THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IS CURRENTLY TECHNOLOGICALLY CHALLENGED TO INCORPORATE NEW DEVELOPMENTS FOR ENHANCING THE PROCESS, SUCH AS THE USE OF 3D PRINTING FOR COMPLEX BUILDING STRUCTURES, WHICH IS THE AIM OF THIS BRIEF. TO DO SO, WE SHOW A SYSTEMATIC STUDY REGARDING THE USABILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF MOBILE MANIPULATORS AS DISPLACEABLE 3D PRINTING MACHINERY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES, WITH EMPHASIS ON THE THREE MAIN DIFFERENT EXISTING MOBILE PLATFORMS: THE CAR-LIKE, THE UNICYCLE AND THE OMNIDIRECTIONAL (MECANUM WHEELED), WITH AN UR5 MANIPULATOR ON THEM. TO EVALUATE ITS PERFORMANCE, WE PROPOSE THE PRINTING OF THE FOLLOWING BUILDING ELEMENTS: HELICAL, SQUARE, CIRCULAR AND MESH, WITH DIFFERENT SIZES. AS METRICS, WE CONSIDER THE TOTAL CONTROL EFFORT OBSERVED IN THE ROBOTS AND THE TOTAL TRACKING ERROR ASSOCIATED WITH THE ENERGY CONSUMED IN THE ACTIVITY TO GET A MORE SUSTAINABLE PROCESS. IN ADDITION, TO FURTHER TEST OUR WORK, WE CONSTRAINED THE ROBOT WORKSPACE THUS RESEMBLING REAL LIFE CONSTRUCTION SITES. IN GENERAL, THE STATISTICAL RESULTS SHOW THAT THE OMNIDIRECTIONAL PLATFORM PRESENTS THE BEST RESULTS ?LOWEST TRACKING ERROR AND LOWEST CONTROL EFFORT? FOR CIRCULAR, HELICOIDAL AND MESH BUILDING ELEMENTS; AND CAR-LIKE PLATFORM SHOWS THE BEST RESULTS FOR SQUARE-LIKE BUILDING ELEMENT. THEN, AN INNOVATIVE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS IS ACHIEVED FOR THE PRINTING OF BUILDING ELEMENTS, WITH A CONTRIBUTION TO THE REDUCTION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION.

A VARIETY OF RETROFIT OPTIONS CAN BE UNDERTAKEN TO REDUCE THE GROWING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ENSURE INDOOR COMFORT LEVELS IN HOUSING. THESE OFFER SPECIFIC SOLUTIONS WHOSE ENERGY PERFORMANCE CAN BE DETERMINED USING BUILDING THERMAL PERFORMANCE SIMULATIONS. THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS A COMPUTER TOOL TO HELP ANALYSE ALTERNATIVES TO IMPROVE ENERGY PERFORMANCE FOR SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSING IN THE CITY OF CONCEPCIÓN, CHILE. THIS SOFTWARE PROVIDES A NOVEL PROCEDURE TO MANAGE THERMAL SIMULATIONS, DEFINING RETROFIT PACKAGES BASED ON SIMULATION RESULTS AND THAT INCLUDE PRICE CALCULATIONS. THE SOFTWARE ALSO ALLOWS ESTIMATES TO BE MADE USING DATA FROM PREVIOUSLY STUDIED HOUSING IN THE REGION. BACKGROUND DATA ARE PRESENTED ON THE HOUSING TYPE UNDER STUDY AS WELL AS THE PROPOSED RETROFIT OPTIONS AND THE ANALYSIS OF SOME CASE STUDIES. THE SOFTWARE CAN SUGGEST RETROFIT PACKAGES WHICH PROVIDE REDUCTIONS THAT RANGE FROM A QUARTER TO HALF THE TOTAL ENERGY DEMAND AT A COST OF BETWEEN 5 AND 15% OF TOTAL HOUSE VALUE. THESE RESULTS SHOW THAT THE PROPOSED TOOL WORKS PROPERLY AND PROVIDES GOOD ENERGY-EFFICIENCY RETROFIT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THIS TYPE OF HOUSING, ALLOWING IT TO BE USED AS AN INNOVATIVE PUBLIC DISSEMINATION INSTRUMENT. FURTHERMORE, IT CAN BE EXTENDED TO MANAGE SIMULATIONS OF OTHER DWELLING TYPOLOGIES OR REGIONS TO SUPPORT PROFESSIONAL WORK.

CONSTRUCTION WITH COUNTER-LAMINATED TIMBER (CLT) BOARDS HAS SUBSTANTIAL CAPACITIES IN PREFABRICATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL PER FORMANCE, AS IT HAS BEGUN TO APPLY TO SOME BUILDINGS. THIS WORK ANALYZES THE CONDITIONS OF ARCHITECTURAL MODULATION IN SMALL CLT-CONSTRUCTIONS, IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE DESIGN STRATEGIES AND PRODUCTION STANDARDIZATION THAT AN IMPELL ITS USE. FIRST, PRO DUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS, AND THEN ARCHITECTURAL DIMENSIONS OF AN INTERNATIONAL SAMPLE OF CASES ARE REVIEWED, IDENTIFYING CONVER GENCES IN THE MAGNITUDES AND ORDINANCES, AS WELL AS A SIGNIFICANT VERSATILITY OF DESIGN AND SPATIAL EXPRESSION. THESE PROPERTIES REVEAL THE POSSIBILITY OF FOCUSING ON THE PRODUCTION IN THE DIMENSIONS AND CONFIGURATIONS MORE USED, TO FACILITATE ITS ELABORATION AND IMPLEMENTATION, AS WELL AS TO DIVERSIFY ARCHITECTURAL ARRANGEMENTS TO DISSEMINATE THIS CONSTRUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY

THE CURRENT DEPLETION OF FOSSIL FUELS AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ARE REQUIRING GREATER ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS, PARTICULARLY IN THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR. HOWEVER, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT ACTIONS FOR DWELLINGS ARE USUALLY BASED ON GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS, WITHOUT IDENTIFYING THE MOST APPROPRIATE MEASUREMENTS TO BE TAKEN IN EACH CASE, OR REVIEWING THEIR APPLICATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS. THIS ARTICLE PUTS FORWARD A STRATEGY TO PROPOSE EFFECTIVE AND FEASIBLE MODIFICATIONS IN THE DESIGN OR REFURBISHMENT OF SINGLE-FAMILY HOMES TO REDUCE ENERGY USE WHILE MAINTAINING INDOOR COMFORT. THE IMPROVEMENTS PROPOSED ARE BASED ON DYNAMIC ENERGY SIMULATIONS OF INDIVIDUAL MODELS ADAPTED TO LOCAL REALITIES THAT CAN BE CARRIED OUT BY REGULAR PROFESSIONALS. THE PROCESS INCLUDES THE REVIEW OF STUDIES AND INFORMATION ON THE GEOGRAPHIC AREA, AND COMPILATION OF THE CONSTRUCTIVE FEATURES AND OCCUPANCY DATA OF EACH HOUSE TO CREATE A PROPER ENERGY BEHAVIOUR MODEL. POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE BUILDING ARE THEN SIMULATED SEPARATELY IN EACH MODEL AND THE RESULTS RECORDED. SUBSEQUENTLY, A BUDGETARY ANALYSIS OF THESE ALTERNATIVES ACCORDING TO CONSTRUCTION COSTS AND FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS IS CARRIED OUT IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY RETROFIT PACKAGES AND CONSULT THE OPINIONS OF RESIDENTS AND BUILDERS. THE APPLICATION OF THIS STRATEGY IS DEMONSTRATED IN THE STUDY OF SEVERAL HOUSES IN CONCEPCIÓN, CHILE, WHERE DIFFERENT SETS OF MEASURES HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED TO ACHIEVE HIGH REDUCTIONS IN ENERGY DEMAND WHILE HAVING LOW COST AND BEING HIGHLY APPRECIATED BY THE PARTICIPANTS. THIS PROVIDES A METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING AND VALIDATING EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT OF EXISTING DWELLINGS AND NEW HOUSING PROJECTS.

ESTE LIBRO APOYA LA REALIZACIÓN DE PRESENTACIONES ANIMADAS DE PROYECTOS ARQUITECTÓNICOS, ANALIZANDO ANTECEDENTES HISTÓRICOS, TÉCNICOS Y PRECEPTUALES. SE REVISAN EN PARTICULAR TÉCNICAS CINEMATOGRÁFICAS EN ALGUNAS ESCENAS DE PELÍCULAS, DOCUMENTALES DE EDIFICIOS Y ANIMACIONES PREMIADAS, DETERMINANDO PRINCIPIOS DE VISUALIZACIÓN EN LOS SISTEMAS DIGITALES Y PROPONIENDO UNA METODOLOGÍA GENERAL PARA REALIZAR ANIMACIONES ARQUITECTÓNICAS.

PRIMARY CARE CENTERS ARE ESTABLISHMENTS WITH ELEVATED SOCIAL RELEVANCE AND HIGH OPERATIONAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION. IN CHILE, THERE MORE THAN 628 FAMILY HEALTHCARE CENTERS (CESFAM) HAVE BEEN BUILT IN THE LAST TWO DECADES AND WITH PLANS FOR HUNDREDS MORE IN THE NEXT FEW YEARS. WE REVISED THE ARCHITECTURE, CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF FIVE CESFAM CENTERS TO DETERMINE POSSIBLE INSTANCES OF OVERALL IMPROVEMENT. STAFF WAS INTERVIEWED, AND STATE DOCUMENTS REVIEWED, WHICH ALLOWED THE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE ARCHITECTONIC AND ENERGY STRUCTURE OF THE CENTERS, AS WELL AS THE PROCESS OF IMPLEMENTATION. AT THE SAME TIME, ENERGY SIMULATIONS WERE DONE FOR EACH ONE OF THE CENTERS, CONTROLLING FOR DIFFERENT CLIMATES, CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS AND ORIENTATIONS. OUR STUDY REVEALED THAT STRATEGIES EMPLOYED BY THE PRIMARY HEALTHCARE CENTERS IN CHILE HAVE AIDED A PROGRESSIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF ESTABLISHMENTS WITH ELEVATED COSTS AND MATERIALIZATION TIMES, AS WELL AS NEGLECT FOR CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. THESE ENERGY EVALUATIONS SHOW RELEVANT AND CONSISTENT IMPACTS OF THE ARCHITECTURAL FORM AND MATERIAL CONDITIONS, ESPECIALLY IN SOUTHERN ZONES, DEMONSTRATING THE NEED TO WORK WITH SHARED KNOWLEDGE RESOURCES SUCH AS BIM. THERE IS A CLEAR NECESSITY TO DEFINE TECHNOLOGICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL AND CONSTRUCTION STRATEGIES SPECIFIC TO EACH CLIMATE ZONE IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE ENERGETICALLY EFFICIENT AND INTELLIGENT HEALTHCARE ESTABLISHMENTS.

3D-PRINTED BUILDINGS CAN SAVE RESOURCES AND TIME, BOOSTING PRODUCTIVITY AND THE CONSTRUCTION?S SUSTAINABILITY. WHILE THIS NEW TECHNOLOGY IS DEVELOPING AROUND THE WORLD AND EXAMPLES ABOUND, ITS ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN CONDITIONS HAVE YET TO BE DETERMINED. THIS WORK ACCOMPLISHES A NOVEL IDENTIFICATION OF THE ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF CONSTRUCTION 3D PRINTING BASED ON PILOT TESTS, CASE STUDIES, AND DIGITAL MODELLING. LAB SCALE TESTS ?WITH MICROCEMENT AND A KUKA R120 ROBOT? HAVE LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIFFERENT CONSTRUCTIVE ELEMENTS. IN ADDITION, INTERNATIONAL MODELS OF IMPRESS HOUSING ARE REVIEWED, IN ADDITION TO DISCUSSING THEIR FORMAL CONDITIONS. BIM RIDIMENSIONAL MODELS ARE ALSO DEVELOPED BASED ON THE REGISTERED TESTS AND CONDITIONS. THE EXPERIENCES AND REVIEWS BASICALLY SHOW THE PRINTING OF CURVED AND COARSE PARAMETERS THAT POINT TO NEW ARCHITECTURAL POSSIBILITIES.

HIS PAPER PROPOSES THE DEVELOPMENT OF A METHODOLOGY FOR THE DIGITAL GENERATION OF VALID 3D-PRINTED HOUSES DESIGNS AND FABRICATION PROGRAMMING, IN THE SEARCH FOR AN EMERGING ARCHITECTURAL LANGUAGE OF THIS TECHNOLOGY. THE AIM IS TO DEVELOP A TRANSPARENT, GENERIC AND VARIABLE MODELING AND MANAGEMENT PROCESS, BASED ON SOME PARAMETRIC PATTERNS FOR 3D PRINTING, ARCHITECTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION DESIGN KNOWLEDGE. THAT SERVES AS AN OUTLINE OR INSIGHT OF WHAT CAN BE DESIGNING ARCHITECTURAL 3D-PRINTED FORMS IN THE CONSTRUCTION 4.0 ERA. PRELIMINARY RESULTS, DISCUSSION AND FURTHER WORK ARE PRESENTED

3D-PRINTED CONSTRUCTIONS EXPRESS THE CAPACITY OF AUTOMATED TECHNOLOGIES TO ELABORATE BUILDINGS THROUGH ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING. THESE CONSTRUCTIONS REQUIRE AN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN ACCORDING TO THEIR MANUFACTURING CONDITIONS. THIS RESEARCH REVIEWS BUILDINGS THAT HAVE BEEN EXECUTED WITH THESE TECHNOLOGIES IN ORDER TO DETERMINE ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS. FROM AN INTERNET SEARCH, A REGISTER WAS COMPILED OF 112 CASES OF 3D-PRINTED CONSTRUCTIONS AROUND THE GLOBE. THEY INCLUDE SOME 10,000 M2 OF BUILT SURFACE AREA AND WERE MAINLY ERECTED IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS. THE REVIEW SHOWS THAT CASES WERE BUILT BY APPROXIMATELY THIRTY EXECUTORS, MOSTLY ENTREPRENEURS? COMPANIES WHO HAVE MADE DIFFERENT BUILDINGS AS SINGLE-FAMILY DWELLINGS CONSTRUCTED WITH GANTRIES OR ROBOTIC ARMS, EITHER ON-SITE OR IN FACTORIES. MOST OF THE COMPONENTS PRINTED ARE WALLS, WITH SINGLE OR DOUBLE FILAMENTS WITH INTERIOR VOIDS. IN SOME CASES, THEY INTEGRATE REINFORCEMENTS AND OPENINGS. THE GEOMETRY OF THE 3D-PRINTED CONSTRUCTIONS VARIES BETWEEN ORTHOGONAL LAYOUTS THAT REPLICATE EXISTING BUILDINGS AND SPHERICAL SHAPES THAT REFLECT PRINTING CAPABILITIES. MANY OF THE CASES ARE A COMBINATION OF THESE CHARACTERISTICS, MIXING A TECHNOLOGICAL ADAPTATION TO EXISTING ARCHITECTURE AND NEW OPERATIVE CONDITIONS. THIS REVIEW REVEALS THE EMERGING DEVELOPMENT OF THIS CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM WITH THE PROGRESSIVE CONSOLIDATION OF SOME ARCHITECTURAL ATTRIBUTES.

EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS ARE SERVICES WITH A STRONG SOCIAL RELEVANCE, SCATTERED AROUND THE CITY BUT WITH EXTENSIVE DIMENSIONS. IN ADDITION, THEY HAVE INCREASING ENERGY INTENSITY AND LIMITED ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE, WHICH COULD BE IMPROVED WITH BUILDING-INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS, DULY ORIENTED TO MAXIMIZE THEIR CAPACITIES. THIS WORK INTRODUCES AN EVALUATION OF EDUCATIONAL MORPHOLOGIES TO DETERMINE THE BUILDING'S ACTIVE SUN CAPACITY AND PROPOSE IMPROVED PERFORMANCE SHAPES BASED ON THE STUDY OF FACILITIES IN CONCEPCIÓN, CHILE. A MULTIFACTORIAL ANALYSIS ALLOWS IDENTIFYING THE OPTIMAL POSITION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS, VERIFYING VARIATIONS IN ENERGY GENERATION.

THIS WORK PRESENTS AN EXPERIMENT WHERE A CONSTRUCTIVE SYSTEM WITH HOLLOW BLOCKS IS ASSEMBLED USING A ROBOT. THESE BLOCKS FORM A STAY-IN-PLACE SUPPORT TO RECEIVE A MIXTURE ONSITE, GENERATING A MONOLITHIC CONCRETE WALL WITH VERTICAL STEEL REINFORCEMENTS, AS WELL AS PROVIDING THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION CAPABILITIES. THE ASSEMBLY SYSTEM IS TESTED WITH AN INDUSTRIAL ROBOTIC ARM, PROGRAMMED TO ASSEMBLE THE BLOCKS FOLLOWING THE LAYOUT OF A BUILDING. THE TESTS DEMONSTRATE THE TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY FOR EXECUTION ONSITE, WITH PRODUCTIVITY ADVANTAGES AND SUITABLE FINISHES. THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE TESTS HAVE ALSO BEEN CARRIED OUT TO DETERMINE THE FILLINGS AND STRUCTURAL STUDIES FOR THE COMPLETE BUILDING LAYOUT, ALONG WITH DIGITAL MODELLING OF THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT. THE ASSEMBLY TESTS HAVE SHOWN THE SPEED AND VERSATILITY OF THE ROBOTIC SYSTEM, ALTHOUGH THE PLANNING AND INSTALLATION OF THE EQUIPMENT CONSIDERING THE BUILDING AS A WHOLE MUST BE DEVELOPED FURTHER.

THIS PAPER PROPOSES A TOOL FOR THE EVALUATION OF ALGORITHMS FOR GRID SYNCHRONIZATION USING THE DELFINO LAUNCHPAD TMS320F28379D PLATFORM, WITH THE OBJECTIVE OF SUPPORTING DEVELOPERS AND RESEARCHERS IN THE VALIDATION BEFORE THEIR TEST IN GRID-CONNECTED EQUIPMENT. THE PROPOSAL USES THE DIGITAL TO ANALOG OUTPUTS AVAILABLE IN THE LAUNCHPAD TO EMULATE THE GRID VOLTAGE, PROVIDING VARIATIONS IN AMPLITUDE, FREQUENCY, AND PHASE AND AT THE SAME TIME, PROVIDING RELEVANT SIGNALS TO EVALUATE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE TESTED ALGORITHM IN A SCOPE. THE WORK PRESENTS (I) A GLOBAL CLASSIFICATION OF SYNCHRONIZATION TECHNIQUES AND EVALUATION SCENARIOS, (II) THE TOOL CHARACTERISTICS AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION METHODOLOGY, (III) A STUDY CASE AND ITS RESULTS WHERE TWO SYNCHRONIZATION TECHNIQUES ARE IMPLEMENTED IN AN OPEN-SOURCE DEVICE, AND (IV) FINAL DISCUSSIONS OF THE TOOL AND THE RESULT.

THE ROOFS OF HOUSES LOCATED AT MIDDLE LATITUDES RECEIVE SIGNIFICANT SOLAR RADIATION USEFUL TO SUPPLY THEIR OWN ENERGY DEMANDS AND TO FEED BACK INTO THE URBAN ELECTRICITY NETWORK. HOWEVER, SOLAR PANELS SHOULD BE PROPERLY INTEGRATED INTO ROOFS. THIS STUDY ANALYZED ROOF GEOMETRY AND INTEGRATED SOLAR PERFORMANCE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC, THERMAL-PHOTOVOLTAIC, AND HYBRID SOLAR COLLECTION TECHNOLOGIES ON DWELLING CASES SELECTED FROM A SAMPLE OF RECENT HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS IN CONCEPCIÓN, CHILE. HOUR-BY-HOUR ENERGY GENERATION ESTIMATES AND COMPARISONS WITH DEMAND LEVELS WERE CALCULATED FOR REPRESENTATIVE DAYS DURING SEASONS OF MAXIMUM, MINIMUM AS WELL AS MID-SEASON. THESE ESTIMATES TOOK INTO ACCOUNT THE ROOF TILT AND ORIENTATION EFFECTS ALSO. TRNSYS@ SOFTWARE WAS USED TO DETERMINE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AND F-CHART TOOL FOR THERMAL ENERGY SUPPLY. THE RESULTS SHOW FIVE TIMES MORE PANELS CAN BE PLACED ON THE LARGEST AND MOST REGULAR SHAPED ROOF SECTIONS THAN ON THOSE WITH THE SMALLEST AND MOST IRREGULAR SHAPES. THE HOUSE MODEL WITH THE LARGEST ROOF SECTION CAN PROVIDE UP TO SIX TIMES MORE ENERGY THAN THE MODEL WITH THE SMALLEST SECOND ROOF SECTION IN DIFFERENT SEASONS AND SYSTEMS. THIS PAPER THUS PROVIDES NEW FINDINGS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES WHEN RELATED TO HOME ENERGY DEMANDS AND ROOF GEOMETRY.

COLLABORATIVE WORK IN BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM) PROJECTS IS FREQUENTLY UNDERSTOOD AS THE INTERACTION OF MODELERS IN AN ASYNCHRONOUS WAY THROUGH MODIFICATION REQUESTS OR VIA E-MAIL/TELEPHONE. HOWEVER, ALTERNATIVE WORK METHODOLOGIES BASED ON CREATING A COMMON AND SYNCHRONOUS ENVIRONMENT ALLOW SOLVING ISSUES INSTANTANEOUSLY DURING THE DESIGN PROCESS. THIS STUDY AIMED TO ANALYZE THE BEHAVIOR AND PERFORMANCE OF BIM USERS WITH DIFFERENT SPECIALTIES WHO WERE SUBJECTED TO AN EXPERIMENTAL EXERCISE IN A COLLABORATIVE ENVIRONMENT. FOR THIS PURPOSE, A PROCESS WAS DEVISED TO COLLECT, SORT, AND SELECT THE DATA FROM THE LOG FILES GENERATED BY THE BIM SOFTWARE. A TIMELINE OF THE EXPERIMENT WAS POPULATED WITH DATA ON THE INTENSITY AND TYPES OF COMMANDS USED BY EACH SPECIALIST, WHICH ALLOWED DETERMINING BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS, PREFERRED COMMANDS, INDICATORS OF THEIR EXPERIENCE, FURTHER TRAINING NEEDS, AND POSSIBLE STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING THE TEAM?S PERFORMANCE. IN THE EXPERIMENT, THE MECHANICAL DESIGNER?S PERFORMANCE WAS 49% AND THE REST APPROXIMATELY 64%, WITH RESPECT TO THAT OF THE ARCHITECT. AN AVERAGE RATE OF 1.66 NECESSARY OR AUXILIARY COMMANDS FOR EACH CONTRIBUTORY COMMAND WAS DETECTED. THE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE WAS 200?400 COMMANDS PER HOUR, WHICH INTENSIFIED BY THE END OF THE EXPERIMENT. FURTHER TRAINING NEEDS WERE DETECTED FOR THE PLUMBING DESIGNER TO REDUCE THE USE OF BACKWARDS COMMANDS. CONVERSELY, THE ELECTRICAL DESIGNER SHOWED A POSITIVE EVOLUTION REGARDING THIS ASPECT DURING THE EXPERIMENT. THE ANALYSIS METHODS HERE DESCRIBED BECOME USEFUL FOR THE AFOREMENTIONED PURPOSES. NEVERTHELESS, COMBINATIONS WITH METHODS FROM EXISTING RESEARCH MIGHT IMPROVE THE OUTCOMES AND THEREFORE THE SPECIFICITY OF RECOMMENDATIONS.

THIS PAPER SETS A METHODOLOGY TO INTEGRATE SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS IN BIM-SOFTWARE FOR THE EARLY ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF SINGLE HOUSES IN CONCEPCIÓN, CHILE, USING PARAMETRIC FAMILIES, PROGRAMMING IN DYNAMO, ENERGY CALCULATION WITH LADYBUG AND PIPING DESIGN IN MEP. THE RESULTS OBTAINED ALLOWED TO SELECT PRODUCTS, INSERT AND ADAPTS AUTOMATICALLY THE PARAMETRIC DESIGNS INTO THE MODEL, AS WELL AS TO IDENTIFY CHANGES IN THE TYPE AND NUMBER OF SOLAR COMPONENTS WHEN THE SOLAR ORIENTATION OF THE HOUSE IS MODIFIED. IT CAN BE APPLIED TO MORE PRODUCTS, DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS AND DESIGNS OF HOUSES OR BUILDINGS WITH A SIMILAR METHODOLOGY

ENERGY SIMULATION SYSTEMS ALLOW ANALYZING THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND DEMAND OF BUILDINGS, BUT THEY MUST HAVE RELIABLE AND PROPER PROCEDURES. THIS PAPER IDENTIFIES RELEVANT CONDITIONS OF ENERGY SIMULATION SYSTEMS FOR THE STUDY OF SINGLE-FAMILY HOMES, BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF A DOZEN PROGRAMS AND VARIOUS EXPERIENCES IN SOUTH CENTRAL CHILE. A REVIEW OF CAPABILITIES WAS CONDUCTED, SIMULATING THE SAME CASE IN ALL SYSTEMS AND MAKING INTERVIEWS WITH EXPERT USERS. BESIDES IT STUDIED THE INCIDENCE OF BACKGROUND DATA AND DIFFERENT STRATEGIES FOR ANALYSIS THE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF HOUSING. REVEALING SIGNIFICANT CHARACTERISTICS IN THE ENERGY STUDY OF DETACHED RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS. FINALLY IT SUGGESTS REVIEWING CERTAIN CONDITIONS TO ENSURE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AND SUBSEQUENT ACTIONS.

THIS STUDY AIMS TO INTRODUCE THE RESULTS OF A RESEARCH CARRIED OUT TO DEVELOP A PROTOTYPE OF A HIGHLY ENERGY-EFFICIENT MODULAR DETACHED HOUSE, CALLED CASA+ CASA MEANS HOUSE IN SPANISH, ADAPTED TO THE CLIMATIC FEATURES OF CENTRAL-SOUTHERN CHILE. THE PROJECT ENABLES A SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE TO FACILITATE THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE RESIDENTIAL AREAS AFTER THE IMPACT OF THE 2010 EARTHQUAKE. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: THE METHODOLOGY IS BASED ON AN ?INTEGRATED DESIGN PROCESS? OF A CASE STUDY THAT PROPOSES A CONSTRUCTIVE RESPONSE THAT QUANTITATIVELY AND QUALITATIVELY IMPROVES THE INITIAL DATA OF TRADITIONAL DWELLINGS. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NEW SYSTEM HAVE BEEN SIMULATED WITH SPECIFIC SOFTWARE TO VALIDATE THE FINAL DECISIONS, CONSIDERING THE COST?BENEFIT RATIO. FINDINGS: SIMULATION TOOLS WERE USED TO ASSESS AND IMPROVE THE SYSTEM?S ENERGY PERFORMANCE WITH RESPECT TO PRESENT OPTIONS AND TO ANALYSE ITS ECONOMIC AND CONSTRUCTION VIABILITY. WE OBTAINED SEVERAL ECONOMICALLY COMPETITIVE HOUSING PROTOTYPES THAT SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCED ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND THE CO2 FOOTPRINT BY BETWEEN 20% AND 80%. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: THE PROTOTYPE HAS NOT BEEN DEVELOPED, AS WE ARE WAITING FOR FUNDING, BUT ALL ITS ENERGY FEATURES HAVE BEEN SIMULATED. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: FURTHERMORE, THIS EXPERIENCE ALSO IDENTIFIED SIMILAR MODIFICATIONS MADE TO THE DESIGN OF THE HOUSES, WHICH REVEALED GENERAL POSSIBILITIES FOR IMPROVING ENERGY PERFORMANCE. SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS: THE ORIGIN OF THIS RESEARCH IS A PUBLIC CALL FOR INTERNATIONAL RESEARCHERS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF THE NEW HOMES TO BE BUILT IN CHILE AFTER THE STRONG EARTHQUAKE OF 2010. THE RESULT OF THE RESEARCH HAS BEEN PUT AT THE DIRECT SERVICE OF CHILEAN SOCIETY AND IN OTHER INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOW-ENERGY SOCIAL HOUSING. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: THESE ARE THE RESULT OF A LONG RESEARCH AIMED AT ESTABLISHING A NEW ARCHITECTURAL MODEL THAT, IN ADDITION TO IMPROVING THE ARCHITECTURAL QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT, OB

WE ARGUE THAT THE TRADITIONAL PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT IS COMMONLY TAKEN FOR GRANTED AND THAT LITTLE CONSIDERATION HAS BEEN GIVEN TO HOW THIS AFFECTS PUPIL?TEACHER INTERACTIONS. THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS EVIDENCE THAT CERTAIN PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTS DO NOT ALLOW EQUAL VISUAL INTERACTION AND, AS A RESULT, WE DERIVE A SET OF BASIC GUIDING PRINCIPLES THAT COULD CONTRIBUTE TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF CLASSROOM DESIGN. DISCUSSIONS ABOUT RESEARCH ON THE DESIGN OF CLASSROOM SPACES AND THE METHODS TO EVALUATE THEM ARTICULATE THE RATIONALE FOR THIS STUDY. WE SEEK TO ACCOMPLISH THIS BY FOCUSING ON TWO FUNDAMENTAL VARIABLES OF THE FACE-TO-FACE COMMUNICATION PROCESS: VISUAL AND DISTANCE. THEY ARE DISCUSSED IN THE CONTEXT OF FOUR CLASSROOM CASE STUDIES. THE METHOD IS BASED ON A HYBRID APPROACH COMPOSED OF FIRST-HAND VIDEO-PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDS, ISOVIST ANALYSIS AND PROXEMIC INFORMATION REGARDING DISTANCES. THE CONCLUSIONS SUGGEST THAT THE PROPORTION AND SPATIAL CONFIGURATION OF A CLASSROOM HAVE A SUBSTANTIAL IMPACT ON THE NUMBER OF PUPILS RECEIVING HIGH-QUALITY VISUAL INTERACTION WITH THE TEACHER. FINALLY, THE IMPORTANCE OF INTEGRATING EXPERIENTIAL ANALYSIS IN THE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PROCESS TO ENSURE THE QUALITY AND EQUALITY OF THE INTERACTION AMONG THE PROTAGONISTS OF THE TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS IS HIGHLIGHTED.