OBJECTIVE: TO ANALYZE THE STAGE OF CHANGE IN FOOD CONSUMPTION WITH WARNING LABELS AMONG CHILEAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY WHICH APPLIED SURVEYS IN UNIVERSITIES FROM ALL OVER THE COUNTRY. STUDY INCLUDED 4807 PARTICIPANTS OF 18 TO 40 YEARS OF BOTH SEXES WHO WERE ASKED ABOUT THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE OF THE NEW FOOD LAW AND FOOD CONSUMPTION WITH WARNING SIGNALS, INCLUDING QUESTIONS REGARDING THEIR WILLINGNESS TO BEHAVIOR CHANGE ACCORDING TO PROCHASKAS TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL. TO COMPARE CONTINUOUS VARIABLES, STUDENTS T-TEST WAS USED IN THE STATISTICAL PACKAGE SPSS 22.0, AND P

PARA CONTRIBUIR A LA VIDA SANA DE LA COMUNIDAD Y EN ATENCIÓN A LAS RECOMENDACIONES NACIONALES E INTERNACIONALES PARA COMBATIR LA OBESIDAD Y SUS CONSECUENCIAS, EN 2017 LA MUNICIPALIDAD DE QUILLOTA PROMULGÓ UNA ORDENANZA DE PROMOCIÓN DE SALUD PARA FAVORECER ENTORNOS ALIMENTARIOS SALUDABLES Y PARA LA PRÁCTICA DE ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA. NO ESTÁ DESCRITO EN QUÉ CONSISTE Y CUÁLES SON LAS DIFICULTADES PARA ESTABLECER ESTE TIPO DE NORMATIVAS LOCALES. EL OBJETIVO DE ESTE ESTUDIO FUE ANALIZAR EL PROCESO TÉCNICO Y POLÍTICO QUE CULMINÓ EN LA GENERACIÓN DE ESTA ORDENANZA COMO EJEMPLO PARA EL RESTO DE LOS MUNICIPIOS DEL PAÍS. CON UN DISEÑO CUALITATIVO, EXPLORATORIO Y RETROSPECTIVO SE RECOLECTÓ INFORMACIÓN A TRAVÉS DE ENTREVISTAS, GRUPOS FOCALES Y DIÁLOGOS PARTICIPATIVOS. SE REALIZÓ UN MAPEO DE ACTORES Y EL ANÁLISIS DE LAS LECCIONES APRENDIDAS, CONSIDERANDO BARRERAS Y FACILITADORES. LOS RESULTADOS MUESTRAN QUE LA ORDENANZA REPRESENTÓ UN DESAFÍO PARA LA TOMA DE DECISIONES QUE HABILITARON SU CONSOLIDACIÓN TANTO EN TÉRMINOS DE GESTIÓN TÉCNICA COMO EN LOS NIVELES DE PODER. ENTRE LAS LECCIONES APRENDIDAS DESTACA LA RELEVANCIA DE UN ESCENARIO POLÍTICO FAVORABLE, UN EQUIPO TÉCNICO COMPETENTE Y CON LIDERAZGO, Y LA FUERTE ARTICULACIÓN INTERSECTORIAL; SIENDO CLAVE LA VOLUNTAD DE LAS AUTORIDADES MUNICIPALES Y LA NEGOCIACIÓN CON SECTORES DE OPOSICIÓN. LA PARTICIPACIÓN COMUNITARIA ACTIVA FUE UN PUNTO DE COMPLEJA IMPLEMENTACIÓN.

SLEEP IS A BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF VITAL IMPORTANCE SINCE IT INTERVENES IN MULTIPLE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES SUCH AS ENERGY REGULATION, WITH POOR QUALITY AND/OR QUANTITY OF SLEEP BEING ASSOCIATED WITH OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY. THE OBJECTIVE WAS TO IDENTIFY THE ASSOCIATION OF INSUFFICIENT SLEEP WITH CHANGES IN PORTION SIZES, EATING PATTERNS AND OVERWEIGHT/OBESITY IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN LATIN AMERICA. METHODS: CROSS-SECTIONAL, MULTICENTER STUDY. STUDENTS, USING AN ONLINE QUESTIONNAIRE, WERE ASKED ABOUT THEIR DIET, HOURS OF SLEEP, WEIGHT AND HEIGHT, AND OTHER SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES. RESULTS: THE STUDY INCLUDED 4,880 STUDENTS, MOSTLY WOMEN (73.8%). THE REGRESSION SHOWED NO ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INSUFFICIENT SLEEP WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND INCREASED FOOD PORTION SIZE. IN MODEL 3 (HIGHER ADJUSTMENT), IT WAS OBSERVED THAT INSUFFICIENT SLEEP WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INFREQUENT CONSUMPTION OF BREAKFAST OR:1.22 (95% CI 1.07-1.40) AND FRUITS OR:1.16 (95% CI 1.01-1.33), AND NO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OR: 1.18 (95% CI 1.03-1.34), ON THE OTHER HAND THERE WERE PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATIONS AGAINST INSUFFICIENT SLEEP SUCH AS BELONGING TO THE FEMALE SEX OR: 0.86 (95% CI 0.74-0.99) AND BEING STUDENTS OF HEALTH CAREERS OR:0.64 (95% CI 0.56-0.73). CONCLUSIONS: THE STUDY REVEALS THAT INSUFFICIENT SLEEP IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IS ASSOCIATED WITH NOT EATING BREAKFAST EVERY DAY AND INSUFFICIENT FRUIT CONSUMPTION.

BACKGROUND: ON JUNE 27TH 2016 THE LAW THAT REGULATES SALE AND ADVERTISING OF FOODS HIGH IN CRITICAL NUTRIENTS WAS IMPLEMENTED IN CHILE. THIS LAW REGULATES THE PROCESSED FOOD PACKAGING LABELLING OF FOODS HIGH IN CALORIES, SATURATED FATS, SUGARS AND SODIUM. OBJECTIVE: TO DETERMINE 8-12 YEAR OLD SCHOOL CHILDREN ATTITUDES, FROM DIFFERENT SOCIOECONOMIC LEVELS (SEL) AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS, TOWARD THE NEW FOOD LABELLING LAW. METHODS: A PREVIOUSLY VALIDATED SURVEY WAS APPLIED, ADDING QUESTIONS REGARDING THE NEW LOGOS TO BE ADDED ON THE PACKAGING OF FOODS AND BEVERAGES. A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE VARIABLES BEING STUDIED WAS CONDUCTED AND DIFFERENCES IN RELATION TO THE SEL AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS WERE DETERMINED USING THE CHI2 TEST. RESULTS: STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE NOT OBSERVED FOR GENDER OR CITY. REGARDING THE NEW LOGOS, 87.3% OF THE CHILDREN FROM A MEDIUM TO HIGH SEL AND 78.5% FROM LOW SEL INDICATED THAT THEY LIKED TO BE INFORMED ABOUT THE CONTENTS OF FOOD (P < 0.01). FIFTY-THREE PER CENT FROM MEDIUM TO HIGH SEL AND 48% FROM LOW SEL WOULD STOP BUYING THE FOODS WITH LOGOS. FOURTEEN PER CENT TO 22% WILL CONTINUE TO CONSUME SWEET BISCUITS, SUGARY DRINKS, CHOCOLATES AND CHIPS, WITHOUT A DIFFERENCE IN SEL. CHILDREN WITH A NORMAL NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND MEDIUM TO HIGH SEL PLACED MORE IMPORTANCE ON LOGOS HIGH IN CALORIES, SATURATED FATS AND SODIUM, AND CHILDREN OF LOW SEL ON LOGOS HIGH IN SUGAR. OVERWEIGHT OR OBESE CHILDREN FROM MEDIUM TO HIGH SEL CONSIDERED ALL FOUR LOGOS MORE IMPORTANT THAN CHILDREN OF LOW SEL.

DEBIDO A LOS CAMBIOS EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS Y DEMOGRÁFICOS DE LOS ÚLTIMOS AÑOS, ES NECESARIO QUE LOS PROFESIONALES DEL ÁREA DE SALUD CUENTEN CON COMPETENCIAS BÁSICAS PARA ABORDAR EFICAZMENTE PROBLEMAS COTIDIANOS Y EMERGENTES DE SALUD PÚBLICA. SE REALIZÓ UN ESTUDIO DESCRIPTIVO TRANSVERSAL, DURANTE EL AÑO 2021 EN LA CIUDAD DE CHILLÁN, EN 261 ESTUDIANTES DE ÚLTIMOS AÑOS DE CARRERAS DEL ÁREA DE LA SALUD (NUTRICIÓN Y DIETÉTICA, ENFERMERÍA Y FONOAUDIOLOGÍA). SE APLICÓ UN CUESTIONARIO ELECTRÓNICO, DESARROLLADO POR EXPERTOS EN SALUD PÚBLICA DE CHILE, QUE MIDE LOS ÁMBITOS CONSTITUTIVOS: FUNDAMENTOS DE LA SALUD PÚBLICA, SEGURIDAD SOCIAL Y SISTEMAS DE SALUD, GESTIÓN EN SALUD, EPIDEMIOLOGÍA Y PROMOCIÓN DE LA SALUD Y PREVENCIÓN DE LA ENFERMEDAD. SE DETERMINÓ QUE LA AUTOPERCEPCIÓN DE LAS COMPETENCIAS EN SALUD PÚBLICA ES ALTA O MEDIANA EN LAS MATERIAS BÁSICAS DE SALUD PÚBLICA, FALTA MAYOR DOMINIO EN EL ÁMBITO DE LA GESTIÓN EN SALUD. ES NECESARIO IMPLEMENTAR ESTRATEGIAS ACADÉMICAS Y CURRICULARES QUE PERMITAN APOYAR EL DESARROLLO DE LA FUERZA LABORAL EN ESTOS CONTEXTOS.

EL OBJETIVO FUE INDAGAR LAS REPRESENTACIONES DE ESCOLARES CON SOBREPESO Y OBESIDAD CON RESPECTO AL CONSUMO DE BEBIDAS AZUCARADAS Y LAS CONSECUENCIAS DE SU INGESTA PARA LA SALUD. EL ESTUDIO FUE DE TIPO CUALITATIVO HERMENÉUTICO DE CASOS, CON TÉCNICAS DE RECOLECCIÓN DE INFORMACIÓN DE GRUPOS FOCALES. SE REALIZÓ EN ESTUDIANTES DE 8 A 12 AÑOS DE EDAD, CON SOBREPESO Y OBESIDAD DE ESCUELAS RURALES Y URBANAS DE LA PROVINCIA DE ÑUBLE. SE OBSERVÓ UNA ASOCIACIÓN ENTRE EL SABOR DE LAS BEBIDAS AZUCARADAS Y EL PLACER QUE LES PROVOCÓ SU CONSUMO, REALIZADO ESPECIALMENTE EN EL HOGAR Y ASOCIADA A LA ÉPOCA ESTIVAL. LOS NIÑOS MANIFESTARON CONOCER LAS CONSECUENCIAS DEL CONSUMO EXCESIVO DE BEBIDAS AZUCARADAS Y RECONOCIERON A SUS PADRES COMO LOS PRINCIPALES RESPONSABLES PARA EL CONSUMO DE ESTOS PRODUCTOS. REVELARON QUE LOS TIEMPOS DE OCIO, ESPECIALMENTE EN EL HOGAR, FAVORECÍAN EL CONSUMO DE BEBIDAS AZUCARADAS.

AIM OF STUDY: THIS STUDY FOCUSES ON THE PREFERENCE FOR AND CONSUMPTION HABITS OF BLUEBERRIES (VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM L.) IN AN EMERGING MARKET. THE OBJECTIVE IS TO ANALYZE THE DETERMINANTS OF BLUEBERRY CONSUMPTION IN CHILE AND EVALUATE TO WHAT EXTENT TRADITIONAL FACTORS, SUCH AS INCOME AND PRICE, ARE MORE DETERMINANT THAN OTHER ATTITUDINAL FACTORS AND LIFESTYLES. AREA OF STUDY: THE BIOBÍO REGION (CHILLÁN CITY), THE SECOND MOST IMPORTANT REGION IN CHILE. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A FACE-TO-FACE SURVEY IS APPLIED TO A RANDOM STRATIFIED SAMPLE. THE SURVEY COLLECTED INFORMATION ON ADOPTION OF HEALTHY LIFESTYLES, KNOWLEDGE OF BLUEBERRIES AS A NATURAL FUNCTIONAL FOOD, SOME SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS, AND TRADITIONAL ECONOMIC FACTORS. A HECKMAN MODEL IS ESTIMATED BY THE MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD. MAIN RESULTS: RESULTS SUGGEST THAT HIGHER BLUEBERRY CONSUMPTION IS POSITIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH THE ADOPTION OF HEALTHY LIFESTYLES, A HIGHER SELF-PERCEPTION OF HEALTHY HABITS, AND THE RECOGNITION OF BLUEBERRIES AS A NATURAL FUNCTIONAL FOOD. THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS REFLECTED THAT PEOPLE WITH A LOWER BODY MASS INDEX CONSUME FEWER BLUEBERRIES. FINALLY, TRADITIONAL FACTORS, SUCH AS INCOME AND PRICE, ARE SHOWED TO BE MORE INFLUENTIAL ON BLUEBERRY CONSUMPTION THAN ATTITUDINAL AND LIFESTYLE FACTORS. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: CHILEAN CONSUMERS PERCEIVE BLUEBERRIES AS A HEALTHY PRODUCT, WHICH CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ADOPT HEALTHIER LIFESTYLES. DOMESTIC MARKETS SHOULD BE SUPPLIED WITH HIGHER QUALITY PRODUCT TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THAT THE DEMAND IS PRICE INELASTIC. BRANDING AND PACKAGING WITH FUNCTIONAL CLAIMS COULD BE AN EFFICIENT STRATEGY TO INCREASE DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION.

INTRODUCTION: SHORT SLEEP, PHYSICAL INACTIVITY, AND BEING LOCKED UP ARE RISK FACTORS FOR WEIGHT GAIN. OBJECTIVE: WE EVALUATED WEIGHT GAIN ACCORDING TO SEX, AGE, HOURS OF SLEEP AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS FROM 10 LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. METHODS: CROSS-SECTIONAL AND MULTICENTER STUDY (N = 4880). RESULTS: THE AVERAGE AGE WAS 22.5 ± 4.4 YEARS. 60.2% WERE CURRENTLY LOCKED UP. 73.6% WERE WOMEN, 48.2% INCREASED THEIR BODY WEIGHT, 66% REPORTED INSUFFICIENT SLEEP HOURS, AND 65.9% WERE INACTIVE. WOMEN GAINED MORE WEIGHT THAN MEN (73.2%) AND YOUNGER STUDENTS GAINED MORE WEIGHT (85.1%). THOSE WHO HAD INSUFFICIENT SLEEP HOURS GAINED MOST WEIGHT (67.6%). INACTIVE PARTICIPANTS GAINED MOST WEIGHT (74.7%). STUDENTS WHO HAVE INSUFFICIENT SLEEP ARE 21% MORE LIKELY TO HAVE CHANGES IN BODY WEIGHT COMPARED TO STUDENTS WHO HAVE OPTIMAL SLEEP. CONCLUSION: THE INCREASE IN BODY WEIGHT AND ITS RISK FACTORS DURING CONFINEMENT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS EMERGING FROM PUBLIC HEALTH.

DURING CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE, EATING HABITS BECOME ESTABLISHED WHICH ARE INSTRUMENTAL IN DETERMINING EATING BEHAVIOR LATER IN LIFE. VARIOUS AUTHORS HAVE DESCRIBED THE ACCULTURATION OF THE MAPUCHE PEOPLE TOWARD WESTERN CULTURE. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO ANALYZE THE EATING CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIGENOUS AND NON-INDIGENOUS ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN THE ARAUCANÍA REGION OF CHILE. A CROSS-SECTIONAL DESIGN WAS USED WITH A PROBABILISTIC SAMPLE OF 281 ADOLESCENTS COMPRISED OF 139 INDIGENOUS AND 142 NON-INDIGENOUS GIRLS ATTENDING 168 ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS. A MODIFIED FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE WAS APPLIED, DESIGNED TO OBTAIN INFORMATION ABOUT EATING HABITS AND CONSUMPTION OF MAPUCHE FOODS. THE EATING SCHEDULES ARE SIMILAR IN BOTH ETHNIC GROUPS, WITH DINNER BEING THE MEAL THAT IS LEAST CONSUMED. TOTAL SNACK CONSUMPTION PER WEEK HAS A MEAN OF 7 WITH AN INTERQUARTILE RANGE (IQR) OF 5 TO 10 WITHOUT ANY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ETHNIC GROUPS; OF THESE SNACKS, ONLY 2 WERE HEALTHY (IQR=1 TO 3). THE INDIGENOUS GIRLS HAD A HIGHER PROBABILITY OF CONSUMPTION OF NATIVE FOODS INCLUDING MOTE (BOILED WHEAT) (OR=2.00; IC=0.93-4.29), MUDAY (FERMENTED CEREAL ALCOHOL) (OR=3.45; IC=1.90-6.27), AND YUYO (FIELD MUSTARD) (OR=4.40; IC=2.06-9.39). THE STUDY?S CONCLUSION IS THAT THE THE EATING HABITS AND BEHAVIOR OF INDIGENOUS ADOLESCENTS ARE SIMILAR TO THOSE OF NON-INDIGENOUS GIRLS, THOUGH THE FORMER STILL CONSUME MORE INDIGENOUS FOODS.

LA INGESTA DE FRUTAS Y VERDURAS (FV) ES RECONOCIDA COMO UN FACTOR PROTECTOR DE LA SALUD CARDIOVASCULAR Y CIERTOS TIPOS DE CÁNCER. OBJETIVO: IDENTIFICAR LAS OPINIONES DE MUJERES CHILENAS, ASOCIADAS AL CONSUMO DE FV. MÉTODOS: ESTUDIO DE INVESTIGACIÓN CUALITATIVA, MEDIANTE EL EMPLEO DEL ANÁLISIS DEL DISCURSO Y LA INTERPRETACIÓN DEL LENGUAJE. LA MUESTRA ESTUVO CONSTITUIDA POR 40 MUJERES DE EDADES ENTRE LOS 20 Y 65 AÑOS, CON NIVEL SOCIOECONÓMICO (NSE) MEDIO Y MEDIO BAJO QUE PARTICIPABAN EN EL PROGRAMA MUJERES JEFAS DE HOGAR (PMJH) EN CHILLÁN. A TRAVÉS DE CUATRO GRUPOS DE DISCUSIÓN SE IDENTIFICAN LAS OPINIONES DE MUJERES EN TORNO A MOTIVACIONES, BARRERAS, GASTOS ASOCIADOS Y CONOCIMIENTOS RESPECTO AL CONSUMO DE FV. RESULTADOS: ENTRE LAS PRINCIPALES MOTIVACIONES PARA EL CONSUMO DE FV POR PARTE DE LAS MUJERES, SE ENCONTRARON LOS BENEFICIOS PARA LA SALUD Y CALIDAD DE VIDA. RESPECTO A LOS OBSTÁCULOS PARA NO CONSUMIR FV, SE ENCONTRÓ EL COSTO ECONÓMICO. LAS MUJERES MANIFESTARON CONOCER LAS RECOMENDACIONES DE CONSUMO, RECONOCIENDO EL PAPEL DEL PERSONAL DE SALUD. LAS MUJERES DESTACARON A LOS NIÑOS COMO PRINCIPALES CONSUMIDORES DE FV EN EL HOGAR. CONCLUSIONES: LAS MUJERES RECONOCEN LA IMPORTANCIA DE CONSUMIR FV PARA MANTENER UN ÓPTIMO ESTADO DE SALUD, SIN EMBARGO, EL PRECIO CONDICIONA SU CONSUMO.

THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO ESTIMATE ADOLESCENT FRUIT AND VEGETABLE INTAKE. AN ANALYTICAL CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY WAS CONDUCTED WITH A RANDOM SAMPLE OF 100 ADOLESCENTS BETWEEN THE AGES OF 14 AND 17 FROM A PRIVATE SUBSIDIZED SCHOOL IN CHILLÁN. NUTRITIONAL STATUS WAS EVALUATED ACCORDING TO BMI, AND A FOOD SURVEY WAS APPLIED. THE SURVEY WAS SPECIALLY DESIGNED TO CAPTURE FRUIT AND VEGETABLE INTAKE AND WAS APPLIED BY PERSONNEL WITH STANDARDIZED TRAINING. RESULTS: MEDIAN FRUIT AND VEGETABLE INTAKE WAS 217G (P25-P75: 139G-328G) AND 183 G (P25-P75: 139G-299G) RESPECTIVELY; VEGETABLE INTAKE WAS HIGHER FOR GIRLS (217G V/S 165G, P=0.001). HIGHLY INADEQUATE FRUIT AND VEGETABLE INTAKE WAS 12% FOR GIRLS AND 88% FOR BOYS. CONCLUSIONS: ADOLESCENT FRUIT AND VEGETABLE INTAKE WAS LOWER THAN THE RECOMMENDED INTAKE.

THERE IS WORLDWIDE INTEREST IN MEASURING LOCAL FOOD ENVIRONMENTS (FES). THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DEVELOP AND VALIDATE A SET OF INSTRUMENTS TO EVALUATE FES IN CHILE. METHODS: BASED ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF FOUR INSTRUMENTS TO MEASURE FES, A LITERATURE REVIEW, AN EVALUATION BY EXPERTS, AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A PILOT TOOL IN THE FES OF SCHOOLCHILDREN FROM NINE PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN THE COMMUNE OF CHILLÁN, CHILE, WERE USED. RESULTS: A TOOL TO EVALUATE FES WAS PROVIDED, BASED ON THREE DIMENSIONS: AVAILABILITY, VARIETY, AND ADVERTISING OF HEALTHY FOODS. A TOTAL OF 1928 FOODS POINTS OF PURCHASE WERE EVALUATED. THE RELIABILITY WAS EVALUATED BY CRONBACH?S ALPHA. SOME 74% OF THE FOODS? POINTS OF PURCHASE WERE STORE LOCATIONS. THE RELIABILITY OF THE FOUR INSTRUMENTS WAS HIGH TO ACCEPTABLE (STORE: 0.90; INSTITUTION: 0.77; STREET FOOD: 0.74; RESTAURANT: 0.68). UNHEALTHY FOODS WERE HIGHLIGHTED BY THE SCORES OBTAINED: STORE (6.08 ± 4.07; RANGE: 0?13), RESTAURANT (3.95 ± 1.75; RANGE: 0?10), STREET FOOD (1.18 ± 1.56; RANGE: 0?7), AND INSTITUTION FES (3.38 ± 2.78; RANGE: 0?9). CONCLUSIONS: THE RESULTS OF THIS TOOL CAN PROVIDE INFORMATION TO GOVERNMENTS FOR INCORPORATING STRUCTURAL MEASURES TO ENSURE ADEQUATE AVAILABILITY, VARIETY, AND ADVERTISING OF HEALTHY FOODS IN DIFFERENT FES.

THIS STUDY AIMED TO COMPARE THE DIET QUALITY OF DIFFERENT DIETARY PATTERNS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS FROM LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES, INCLUDING VEGETARIANS, VEGANS, AND OMNIVORES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. A CROSS-SECTIONAL, OBSERVATIONAL, MULTICENTER STUDY WAS CONDUCTED INCLUDING A NON- PROBABILISTIC SAMPLE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS FROM 10 COUNTRIES. UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WERE INVITED TO PARTICIPATE IN THE STUDY THROUGH SOCIAL NETWORK PLATFORMS. PARTICIPANTS WERE SELF-REPORTED TO HAVE FOLLOWED A SPECIFIC DIETARY PATTERN; EITHER THE PRUDENT DIET, WESTERN DIET, OVO-DAIRY-VEGETARIAN DIET, FISH-VEGETARIAN DIET, STRICT VEGETARIAN DIET (VEGAN) OR OTHER. THE LAST THREE PATTERNS (VEGETARIANS AND VEGANS) WERE GROUPED AS FOLLOWING A PLANT-BASED DIET. A SELF-ASSESSMENT SURVEY WAS USED TO EVALUATE HEALTHY EATING HABITS USING A QUESTIONNAIRE WITH VALUES BETWEEN 1 (DO NOT CONSUME) AND 5 (CONSUME) FOR A TOTAL OF 9?45 POINTS (HIGHER VALUES REPRESENT BETTER EATING HABITS). UNHEALTHY HABITS WERE ASSESSED WITH NINE QUESTIONS. A TOTAL OF 4,809 STUDENTS FILLED OUT THE QUESTIONNAIRE, AND THE MAJORITY OF THEM WERE FEMALES (73.7%). A HIGH PERCENTAGE HAVE BEEN IN LOCKDOWN FOR MORE THAN 5 MONTHS AND WERE IN LOCKDOWN WHEN THE SURVEY WAS RELEASED. 74.3% WERE SELF-REPORTED TO FOLLOW A PRUDENT DIET, WHILE 11.4% REPORTED FOLLOWING A WESTERN DIETARY PATTERN AND 8.8% A PLANT-BASED DIET. WHEN COMPLIANCE WITH HEALTHY AND UNHEALTHY DIETARY HABITS WAS ANALYZED, ALTHOUGH ALL GROUPS HAD LOW COMPLIANCE, THE PLANT-BASED DIET GROUP (56.09 ± 6.11) PERFORMED BETTER THAN THE WESTERN DIET GROUP (48.03 ± 5.99). THE TOTAL DIET QUALITY SCORE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER FOR PLANT-BASED DIET FOLLOWERS, WHO ALSO TENDED TO BETTER ACHIEVE THE RECOMMENDATIONS THAN OMNIVOROUS STUDENTS, ESPECIALLY THE ONES FOLLOWING A WESTERN DIET. THESE RESULTS PRESENT EVIDENCE THAT YOUNG ADULTS SUCH AS COLLEGE-AGED STUDENTS HAVE UNHEALTHY DIETARY HABITS. HOWEVER, THE ONES WHO FOLLOW A PLANT-BASED DIET SUCH AS VEGETARIANS AND VEGANS EXHIBIT BETT

BACKGROUND: THE CORONAVIRUS 2 PANDEMIC (COVID-19) HAS CAUSED INTENSE CHANGES IN LIFESTYLES, FEEDING, AND NUTRITION HABITS. AIM: TO ANALYZE FOOD INSECURITY AND EATING HABITS DURING THE PERIOD OF QUARANTINE IN A GROUP OF CHILEAN INDIVIDUALS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: AN ONLINE SURVEY WAS CONDUCTED IN 2,767 HOUSEHOLDS WITH QUESTIONS ABOUT THE SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION OF THE HOUSEHOLD, HOUSEHOLD FOOD PURCHASING HABITS IN THE QUARANTINE PERIOD FOR COVID-19, AND PERCEPTION OF FOOD INSECURITY. RESULTS: MORE THAN 60% OF HOUSEHOLDS (P < 0.01) WERE WORRIED ABOUT NOT HAVING ENOUGH FOOD, ESPECIALLY WHEN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE LIVED IN THEM. THIS PERCEPTION INCREASED IN URBAN HOUSEHOLDS (P < 0.01) AND THOSE LOCATED IN THE CENTRAL-SOUTHERN AND SOUTHERN REGIONS (P < 0.01). DURING THE PANDEMIC, THE CONSUMPTION OF HEALTHY PRODUCTS SUCH AS MILK INCREASED IN 50% OF HOUSEHOLDS, LEGUMES IN 72%, EGGS IN 79%, FRUITS IN 54%, VEGETABLES IN 67% AND WATER IN 81%. THERE WAS ALSO A LOWER CONSUMPTION OF UNHEALTHY AND ULTRA-PROCESSED FOODS SUCH AS HOT-DOGS IN 90% OF HOUSEHOLDS, SAUSAGES IN 73%, SUGARY DRINKS IN 79% AND ICE CREAM IN 83%. CONCLUSIONS: THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN CHILE INCREASED THE PERCEPTION OF FOOD INSECURITY IN HOUSEHOLDS WITH VULNERABLE CONDITIONS. HOWEVER, THE CONSUMPTION OF HEALTHIER FOODS INCREASED.

HANTAVIRUS INFECTION IS AN ENDEMIC ZOONOSIS IN CHILE, WITH AN AVERAGE LETHALITY OF AROUND 36%. THE HIGHEST LETHALITY (60%) WAS RECORDED IN 1997. PREVENTION STRATEGIES HAVE BEEN APPLIED SINCE THEN. EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND TECHNOLOGIES, SUCH AS THE USE OF ECMO (EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION) AND HANTAVIRUS IMMUNE PLASMA, HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO INCREASING THE SURVIVAL OF PEOPLE DUE TO THIS DISEASE AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL. IN THE NEWLY CREATED REGION OF ÑUBLE IN CHILE, THE INCIDENCE AND LETHALITY OF HANTAVIRUS CASES ARE UNKNOWN; THEREFORE, THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS RESEARCH IS TO DESCRIBE THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF HANTAVIRUS CASES IN THE REGION OF ÑUBLE, CHILE FROM 2002 TO 2018. THIS KNOWLEDGE CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIATING AND JUSTIFIES THE NEED TO INVEST IN TECHNOLOGY AND REINFORCE INTERVENTIONS RELATED TO THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION OF THIS DISEASE IN THE REGION. CASES REPORTED IN THE ÑUBLE REGION DURING THE PERIOD 2002-2018, EXTRACTED FROM THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH OF HANTAVIRUS CASES OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF CHILE, WERE ANALYZED RETROSPECTIVELY. THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF THE ÑUBLE REGION IS VERY SIMILAR TO THE NATIONAL ONE IN TERMS OF CHARACTERIZING THE INDIVIDUAL SUFFERING FROM THE DISEASE. THE MOST AFFECTED POPULATION IS YOUNG MEN, RESIDENTS IN RURAL AREAS, AND MAINLY FROM A LOW SOCIOECONOMIC SEGMENT. THE REGIONAL PROFILE OF HANTAVIRUS CASES MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO IDENTIFY THREE COMMUNES WITH THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF CASES: EL CARMEN, COIHUECO, AND SAN CARLOS. A POLITICAL-ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSE IS EXPECTED TO FOCUS ON AND OPTIMIZE STRATEGIES AND RESOURCES TO REDUCE THE INCIDENCE AND LETHALITY OF THIS PATHOLOGY IN THE ÑUBLE REGION.