THE DIGITAL PORTFOLIO (E-PORTFOLIO) IS A TEACHING LEARNING METHODOLOGY THAT ALLOWS COMPILINGTHEWORK DONE BY STUDENTS IN A SUBJECT,DEMONSTRATING ITS BREAKTHROUGH SELF REGULATINGPROCESS AND ASSESSMENT BASED ON SKILLS ANDCONTENT. THIS ARTICLE ILLUSTRATES A PILOT, AS A CASESTUDY, CONDUCTED IN 2015 ON THE SUBJECT OFPROJECT DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF A CHILEAN STATEUNIVERSITY, USING AS COMPLEMENTARY ASSESSMENTMETHODOLOGY IN MAHARA E PORTFOLIO SEMESTERPROJECT PLATFOR FOR STUDENTS. A SURVEY OFPERCEPTIONS ON USING THE PORTFOLIO, WHOSESTATISTICAL RELIABILITY ARE?APPLIED?ACCORDING TO THECRONBACHS ALPHA IS 0.97, WITH AN OVERALLEVALUATION OF 4.05 ON A SCALE OF 1 TO 6. TODETERMINE THE PROFILES OF STUDENTS HELD A TWO STAGE CLUSTER?ANALYSIS, CROSS REFERENCINGINFORMATION FROM THE SURVEY DATA TO INDIVIDUALHORIZONTAL NATURE WITH A MEASURE OF COHESION B0.7.THE RESULTS SHOW FOUR CLUSTERS BASED ON THE LEARNING VARIABLES, CONTRIBUTION TO THEPROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSITY SELECTIVITY

LATELY, QUESTIONINGS HAVE EMERGED ON HOW PUBLIC RESOURCES ARE MANAGED. THIS WORK CALCULATES THE TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF MUNICIPALITIES IN CHILE, WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE POLITICAL FACTORS THAT DRIVE EFFICIENCY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL RESOURCES. IN PARTICULAR, FOCUS IS PLACED ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLITICAL IDEOLOGY OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND CENTRAL GOVERNMENT. TO DO THIS, WE USE A PANEL DATA OF CHILEAN MUNICIPALITIES FOR THE YEARS 2010-2016. THE METHODOLOGY FOLLOWS TWO STAGES. FIRST, WE ESTIMATE EFFICIENCY SCORES BY THE DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS (DEA) APPROACH. SECOND, A FRACTIONAL PROBIT MODEL IS ESTIMATED TO EXPLAIN THESE SCORES. THE MAIN RESULTS SHOW THAT, ON AVERAGE, MUNICIPALITIES PRODUCE 49% ACHIEVE 49% LESS OF OUTPUT THAN THE OPTIMAL. HIGHER LEVELS OF EFFICIENCY ARE OBTAINED IN LARGER, URBAN COMMUNES AND WITH GREATER PARTICIPATION IN THE MUNICIPAL COMMON FUND. EFFICIENCY INCREASES WHEN THE MAYOR PRESENTS HIMSELF FOR A RE-ELECTION AND IS REDUCED IN THE PERIODS IN WHICH A LEFT COALITION GOVERNS. THE LATER EFFECT IS REDUCED TO THE EXTENT THAT THE MAJORITY OF THE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL SHARE THE SAME IDEOLOGY OF THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, SUGGESTING AN EFFECT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CENTRAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ON EFFICIENCY LEVELS.

EL OBJETIVO DE ESTE TRABAJO ES DESCRIBIR LA EVOLUCIÓN DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN SOBRE LOS SISTEMAS DE CLASIFICACIÓN DE UNIVERSIDADES (UNIVERSITY RANKINGS). LAS CLASIFICACIONES DE UNIVERSIDADES PERMITEN COMPARAR E INFORMAR ACERCA DE LA CALIDAD DE LA ACTIVIDAD ACADÉMICA DE LAS INSTITUCIONES DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR. LUEGO DE LA PUBLICACIÓN DE LA PRIMERA CLASIFICACIÓN GLOBAL EL AÑO 2004, RANKING DE SHANGHÁI, SE HAN IDO DESARROLLANDO DIVERSAS CLASIFICACIONES UNIVERSITARIAS E INCENTIVANDO UNA MAYOR DISCUSIÓN CIENTÍFICA SOBRE EL TEMA. PARA EL ESTUDIO SE UTILIZÓ COMO BASE DE DATOS LOS ARTÍCULOS DE ESTA TEMÁTICA PUBLICADOS EN LA WEB OF SCIENCE (WOS). SE APLICARON DIVERSOS INDICADORES BIBLIOMÉTRICOS QUE PERMITIERON DETECTAR LAS PRINCIPALES REVISTAS, ORGANIZACIONES Y AUTORES QUE HAN TRABAJADO EN EL TEMA. A PARTIR DE UN ESTUDIO DE CO-PALABRAS SE EVIDENCIARON LAS PRINCIPALES LÍNEAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN, DESTACÁNDOSE ENTRE ELLAS LA MEDICIÓN DE LA PRODUCTIVIDAD DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPETITIONS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS (HEIS) HAS MEANT ALIGNING PROGRAMS TO LABOR DEMANDS. BASED ON THE STATE OF THE ART AND GOVERNMENT GUIDELINES, THE MAIN COMPETITIONS OF BRAZILIAN ADMINISTRATION GRADUATES WERE IDENTIFIED. TWENTY-FIVE EXPERTS UNDER THE DELPHI METHOD AND 336 NATIONAL CAREER COORDINATORS WERE CONSULTED USING AN EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE. EMPHASIZING THAT THERE ARE 12 MAIN COMPETITIONS ACCORDING TO EXPERTS, MAINLY 8 ACCORDING TO THE TWO GROUPS, NOT EXISTING THE SAME VALUE. THERE IS A GAP BETWEEN THOSE REQUIRED BY THE MARKET AND THE COMPETITIONS IN THE TRAINING OF THE INSTITUTIONS.

ESTE TRABAJO ANALIZA LA EVOLUCIÓN QUE HA TENIDO LA INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA SOBRE LOS CONSEJOS DE ADMINISTRACIÓN? O LLAMADOS ?DIRECTORIOS? Y SU RELACIÓN CON LOS RESULTADOS FINANCIEROS DE LAS EMPRESAS. SE PROPONE UN ANÁLISIS BIBLIOMÉTRICO CON BASE A REVISTAS INDEXADAS EN WEB OF SCIENCE (WOS) HASTA EL AÑO 2019, PERMITIENDO EVIDENCIAR LA RELEVANCIA QUE HA TENIDO PARA LAS EMPRESAS Y EL MUNDO CIENTÍFICO. METODOLÓGICAMENTE, SE ANALIZÓ INICIALMENTE 4.468 ARTÍCULOS DEL ÁREA DE NEGOCIOS, FILTRANDO LA BÚSQUEDA DE AL MENOS UNA DE LAS PALABRAS CLAVE, ENCONTRANDO 3.302 PUBLICACIONES DESDE 1988. SE APLICARON TÉCNICAS BIBLIOMÉTRICAS APOYADAS POR EL SOFTWARE VOSVIEWER. ENTRE LOS RESULTADOS SE DESTACA QUE LAS PUBLICACIONES SE CONCENTRAN EN 637 REVISTAS, CON LA MAYOR PRODUCCIÓN ENTRE EL 2009 Y 2019, EQUIVALENTE AL 80,8% DEL TOTAL. TRES REVISTAS DE ALTO IMPACTO CONCENTRAN LA MAYOR CANTIDAD DE PUBLICACIONES. EUROPA LIDERA LA PRODUCCIÓN CIENTÍFICA, DESTACANDO LA ACADÉMICA ISABEL MARÍA GARCÍA SÁNCHEZ Y EL AUTOR MÁS CITADO DAVID YERMACK. LAS PALABRAS CLAVE MÁS CITADAS SON GOBIERNO CORPORATIVO, DIRECTORES Y DESEMPEÑO. SE OBSERVAN NUEVAS LÍNEAS POTENCIALES DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN TEMAS DE DIVERSIDAD, MUJERES Y CARACTERÍSTICAS PROPIAS EN LOS CA COMO EL ESTUDIO DE CASO DE PAÍSES EMERGENTES Y EMPRESAS FAMILIARES.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IS A DETERMINING FACTOR IN THE PERFORMANCE OF ORGANIZATIONS. FOR THIS REASON, SEVERAL RESEARCHES ON THE SUBJECT HAVE BEEN CARRIED OUT IN PRIVATE, PUBLIC AND FAMILY ORGANIZATIONS, AS WELL AS IN UNIVERSITIES. IN THIS CONTEXT, THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO ANALYZE THE EVOLUTION OF RESEARCH IN UNIVERSITY CORPORATE GOVERNMENTS, MAKING A COMPARISON WITH THOSE CARRIED OUT IN THE FIELD OF CORPORATE GOVERNMENTS. TO COMPLY WITH THIS, A DATABASE OF 265 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JOURNALS INDEXED IN THE WEB OF SCIENCE DURING THE PERIOD 1957-2017 WAS COMPILED AND ANALYZED. BIBLIOMETRIC TECHNIQUES AND METHODS WERE APPLIED TO UNDERSTAND AND DESCRIBE THE EVOLUTION OF RESEARCH IN THIS AREA. THIS MADE IT POSSIBLE TO HIGHLIGHT THE MAIN LINES OF WORK IN THE UNIVERSITY CORPORATE GOVERNMENTS AREA, TOGETHER WITH THE DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES WITH RESEARCH IN THE BUSINESS AREA. THE RESULTS ALLOW US TO CONCLUDE THAT THERE HAS BEEN A GROWING INTEREST IN PUBLISHING ON THIS SUBJECT, BUT WITH A LOW LEVEL OF SPECIALIZATION. THE RESEARCH FOCUSES MAINLY ON: NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT, ACCOUNTABILITY, MANAGERIALISM, REFORMS IN HIGHER EDUCATION, AMONG OTHERS.

ESTA INVESTIGACIÓN TIENE POR OBJETIVO MEDIR LA RELACIÓN ENTRE LA DIVERSIDAD PROFESIONAL DE LOS DIRECTORIOS Y EL DESEMPEÑO FINANCIERO DE LAS EMPRESAS BURSÁTILES DE BRASIL CON UN MODELO DE REGRESIÓN MÚLTIPLE. EL ESTUDIO ES DE CARÁCTER CUANTITATIVO CON UN ALCANCE EXPLICATIVO DE CORTE TRANSVERSAL, CONSIDERANDO LAS COMPAÑÍAS COTIZANTES EN EL ÍNDICE IBOVESPA PARA LOS AÑOS 2017 Y 2018. ASIMISMO, LOS DESEMPEÑOS DE ESTAS FIRMAS SE MIDIERON A TRAVÉS DE LOS INDICADORES FINANCIEROS, ROA, ROE, Y MARGEN DE UTILIDAD. LOS RESULTADOS REVELAN QUE EXISTEN DIRECTORIOS DIVERSIFICADOS, PERO NO SON ESTADÍSTICAMENTE SIGNIFICATIVOS FRENTE A LOS INDICADORES FINANCIEROS ROA, ROE Y MARGEN DE UTILIDAD. SIN EMBARGO, SE OBSERVA EN PROMEDIO UN 87,4% DE DIVERSIDAD PROFESIONAL Y UN 49,5% DE PRESENCIA DE POSTGRADOS DENTRO DEL DIRECTORIO. ADEMÁS, LAS ÁREAS DE INGENIERÍA, ADMINISTRACIÓN, ECONOMÍA Y LEYES PREDOMINAN EN LA TOMA DE DECISIONES.

LAKE LAGUNA SANTA ELENA, A FRESHWATER BODY, LOCATED IN MID-SOUTH OF CHILE, IS AN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSET USED AS A WATER RESOURCE BY THE AGRICULTURAL AND TOURISTIC SECTOR AND IS THE HABITAT FOR A WIDE VARIETY OF ENDEMIC AVIFAUNA. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO ASSIGN A MONETARY VALUE TO THIS LACUSTRINE BODY, USING THE METHODOLOGY OF AMUVAM (MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVE VALUES). THE INFORMATION WAS COLLECTED THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF SURVEYS TO A PANEL OF EXPERTS INVOLVED IN THE USE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE. THE RESULT OBTAINED WITH THE AMUVAM METHOD CORRESPONDS TO THE US $ 17,780,686, A FIGURE THAT REPRESENTS AN ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE TEV (TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE) OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSET. THIS STUDY, A PIONEER IN THE REGION, WILL SUPPORT DECISION MAKING, ALLOWING AN ADEQUATE MANAGEMENT OF THIS CRITICAL WATER RESOURCE.

THE BRAND IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT INTANGIBLE ASSETS IN ORGANIZATIONS, BEING A FACTOR OF RECOGNITION AND DIFFERENTIATION FOR THE UNIVERSITIES THAT IS NECESSARY TO MANAGE IN A HIGHLY COMPETITIVE SYSTEM. THE PURPOSE OF THIS WORK IS TO EVALUATE THE BRAND OF CHILEAN UNIVERSITIES IN FINANCIAL TERMS AND TO DETERMINE THOSE ATTRIBUTES THAT ARE CONSIDERED OF GREATER IMPORTANCE. A MULTICRITERIA APPROACH WAS USED. FIRST, A FINANCIAL VALUATION OF THE BRAND WAS ASCERTAINED THROUGH THE USE OF THE METHOD OF MULTIPLES, USING THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF SIXTY CHILEAN UNIVERSITIES DURING THE PERIOD 2012-2014. IN THE SECOND PHASE, 134 EXPERTS WERE CONSULTED USING THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) METHOD. AMONG THE MOST OUTSTANDING RESULTS, IT WAS DETERMINED THAT IN 34 INSTITUTIONS, THE BRAND GENERATES A GREATER VALUE, THE PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE CHILE IN THE FIRST PLACE, FOLLOWED BY THE UNIVERSITIES OF CHILE AND CONCEPCION, RESPECTIVELY. AT THE SAME TIME, IN 26 INSTITUTIONS THE BRAND VALUES WERE NEGATIVE, MAINLY IN THE CASES OF THE ARCIS AND DEL MAR UNIVERSITIES. IN TURN, THE MAIN ATTRIBUTES OF THE BRAND VALUES ARE HUMAN CAPITAL (43.4%), INFRASTRUCTURE (27.8%), RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D) (15%), YEARS OF ACCREDITATION (8.9%), AND MARKETING (4.9%).

LA DESERCIÓN ES UNA REALIDAD PARA LAS UNIVERSIDADES EN TODO EL MUNDO, ESPECIALMENTE EN LATINOAMÉRICA. LA DESERCIÓN CAUSA PÉRDIDAS DE RECURSOS DIFÍCILES DE CUANTIFICAR, SOBRE TODO PARA LAS UNIVERSIDADES, CUYA GESTIÓN FINANCIERA DEPENDE EN GRAN PARTE DE LOS INGRESOS PROVENIENTES DE SUS CARRERAS DE PREGRADO, EN LAS QUE ESTE FENÓMENO SE DA COMO UN HECHO CIERTO, SIN EXISTIR UNA MEDIDA DE VALORACIÓN DE LOS EFECTOS ECONÓMICOS QUE CREA PARA CADA INSTITUCIÓN. EN ESTE CONTEXTO, SE PRETENDE CUANTIFICAR LOS COSTOS DE LA DESERCIÓN DE UNA UNIVERSIDAD ESTATAL CHILENA, CON BASE EN SUS DATOS ACADÉMICOS Y FINANCIEROS, ENTRE 2016 Y 2019. SE EVIDENCIÓ UN ABANDONO DE 2900 ESTUDIANTES EN EL PERIODO, LO QUE REPRESENTA UN 7,67 % PROMEDIO DE DESERCIÓN RESPECTO A LA MATRÍCULA TOTAL. EL MOTIVO PRINCIPAL DE LA DESERCIÓN ES LA PÉRDIDA DE CARRERA ASOCIADA A RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO Y AL HECHO DE QUE LA MAYORÍA DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DESERTORES TENÍA COMO FUENTE DE FINANCIAMIENTO LA BECA DE GRATUIDAD, QUE REPRESENTA UN ALTO COSTO PARA EL ESTADO. EN TÉRMINOS MONETARIOS, EL COSTO DE LA DESERCIÓN A 2019 ALCANZA LOS USD 23 428 287,14.

PORK IS THE SECOND TYPE OF MEAT PRODUCED IN THE WORLD, WITH EUROPE BEING THE SECOND MOST IMPORTANT REGION AFTER ASIA. WITHIN THE EUROPEAN PORK MEAT MARKET, DENMARK AND POLAND ARE TWO RELEVANT PLAYERS WITH SOME DIFFERENCES IN THEIR PRODUCTION SYSTEMS (PS). THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS RESEARCH WAS TO STUDY THE VARIABLES THAT EXPLAIN THE BEHAVIOR OF PIG MEAT PRODUCTION AND THE RELATIVE TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF THE PS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE DIFFERENCES IN THE SYSTEMS. STOCHASTIC PRODUCTION FRONTIER MODELS OF THE TRANSLOG TYPE WERE USED FOR SAMPLES OF SWINE PRODUCERS IN THE PERIOD 2010- 2015. THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT THE SAMPLES OF PRODUCERS FROM BOTH COUNTRIES PRESENT HIGH LEVELS OF EFFICIENCY, WITH VALUES OF 0.899 AND 0.859 FOR DENMARK AND POLAND, RESPECTIVELY. THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTORS THAT EXPLAIN PIG PRODUCTION ARE FOOD AND CAPITAL. IN ADDITION, POLAND PRESENTS SIGNIFICANT TECHNOLOGICAL GROWTH IN THE PERIOD WITHOUT CHANGES IN EFFICIENCY, WHILE DENMARK DOES NOT PRESENT SIGNIFICANT TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS AND A DECREASE IN RELATIVE TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN THE PERIOD.

CON EL OBJETO DE EVALUAR LA GESTIÓN DE LAS UNIVERSIDADES CHILENAS EN TÉRMINOS DE SU ROL COMO GENERADORA DE CONOCIMIENTO, SE APLICÓ LA METODOLOGÍA DEA SOBRE UN SUBCONJUNTO DE UNIVERSIDADES. SEGUIDAMENTE, SE ESTIMÓ UN MODELO PROBIT FRACCIONAL CON LAS PUNTUACIONES DE EFICIENCIA OBTENIDOS PARA EXPLORAR FACTORES QUE INCLUYEN EN EL DESEMPEÑO. LOS RESULTADOS MUESTRAN ALTOS NIVELES DE EFICIENCIA EN INVESTIGACIÓN, CON LAS INSTITUCIONES PRIVADAS REPORTANDO MÁS ALTOS PUNTUACIONES QUE LAS ESTATALES, Y DETECTÁNDOSE ALGUNOS FACTORES IMPORTANTES EN LA OBTENCIÓN DE ESE DESEMPEÑO.