DYSARTHRIA ASSESSMENT TOOLS SHOULD BE TAILORED TO THE SPEECH CHARACTERISTICS AND IMPAIRMENTS. CURRENTLY, THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT TOOLS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, MAINLY PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR. HOWEVER, THIS SPEECH IMPAIRMENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOSS OF FUNCTIONALITY, LIMITATIONS IN ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING, AND RESTRICTION IN SOCIAL AND OCCUPATIONAL PARTICIPATION. THIS RESEARCH COMPARES THE ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES OF SEVERAL SPEECH ASSESSMENT TOOLS COMMONLY USED IN CLINICAL PRACTICE FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DYSARTHRIA IN CHILE AND WORLDWIDE. METHODS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS WAS CONDUCTED ON VARIOUS SPEECH ASSESSMENT TOOLS FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DYSARTHRIA. A PURPOSIVE SAMPLING WAS USED BASED ON THE RESEARCH CONDUCTED BY ALTAHER ET AL. RESULTS: THE CONTENT ANALYSIS SHOWS THAT ALL TOOLS HAVE PROCEDURES FOR ASSESSING SPEECH SUBSYSTEMS AND NON-SPEECH TASKS. HOWEVER, THE ASSESSMENT OF THE FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SPEECH, MAINLY CONSIDERING INTELLIGIBILITY, IS SCARCELY ADDRESSED. SOME TOOLS INCORPORATE TASKS THAT ASSESS DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF SPEECH, HIGHLIGHTING THAT THIS COMPLEMENTARY INFORMATION CAN BE RELEVANT TO THE DIAGNOSTIC PROCESS. CONCLUSIONS: THERE IS A LACK OF A STANDARDIZED SPEECH ASSESSMENT AND THE NEED TO INCORPORATE TASKS THAT ALLOW FOR FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT TO UNDERSTAND THE PERFORMANCE OF SUBSYSTEMS AND THE NEEDS OF INDIVIDUALS AND THEIR INTERLOCUTORS TO SET BASELINES.

EL PROPÓSITO DEL PRESENTE ESTUDIO FUE DETERMINAR LA PREVALENCIA DE PRESBIFAGIA EN ADULTOS MAYORES QUE VIVEN EN LA COMUNIDAD Y ESTUDIAR EL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL E INGESTA ALIMENTARIA. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: ESTUDIO DE CASO-CONTROL CON PERSONAS MAYORES DE 65 AÑOS, PERTENECIENTES A CLUBES DE ADULTOS MAYORES DE CHILLÁN, CHILE. LA INGESTA ALIMENTARIA SE EVALUÓ A TRAVÉS DE LA ENCUESTA DE TENDENCIA DE CONSUMO CUANTIFICADA Y ENCUESTA DE MODIFICACIÓN ALIMENTARIA CREADA Y VALIDADA PARA ESTE ESTUDIO. LA PRESENCIA DE PRESBIFAGIA SE DIAGNOSTICÓ MEDIANTE EL CUESTIONARIO EAT-10 Y EL DIAGNÓSTICO DE DISFAGIA POR MECV-V REALIZADO POR FONOAUDIÓLOGO. EL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL SE EVALUÓ A TRAVÉS DEL ÍNDICE DE MASA CORPORAL. RESULTADOS: LA PREVALENCIA DE PRESBIFAGIA FUE DE 29,5% Y DISFAGIA 14,5%. EL 74% DE LOS ADULTOS MAYORES CON PRESBIFAGIA TENÍA MALNUTRICIÓN POR EXCESO VERSUS 48% DE LOS CON DISFAGIA, EL 55,5% TENÍA UN CUMPLIMIENTO INSUFICIENTE DE ENERGÍA, SITUACIÓN QUE NO COINCIDE CON EL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL PREDOMINANTE DE MALNUTRICIÓN POR EXCESO. LAS CALORÍAS CONSUMIDAS FUERON EN BASE A CARBOHIDRATOS Y PROTEÍNAS. TENÍAN UNA BAJA INGESTA DE AGUA, FIBRA, CALCIO Y VITAMINA D Y ALTO CONSUMO DE SODIO. LOS ADULTOS MAYORES CON DISFAGIA DEMORAN MÁS TIEMPO EN COMER Y HAN DEJADO DE CONSUMIR ALIMENTOS QUE DIFICULTAN LA DEGLUCIÓN COMO FRUTAS, CARNES Y ARROZ. CONCLUSIÓN: LA PREVALENCIA DE ADULTOS MAYORES QUE VIVEN EN LA COMUNIDAD CON PRESBIFAGIA FUE DE 29,5%, CON MALNUTRICIÓN POR EXCESO EN EL 74%, PARA FACILITAR EL PROCESO DEGLUTORIO LOS ADULTOS MAYORES CON DISFAGIA REALIZAN MODIFICACIONES ALIMENTARIAS A LOS SÓLIDOS.

AGING INVOLVES PHYSIOLOGICAL AND NON-PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES THAT AFFECT THE PERCEPTION OF THE ELDERLY ON THE PHENOMENON OF FOOD, HOWEVER, INTERNATIONAL INVESTIGATIONS COULD NOT REPRESENT THE CHILEAN POPULATION, BECAUSE OF THE LITTLE INFORMATION ABOUT THE PERCEPTION OF THE ELDERLY WITH PRESBYPHAGIA AND THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THEIR DIET. THE PURPOSE OF THIS QUALITATIVE STUDY WITH PHENOMENOLOGICAL DESIGN IS TO KNOW THE PERCEPTION OF OLDER ADULTS WITH PRESBYPHAGIA ABOUT FOOD PHENOMENON, CONSIDERING PHYSIOLOGICAL AND NON-PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS ALONG WITH THE ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF FOODS THAT THEY PREFER. FOR THIS, A SEMISTRUCTURED INTERVIEW WAS APPLIED TO EIGHT OLDER ADULTS WITH PRESBYPHAGIA ATTENDING AT THE PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES CENTER (SAMPLING BY SATURATION). THE SPEECH WAS PROCESSED THROUGH AXIAL CODING IN TWO LEVELS: FORMATION OF CODES (THROUGH APPOINTMENTS OF THE INTERVIEWEE), MEMOS (CONCEPTS OF RESEARCHERS) AND SELECTIVE CODING, THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF FAMILY CODES, APPLYING THE METHOD OF CONSTANT COMPARISONS, USING ATLAS.TI 6. THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS ARE INVOLVED IN FEEDING. ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES THAT INFLUENCE THE PERCEPTION OF THE ELDERLY ARE: SIZE, CONSISTENCY, TASTE, TEMPERATURE AND INTENSITY OF THE COLOR, WHICH AFFECT THE CHOICE OF FOOD. IN CONCLUSION THE PERCEPTION OF THE ELDERLY WITH PRESBYPHAGIA FOOD, IS INFLUENCED BY PHYSIOLOGICAL AND NON-PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS WHICH DETERMINE THE PREFERENCE OF ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES AND FOOD CHOICES. IN ADDITION TO BEING INFLUENCED BY ACQUIRED HABITS AND GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION.

DETERMINAR EL UMBRAL DE VISCOSIDAD QUE POSIBILITE UNA DEGLUCIÓN SEGURA EN ADULTOS MAYORES CON DISFAGIA SECUNDARIA A UN ICTUS. MÉTODO: ESTUDIO ANALÍTICO DE CORTE TRANSVERSAL. PARTICIPARON 6 ADULTOS MAYORES DE 60 AÑOS CON DISFAGIA POST-ICTUS. SE LES ADMINISTRÓ SEIS VISCOSIDADES (50MPA S, 110MPA S, 170MPA S, 230MPA S, 290MPA S Y 350MPA S) CREADAS CON AGUA SIN GAS Y ESPESANTE BASADO EN ALMIDÓN DE MAÍZ. SE EVALUARON LOS SIGNOS DE SEGURIDAD DE LA DEGLUCIÓN (VOZ HÚMEDA, TOS Y SATURACIÓN DE OXÍGENO) EN CADA VISCOSIDAD, MEDIANTE NASOFIBROSCOPÍA. SE COMPARÓ EL RENDIMIENTO DE CADA VISCOSIDAD EN LOS SIGNOS DE SEGURIDAD DE LA DEGLUCIÓN CON EL OBJETIVO DE CONOCER QUÉ VISCOSIDAD SERÍA EL UMBRAL DE SEGURIDAD DEGLUTORIA. RESULTADOS: EL 100% DE LOS SIGNOS DE ALTERACIÓN DE LA SEGURIDAD NO SE PRESENTÓ EN NINGUNA VISCOSIDAD EVALUADA. CONCLUSIONES: NO ES POSIBLE DETERMINAR EL UMBRAL DE VISCOSIDAD QUE POSIBILITA UNA DEGLUCIÓN SEGURA EN PACIENTES CON DISFAGIA SECUNDARIA A UN ICTUS EN LAS VISCOSIDADES EVALUADAS. SE DISCUTEN DIVERSOS FACTORES QUE PUEDEN HABER INFLUIDO EN LOS RESULTADOS, TALES COMO: EL TAMAÑO MUESTRAL, UTILIZACIÓN DE NASOFIBROSCOPÍA PARA EVALUAR VISCOSIDADES BAJAS, E, INTERVALOS DE LAS VISCOSIDADES EVALUADAS.

PURPOSE: TO EXPLORE WHETHER THE DIADOCHOKINETIC INDEX OF SYLLABLE PRODUCTION VARIABILITY (DDKCVP%) IS USEFUL FOR THE DETECTION OF ARTICULATORY INACCURACIES IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF PARKINSON?S DISEASE (PD). METHODS: A DIADOCHOKINETIC SPEECH TASK OF THE CONSONANT-VOWEL TYPE [PA-PA-PA] WAS APPLIED TO 18 PEOPLE WITH PD (CLASSIFIED IN STAGES OF PROGRESSION FROM 1 TO 5 ACCORDING TO THE HOEHN & YAHR SCALE) TO DETERMINE THEIR DIADOCHOKINETIC PERFORMANCE. RECORDS OF THE STUDY GROUP WERE COMPARED TO A REFERENCE VALUE OBTAINED FROM A CONTROL GROUP MADE UP OF 40 SUBJECTS. RESULTS: 77.78% OF THE STUDY GROUP SHOWED ARTICULATORY INACCURACIES. THE DDKCVP% INDEX ALLOWED TO DETECT ARTICULATORY DIFFICULTIES FROM STAGE 1 OF PD, AND ITS VARIATION SHOWED THAT ARTICULATORY DEFICITS WERE PERMANENT FROM STAGE 2 ONWARDS. A SIGNIFICANT AND DIRECT CORRELATION WAS OBTAINED BETWEEN THE INCREASE IN THE DDKCVP% INDEX AND THE INCREASE IN THE STAGE OF EVOLUTION OF THE PARTICIPANTS. CONCLUSION: DDKCVP% INDEX EVALUATED BY MEANS OF A SIMPLE AND FAST CONSONANT-VOWEL DIADOCHOKINETIC TASK [PA-PA-PA], COULD BE USEFUL TO DETERMINE ARTICULATORY INACCURACIES IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF PD, ALTHOUGH IT IS SUGGESTED THAT INVESTIGATION OF THIS INDEX IN LARGER SAMPLE SIZES BE CONDUCTED.