THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS THE MAIN RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF THE THEORETICAL (THE CLASSICS) THAT RECOGNIZE SOCIAL WORKERS WHO ARE IN THE PRACTICE OF THEIR PROFESSION. THE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED DURING THE MONTHS OF JUNE TO AUGUST 2013, IN THE GREATER CONCEPCIÓN, BIOBÍO REGION. THE STUDY FOLLOWED A MIXED METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURE, WHICH INTERVIEWED 98 PROFESSIONALS LOCATED IN THE DIRECT EXERCISE OF THE PROFESSION, EXCLUDING THOSE WHO WORK IN OCCUPATIONALLY PROCESSES - DISCIPLINARY TRAINING IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS. THE RESULTS OBTAINED SHOWS THE ABSENCE OF CLEAR AND PRECISE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK BY SOCIAL WORKERS. POSITIONS WAS ALSO EVIDENT THAT DENY THE EXISTENCE OF THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND PRACTICE WITHIN THIS POSITION ARE TWO SPEECHES THAT CAN DIFFERENTIATE, WHICH DESCRIBED AS ANTI - THEORETICAL AND UNDIFFERENTIATED.

THE ARTICLE ANALYSES SOME OF NOTIONS HELD BY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS THE TRADITIONAL MEANS OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND THE RISE OF NEW SPACES FOR THEM TO EXERCISE THEIR CITIZENRY THROUGH ASSOCIATED STRATEGIES LIKE POLITICAL COLLECTIVES WHICH ARE NOT AFFILIATED TO POLITICAL PARTIES AND SHARE A CRITICAL VIEW OF CURRENT SYSTEM.THE RESEARCH IS CONDUCTED IN THE REGION DEL BIOBÍO, A REGION THAT IS DISTANCED FROM CHILE?S POLITICAL CENTER, BUT RICH IN A UNIVERSITY TRADITION CHARACTERIZED BY AN ACTIVE PAST, CRITICAL OF NATIONAL AND LATIN AMERICAN POLITICS.THE PARTIAL RESULTS OF THIS RESEARCH POINT TO NEW FORMS OF CITIZENRY THAT FAVOUR EQUALITY AND AUTONOMY AND PLEAD FOR DEMOCRATIC COEXISTENCE WITH GREATER FREEDOM AND EQUALITY, COMBINING THEM WITH DEMANDS TYPICAL OF YOUTHS, ALONG WITH ONES FELT BY THE MAJORITY OF CHILEANS.KEYWORDS: YOUTH PARTICIPATION, POLITICAL PARTICIPATION, CITIZENRY, POLITICAL COLLECTIVES.

THIS ARTICLE AIMS TO CARRY OUT AN ANALYSIS OF THE PUBLICATIONS ABOUT SUBJECTIVE WELLBEING THAT HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED IN CHILE. TO REACH SUCH AN OBJECTIVE, ALL THE PUBLICATIONS INDEXED IN THE MAIN DATABASES WERE GATHERED. THE ANALYSED VARIABLES WERE: TYPE OF RESEARCH ACCORDING TO ITS THOROUGHNESS, EPISTEMOLOGICAL STANCE, DISCIPLINARY AREAS OF THE RESEARCHERS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE JOURNAL. THE DATA WERE ANALYSED THROUGH UNIVARIATE DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS AND ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE CORRESPONDENCES. THE MAIN RESULTS INDICATE THAT THE FIRST PUBLICATIONS START IN THE DECADE OF 2000, AND ARE CONCENTRATED IN THE DISCIPLINARY FIELD OF PSYCHOLOGY, BASICALLY USING A QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, WITH CORRELATIONAL ANALYSES, TRANSVERSAL, NON-EXPERIMENTAL AND MACRO-SUBJECTIVE LEVELS.

THE PAPER AIMS TO REVIEW CRITICALLY THE CONCEPT OF DISCIPLINE AND OBSERVE FROM IT THE CLASSIFICATIONS HAVE BEEN PROPOSED TO ORGANIZE THE SUBFIELDS BELONGING TO SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CHILE. REFLECTION BEGINS BY REVIEWING THE CONCEPT OF DISCIPLINE, FROM ITS DIFFERENT MEANINGS IT HAS HAD TO ITS CURRENT USE IN THE ACADEMIC WORLD AS A FIELD OR AREA OF KNOWLEDGE. UNDER THE LATTER SENSE CAN BE SEEN THAT THERE ARE TWO DISPUTING SENSES, ONE WITH EMPHASIS ON EPISTEMIC ORDER, AND OTHER ON FACTORS OF SOCIO-HISTORICAL NATURE. IT ANALYSES THE DIFFERENT TAXONOMIC PROPOSALS USED TO GROUP AND CLASSIFY SUB DISCIPLINES IS SOCIAL SCIENCES BY GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS, AS WELL AS THE FACULTIES OF SOCIAL SCIENCES. FINALLY A REVIEW IS MADE TO STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND ESTABLISHMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CHILE, WHILE EXCLUDING SOCIAL WORK DISCIPLINE.

IN THIS BOOK THE EPISTEMOLOGIST OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES ULISES TOLEDO NICKELS DEVELOPS A RECONSTRUCTION OF A NUMBER OF THEORETICAL, EPISTEMOLOGICAL, AND METHODOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS AND OF THE FINDINGS OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH THAT, DURING THE 20TH CENTURY AND THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST, HAVE RESULTED IN THE CONSTITUTION OF A SCIENCE OF SOCIETY WITH PHENOMENOLOGY AT ITS CORE. THE INTENTION OF SUCH A RECONSTRUCTION IS TO SHOW THAT THE COLLECTION OF PERSPECTIVES WITHIN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IS NEITHER CHAOTIC NOR DISPERSED. ON THE CONTRARY, IT IS POSSIBLE TO ACHIEVE A NOMOTHETIC APPRAISAL FROM THE LINK OF MOTIVES, PERSPECTIVES, AND SEARCH STRATEGIES THAT, FROM THE AUTHORS POINT OF VIEW, MAKES POSSIBLE SUPPORT OF THE IDEA THAT THIS STANCE REPRESENTS A LONG TERM RESEARCH PROGRAM. TO STRENGTHEN THIS ARGUMENT, HE USES THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL CATEGORIES THAT BELONG TO A SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PROGRAM IN ACCORD WITH THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE HISTORICAL RESEARCH OF I. LAKATOS. WITH THOSE CATEGORIES, TOLEDO NICKELS GOES IN A POLYTHETIC DIRECTION (INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL HISTORY) TOWARD AN INVESTIGATION OF THE MULTIPLE STREAMS AND STAGES THAT UNDERLIE THIS SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PROGRAM CALLED SOCIO-PHENOMENOLOGY.

THIS ARTICLE DEMONSTRATES THE MAIN RESULTS OBTAINED BY A STUDY CONDUCTED IN 2009 WITH 166 PROFESSIONAL SOCIAL WORKERS WHO DIRECTLY EXERCISE THE PROFESSION IN GRAN CONCEPCIÓN, CHILE. THE STUDY WAS STIMULATED BY THE ABSENCE OF EMPIRIC STUDIES ABOUT THE VALUATION OF THE GENERIC COMPETENCIES THESE PROFESSIONALS REQUIRE IN THE DIRECT EXERCISE OF THEIR PROFESSION. THE STUDY FOLLOWED A TRANSVERSAL-DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN OF A QUANTITATIVE NATURE. THE INSTRUMENT USED FOR DATA COLLECTION WAS A QUESTIONNAIRE, AND THE ANALYSES WERE BASED ON SINGLE, DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE VARIABLES. THEIR RELIABILITY WERE CALCULATED ACCORDING TO CRONBACH'S ALPHA AT 0.934. THE MAIN RESULTS SHOW A HIGH VALUATION OF THE GENERIC AND SYSTEMIC COMPETENCIES, FOLLOWED BY INTERPERSONAL AND INSTRUMENTAL ONES FOR THE EXERCISE OF THE PROFESSION.