLEST SECOND ROOF SECTION IN DIFFERENT SEASONS AND SYSTEMS. THIS PAPER THUS PROVIDES NEW FINDINGS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES WHEN RELATED TO HOME ENERGY DEMANDS AND ROOF GEOMETRY.

THERE ARE SEVERAL STUDIES THAT ASSESS THERMAL COMFORT INSIDE BUILDINGS, INTRODUCING ENERGY EFFICIENCY CRITERIA IN THEIR DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE. THE CASE OF PUBLIC SPACES IS DIFFERENT THOUGH, AS MOST QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE EVALUATION MODELS ARE STILL UNDER DEVELOPMENT AND MANY VARIABLES THAT INCREASE THEIR COMPLEXITY. SOME OF THESE VARIABLES ARE DIFFICULT TO SPECIFY IN OUTDOOR SPACES SINCE THEY DEAL WITH THE THERMAL SENSATION OF PEOPLE AND EVER CHANGING CLIMATE VARIABLES PARTLY DEPENDENT ON THEIR DESIGN. THIS ARTICLE REVEALS THE FINDINGS OF A STUDY FOCUSED ON THE PREPARATION OF AN EVALUATION SCHEME OF USER THERMAL COMFORT IN THE COASTAL BORDER OF THE BIO BIO REGION, PARTICULARLY, A RECENTLY BUILT WORK CALLED LA POZA IN THE CITY OF TALCAHUANO. THE RESEARCH IS BASED ON THE HYPOTHESIS ACCORDING TO WHICH PEOPLE STAY IN PUBLIC SPACES IN PART CONDITIONED BY THEIR PERCEPTION OF THERMAL COMFORT. AS THERMAL ENVIRONMENTS IMPROVE, IT COULD BE REASONABLY EXPECTED THAT USERS WILL IMPROVE THEIR EXPERIENCE AND EVEN GO MORE OFTEN OR STAY LONGER IN THE PLACE. FOR THAT, A THERMAL PERCEPTION ANALYSIS WAS DEVELOPED THROUGH USER SURVEYS AND A SOLAR RADIATION ANALYSIS IN THE AREA, DETERMINING THE CORRELATION BETWEEN USE AND SUNLIGHT TO DRAFT A THERMAL COMFORT MAP THAT WILL IDENTIFY REQUIRED NEEDS OR DESIGN STRATEGIES.

WE INVITED ARCHITECT AND URBAN PLANNER SERGIO BAERISWYL BECAUSE OF HIS CAREER IN URBAN PLANNING AND PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AS WELL AS HIS BENCHMARK STATUS IN CHILE WHEN IT COMES TO RETHINKING OUR CITIES AND TERRITORIES, ESPECIALLY IN THIS CONTEXT OF GLOBAL HEALTH CRISIS. THIS CONVERSATION SOUGHT TO DEAL WITH HIS VIEW OF THE PRESENT SITUATION OF DIFFERENT-SCALE CHILEAN CITIES; THEY ARE STRONGLY SCOURGED BY NOT ONLY COVID-19 EMERGENCY BUT ALSO PRE-EXISTING PROBLEMS RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS AND SOCIAL VULNERABILITIES COMMON TO THOSE OF THE REST OF LATIN AMERICA. FURTHER KNOWLEDGE OF THE WAY IN WHICH SPECIFIC PROPOSALS AND PARTICIPATORY MANAGEMENT FORMS WERE DEFINED HAS BECOME A PRECIOUS CONTRIBUTION TO THE RESILIENCE IMPROVEMENT OF OUR CITIES AND THE SOLVING OF THE SERIOUS PROBLEMS THAT AFFECT US. ON THIS OCCASION, BOTH HIS WORK IN THE BÍOBÍO REGION AND HIS PERFORMANCE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE NATIONAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL HAVE BEEN OF PARTICULAR INTEREST. HE IS THE CURRENT CHAIRMAN OF THIS ADVISORY BODY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF CHILE; IT IS CONSTITUTED BY REPRESENTATIVES OF THE PUBLIC, PRIVATE, SOCIAL, ACADEMIC AND UNION SECTORS.

THE ADAPTATION TO CHANGES CAUSED BY NATURAL EVENTS, PASSES FROM SUSTAINABILITY TO A TRANSVERSAL AND RESILIENT MODEL. HOWEVER, THE AMBIGUITY IN THE DEFINITION OF BOTH CONCEPTS, CAN CREATE UNCERTAINTIES WHEN IT COMES TO PROPOSING CONCRETE ACTIONS IN THE URBAN SETTING. THE DEVELOPMENT OF SYNERGIES BETWEEN THE CONCEPTS IS A TASK THAT IS STILL PENDING, BUT ONE THAT IS KEY FOR CITIES WHEN ADAPTING TO FUTURE CHANGES. THIS WORK PROPOSES CLARIFYING THE DIFFERENCES AND SYNERGIES BETWEEN THE TWO APPROACHES, EVALUATING INDICATORS WHICH CAN ACT AS THE BASIS TO INTEGRATE THE CONCEPT OF RESILIENCE AND SUSTAINABILITY IN PUBLIC POLICIES AND TERRITORIAL MANAGEMENT TOOLS. THE STUDY PROPOSES A THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM, IDENTIFYING AN EVALUATION MODEL WHICH WILL BE APPLY TO A SPECIFIC CASE STUDY IN THE TOWN OF DICHATO, A COASTAL CITY IN CHILE, THAT IS THREATENED BY RISKS OF DIFFERENT NATURES. THE APPLICATION TO THIS REAL CASE WILL ALLOW EVALUATING THE APPLICABILITY OF THE SYSTEM OF INDICATORS PROPOSED AND, ALLOW DISCUSSING THE RESULTS OBTAINED.