THE DEVELOPMENT OF APPELLATIONS OF ORIGIN (AO) IS ONE OF THE WINES OF OUTSTANDING WINE INDUSTRY IN ARGENTINA AND CHILE SUBJECTS. GIVEN THE STRONG TREND TOWARDS CONCENTRATION OF THE WINE INDUSTRY IN THESE TWO COUNTRIES, IT IS RELEVANT TO STUDY THE AO BECAUSE THEY REPRESENT AN APPROPRIATE MECHANISM TO REDUCE THE GAP AND ENHANCE THE POSSIBILITIES OF SMES. WHY AO NOT HAVE DEVELOPED IN ARGENTINA AND CHILE? THIS ARTICLE EXAMINES THE CAUSES THAT INHIBIT THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL AO IN THE REGIONAL VITICULTURE

EL PRESENTE ESTUDIO ANALIZA LA PARTICIPACIÓN Y PREMIOS OBTENIDOS POR VINOS CHILENOS EN EXPOSICIONES INTERNACIONALES ENTRE 1875 Y 1897, COMO ANTECEDENTE HISTÓRICO DEL POSICIONAMIENTO DE ESTA INDUSTRIA EN MERCADOS GLOBALES. MEDIANTE TABLAS CON INFORMACIÓN PRIMARIA DE DICHOS CERTÁMENES, SE IDENTIFICAN ACTORES DESTACADOS, CONTINUIDADES Y RECONOCIMIENTOS QUE FORJARON LA TRADICIÓN EXPORTADORA VINÍCOLA NACIONAL. LOS PRODUCTORES MÁS SOBRESALIENTES Y GALARDONADOS FUERON JOSÉ TOMÁS URMENETA, SILVESTRE OCHAGAVÍA, RAMÓN SUBERCASEAUX Y FRANCISCO ROJAS SALAMANCA, ENTRE OTROS. LA OBTENCIÓN DE MEDALLAS DE ORO SIMBOLIZÓ LA CRECIENTE CALIDAD DE LOS VINOS CHILENOS. ASIMISMO, EL ROL DE MUJERES VITIVINICULTORAS COMO VIUDAS DE PIONEROS TAMBIÉN RESULTÓ RELEVANTE.

THIS PAPER STUDIES THE HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF CHANCO CHEESE DURING TWO VERY DIFFERENT TIME PERIODS: 1860-1900 AND 1900-1930. THE FORMER WAS CHARACTERIZED BY A HIGH PRESENCE OF THE AFOREMENTIONED CHEESE IN CHILEAN SOCIETY, AND THE LATTER PERIOD ENCOMPASSED A TIME OF IDENTITY CONTAMINATION. UNLIKE PISCO, WHICH HAS BEEN DELIMITED AND PROTECTED AS AN APPELLATION OF ORIGIN (AO), CHANCO CHEESE HAS BEEN A VICTIM OF DILUTION OF ITS OWN IDENTITY AND CULTURAL VALUE. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT THE DILUTION AND DEVALUING OF CHANCO CHEESE WAS A RESULT OF THE INCOHERENT ACTIONS OF THE STATE, PRODUCERS AND MERCHANTS WITH RESPECT TO ITS ASSESSMENT, PROTECTION AND DELIMITATION OF ITS IDENTITY.

THIS ARTICLE STUDIES THE HISTORY OF PIPEÑO, TYPICAL WINE OF SOUTH-CENTRAL CHILE. THIS IS A WINE MADE FROM GRAPES COUNTRY, MUSCAT OF ALEXANDRIA AND OTHER LANDRACES. IT OWES ITS NAME TO THE PIPES CHILEAN OAK BARRELS, WHICH WERE FIRST USED IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. THESE ARE WINES MADE FROM TRADITIONAL METHODS, WITH DEEP ROOTS IN FOLK AND PEASANT LAYERS OF CHILE. FOR A LONG TIME WAS NEGATIVELY VALUED BY WINE EXPERTS AND SPECIALISTS. BUT IN RECENT YEARS IT HAS BEGUN TO DISCOVER FROM THEIR IDENTITY, HISTORY AND SOCIAL ROOTS.

EL ARTÍCULO QUE SE PRESENTA EMERGE DE UNA INVESTIGACIÓN REALIZADA POR ENCARGO DE LA ILUSTRE MUNICIPALIDAD DE SAN NICOLÁS Y QUE TUVO COMO PRODUCTO UN LIBRO YA PUBLICADO QUE RECONSTRUYE LOS PRINCIPALES PROCESOS HISTÓRICOS VIVIDOS ENTRE LOS SIGLOS XVI AL XX. CON EL DOBLE PROPÓSITO DE UNIR LA INVESTIGACIÓN HISTÓRICA A LA DOCENCIA Y, REALIZAR UNA CONTRIBUCIÓN DIDÁCTICA A LA FORMACIÓN CIUDADANA DE LOS JÓVENES DE ÑUBLE, SOBRE LA BASE DEL LIBRO SE REALIZÓ UN TRABAJO DE ADAPTACIÓN QUE PERMITIÓ ELABORAR UN TEXTO QUE RECONSTRUYE LA EVOLUCIÓN DE LA HACIENDA COMPROBÁNDOSE QUE LA HISTORIA DE LA ZONA SE ENCUENTRA LIGADA, DESDE SUS ORÍGENES, CON LA ACCIÓN DE IMPORTANTES FAMILIAS, QUE UNIERON SUS DESTINOS VÍA MATRIMONIO LLEGANDO A OSTENTAR LA PROPIEDAD Y TENENCIA DE LA TIERRA. SE TRATA DE LAS FAMILIAS LANTAÑO, MIERES Y MARTÍN, UNIÓN QUE DARÍA LUGAR A LA EXISTENCIA DE PERSONAJES DE GRAN IMPORTANCIA PARA EL DESARROLLO POLÍTICO, ECONÓMICO Y SOCIAL DE ÑUBLE. SE DESTACA EL ROL ECONÓMICO DE ESTA FAMILIA Y LAS RELACIONES ESTABLECIDAS CON SUS TRABAJADORES A TRAVÉS DE DIVERSAS DÉCADAS, LO QUE PERMITE APROXIMARSE A LO SUCEDIDO EN LOS CAMPOS DE LA ZONA. A RAÍZ DE LA REFORMA AGRARIA Y DE LOS PROCESOS DE MINI FUNDIZACIÓN, EL ENORME PODER DE DICHA FAMILIA Y SU RIQUEZA LLEGARÁ A SU FIN, NO HA OCURRIDO LO MISMO CON LA MEMORIA COLECTIVA DE LA COMUNIDAD QUE SIGUE RECORDÁNDOLOS, PARA BIEN O PARA MAL. DESDE EL PUNTO DE VISTA DIDÁCTICO EL MATERIAL HA PERMITIDO QUE ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACIÓN MEDIA ACCEDAN A LA COMPRENSIÓN DE PROCESOS DE CONTINUIDAD Y CAMBIO HISTÓRICO A TRAVÉS DEL TRABAJO DE ANÁLISIS DE FUENTES ESCRITAS SOBRE HISTORIA LOCAL.

THE ARTICLE EXAMINES THE HISTORY OF CHICHA, A TYPICAL PRODUCT OF CHILE, WHICH DATES BACK TO THE SPANISH COLONY. THE BEER IS OBTAINED FROM THE PARTIAL FERMENTATION OF THE GRAPE JUICE. IT WAS IMPORTANT FOR THE CHILEAN AGRIBUSINESS EIGHTEENTH CENTURY AND REACHED ITS APOGEE IN THE NINETEENTH. LATER, CHICHA WAS REPLACED WITH FRENCH WINE GRAPES. BUT IT REMAINED ROOTED DRINK THE RURAL POPULATION AND THE CHILEAN NATIONAL HOLIDAY. THE ARTICLE EXAMINES THE CHARACTERISTICS THAT HAD THIS PRODUCT, ITS RISE AND FALL, ALONG WITH THEIR CURRENT SURVIVAL AND OFFICIAL RECOGNITION.

PISCO IS A GRAPE BRANDY, ELABORATED IN ATACAMA AND COQUIMBO REGIONS, IN CHILE. DELIMITED AS APPELLATION OF ORIGIN IN 1931, IT REPRESENTS THE MOST SUCCESSFUL AO OF THE SOUTH CONE OF AMERICA, WITH POSITIVE SOCIAL AND TERRITORIAL EFFECTS. THIS PAPER EXAMINES SOME ASPECTS ABOUT THE SPROUTING OF THIS PRODUCT, ITS LOCAL AND EXTERNAL PROBLEMS.

THIS ARTICLE EXAMINES THE EMERGENCE, CONSOLIDATION AND DECLINE OF CHACOLÍ, TYPICAL CHILEAN WINE. HEIR TO THE SPANISH COLONIAL TRADITION, THE CHILEAN CHACOLÍ WAS MADE FROM UVA PAÍS (CALLED MISSION IN CALIFORNIA), MUSCAT OF ALEXANDRIA AND LANDRACES, ESPE CIALLY TORONTEL (YELLOW MUSCAT). IN THE LAST THIRD OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, CHACOLÍ REPRESENTED 28% OF CHILEAN WINE PRODUCTION. THIS TYPICAL WINE THEN BEGAN TO DECLINE, STRONGLY CRITICIZED BY EUROPEAN TECHNOCRATS AND THEIR CHILEAN FANS WHO DENIED ANY VALUE WINE VARIETIES USED AND ARTISANAL METHODS. ANYWAY, THE CHACOLÍ HAS REMAINED LATENT IN SMALL SEGMENTS OF CONSUMERS, ESPECIALLY POPULAR SEGMENTS AND PEASANTS; MOREOVER, SINCE 1975 IT CLAIMED IN CHACOLÍ FESTIVAL, HELD ANNUALLY IN DOÑIHUE, IN THE DEEP HEART OF THE TRADITIONAL PROVINCE OF COLCHAGUA