COMPARAR LAS MARCAS DE UNA MEDALLISTA CHILENA EN PARACANOTAJE, PRUEBA DE KAYAK, 200 METROS, CLASE DEPORTIVA KL1,+ DURANTE LOS AÑOS 2016 Y 2022 EN COMPETENCIAS INTERNACIONALES, CON LA MARCA DE LA MEDALLA DE ORO POR EVENTO Y RELACIONAR CON VARIABLES DE ORGANIZACIÓN Y ESTRUCTURAS DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA EL DEPORTE EN CHILE. METODOLOGÍA: ESTUDIO DE CASO DE CARÁCTER DESCRIPTIVO CON ANÁLISIS DE DATOS DOCUMENTALES A PARTIR DE UN DISEÑO LONGITUDINAL. LAS VARIABLES ANALIZADAS FUERON LA MEJOR MARCA REGISTRADA POR UN ATLETA DE PARACANOTAJE CHILENA, CLASE KL1, 200 METROS EN CADA AÑO Y LA MARCA REGISTRADA POR LA MEDALLA DE ORO EN JUEGOS PARALIMPICOS DE VERANO Y CAMPEONATOS MUNDIALES DE 2016 AL 2022.

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXPLORE CHILEAN PHYSICAL EDUCATORS

A RELATIVE AGE EFFECT (RAE), BY WHICH YOUNG ATHLETES WITH BIRTHDATES EARLY IN A CALENDAR YEAR HAVE EXPERIENCED A TEAM SELECTION ADVANTAGE THAT PERSISTS THROUGHOUT THEIR CAREERS, HAS BEEN FOUND TO BE PREVALENT IN MANY SPORTS. HOWEVER, THIS PHENOMENON HAS NOT BEEN INVESTIGATED IN THE PARALYMPIC SPORTS CONTEXT. THUS, WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE PREVALENCE OF RAE AMONG MALE AND FEMALE BRAZILIAN PARALYMPIC SWIMMERS. DATA FROM 694 RANKED ATHLETES WERE COLLECTED FROM THE 2021 BRAZILIAN PARALYMPIC SWIMMERS NATIONAL RANKINGS. ATHLETES? BIRTHDATES WERE DIVIDED INTO FOUR QUARTERS (Q1, Q2, Q3, AND Q4) ACCORDING TO THEIR MONTH OF BIRTH. CHI-SQUARE (?2) GOODNESS-OF-FIT TESTS WERE USED TO COMPARE THE OBSERVED AND EXPECTED DISTRIBUTIONS OF ATHLETES BORN IN EACH QUARTER, BASED ON SEX (MALE AND FEMALE), IMPAIRMENT TYPE (PHYSICAL, VISUAL, AND INTELLECTUAL), AND SWIM STROKE COMPETITION (FREESTYLE, MEDLEY, BACKSTROKE, BUTTERFLY, AND BREASTSTROKE). THE OBSERVED BIRTHDATES DISTRIBUTIONS WERE DIFFERENT FROM EXPECTED IN MALES (?2 = 11.647; P = 0.009) AND FEMALES (?2 = 8.899; P = 0.031), FOR ATHLETES WITH PHYSICAL IMPAIRMENTS (?2 = 10.443; P = 0.015); AND FOR ATHLETES WHO COMPETED IN FREESTYLE (?2 = 16.683; P = 0.001), MEDLEY (?2 = 12.343; P = 0.006) AND BACKSTROKE (?2 = 8.025; P = 0.045) RACES. EVEN THOUGH OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATED ASYMMETRIC DISTRIBUTIONS OF BRAZILIAN PARALYMPIC SWIMMERS? BIRTHDATES IN MANY OF THE ANALYSES, WE COULD NOT ESTABLISH THE CLASSICAL PREVALENCE OF ATHLETES BORN AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR THAT DEFINES RAE. THEREFORE, THE SELECTION PROCESS OF BRAZILIAN PARALYMPIC SWIMMERS DOES NOT SEEM TO BE INFLUENCED BY THE ATHLETES? TIME OF BIRTH.

OBJETIVO: DESCRIBIR LAS EVIDENCIAS CIENTÍFICAS ACERCA DE LOS IMPACTOS DE LOS PROGRAMAS DE SENSIBILIZACIÓN HACIA LA DISCAPACIDAD (SHD) EN LAS CLASES DE EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA. METODOLOGÍA: SE REALIZÓ UNA BÚSQUEDA SISTEMÁTICA EN LAS BASES DE DATOS WEB OF SCIENCE, SCIELO, Y ERIC DURANTE EL PERÍODO DE FEBRERO DE 2010 A FEBRERO 2023. SE IDENTIFICÓ UN TOTAL DE 349 DOCUMENTOS, DONDE POSTERIOR A LA ELIMINACIÓN DE DUPLICADOS, APLICACIÓN DE LOS CRITERIOS DE EXCLUSIÓN E INCLUSIÓN, CONFORME A PROCEDIMIENTOS PRISMA, SE SELECCIONARON 18 ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES PARA SU ANÁLISIS. RESULTADOS: SE EVIDENCIARON ACTIVIDADES ASOCIADAS A LOS COMPONENTES AFECTIVOS, COGNITIVOS Y CONDUCTUALES, DESTACANDO ACTIVIDADES DE INFORMACIÓN SOBRE LA DISCAPACIDAD, DE SIMULACIÓN Y DE DISCUSIONES Y REFLEXIONES, CON TIEMPO MÍNIMO DE INTERVENCIÓN DE 5 HORAS. CONCLUSIÓN: LOS PROGRAMAS DE SHD EN LAS CLASES DE EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA SON EFECTIVOS PARA GENERAR CAMBIOS ACTITUDINALES EN LOS COMPONENTES COGNITIVOS, AFECTIVOS Y CONDUCTUALES, SIENDO UNA HERRAMIENTA CLAVE PARA LA CONFORMACIÓN DE UNA COMUNIDAD EDUCATIVA INCLUSIVA.

ESTA INVESTIGACIÓN TUVO COMO OBJETIVO RELATAR LA EVOLUCIÓN DEL MOVIMIENTO PARALÍMPICO Y SU VÍNCULO CON EL ESCENARIO POLÍTICO NACIONAL E INTERNACIONAL. LOS JUEGOS PARALÍMPICOS DE VERANO HICIERON SU DEBUT EN 1960, MIENTRAS QUE CHILE PARTICIPÓ POR PRIMERA VEZ EN 1992. POR OTRO LADO, LOS JUEGOS PARALÍMPICOS DE INVIERNO COMENZARON EN 1976, Y LA PRIMERA PARTICIPACIÓN CHILENA EN ESTE EVENTO SE PRODUJO EN 2002. PARA EL DESARROLLO DEL ESTUDIO SE UTILIZÓ UN ANÁLISIS DOCUMENTAL, DONDE SE ANALIZARON LAS CONVOCATORIAS OFICIALES DE LAS DELEGACIONES CHILENAS, JUNTO CON LAS PLANILLAS DE RESULTADOS GENERALES OBTENIDOS EN LOS JUEGOS PARALÍMPICOS, SE EXTRAJO DE LOS DOCUMENTOS: EL NÚMERO DE ATLETAS PARTICIPANTES DE AMBOS SEXOS Y DEPORTES, INFORMACIÓN QUE POSTERIORMENTE FUE AGRUPADA EN PRESENCIA O NO DE MEDALLAS Y TIPO DE MEDALLA OBTENIDA Y, A PARTIR DE AQUELLO, SE ANALIZÓ POR TIPO DE DISCAPACIDAD Y AÑO DE PARTICIPACIÓN.

THIS PAPER AIMED TO CHARACTERISE BRAZILIAN PARTICIPATION IN THE SUMMER PARALYMPIC GAMES BETWEEN 1976-2020 AND RELATE IT TO THE HISTORICAL-NATIONAL, POLITICAL AND BRAZILIAN PARALYMPIC COMMITTEE'S STRATEGIC PLAN FOR THE PARALYMPIC CYCLES. THIS PAPER ALSO INTENDED TO COMPARE BRAZILIAN'S RESULTS WITH THE BEST-RANKED COUNTRIES IN RIO 2016. UNTIL 2020, THE BRAZILIAN DELEGATION WAS REPRESENTED BY 774 ATHLETES, 251 OF WHOM WERE MEDALISTS (70.9% MEN AND 29.1% WOMEN) IN 17 DIFFERENT SPORTS, FOUR COLLECTIVE AND THIRTEEN INDIVIDUALS. REGARDING DISABILITY TYPE, 64.9% OF THE MEDALIST ATHLETES HAVE A PHYSICAL IMPAIRMENT, 32.3% VISUAL IMPAIRMENT AND 2.8% INTELLECTUAL IMPAIRMENT. DURING THE ANALYSED PERIOD, BRAZIL WON 373 MEDALS: 109 GOLD (29.2%), 132 SILVER (35.4%) AND 132 BRONZE (35.4%). IN CONCLUSION, IT IS POSSIBLE TO HIGHLIGHT THAT THE IMPROVEMENT IN PUBLIC POLICIES, STRATEGIC PLANS AND INVESTMENTS HAS FAVOURED BRAZILIAN'S RESULTS. IN THE LAST FOUR PARALYMPIC CYCLES, BRAZIL COULD CONSOLIDATE ITSELF, WINNING THE LARGEST NUMBER OF MEDALS IN 2016 AND REACHING THIRD PLACE IN ACCUMULATED GROWTH (3.2%) BETWEEN 1988-2020, SURPASSED ONLY BY CHINA AND UKRAINE

PARACANOEING IS ONE OF THE SPORTS INCLUDED IN THE PARALYMPIC GAMES. THE PRESENT STUDY AIMED TO ANALYZE THE FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF PARACANOEING IN BRAZIL, THROUGH A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH APPROACH, EXPLORATORY IN NATURE, DESCRIPTIVE THROUGH LITERATURE AND DOCUMENTARY RESEARCH. AS A RESULT, IT WAS OBSERVED A SIGNIFICANT FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTION TO ATHLETES AND SPORTS ENTITIES DURING THE 2012 AND 2016 CYCLES, WITH A SMALL REDUCTION IN THESE INCENTIVES IN THE 2016 AND 2018 CYCLES. WE CONCLUDE THAT THERE WAS A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN RESOURCES AFTER ITS INCLUSION IN THE PARALYMPIC GAMES BUT WITHOUT PRIVATE RESOURCE INVESTMENTS. ALTHOUGH THE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE EVOLUTION, IT IS ESSENTIAL TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE RESOURCE WAS APPLIED TO EVALUATE THE EFFICIENCY OF THE INVESTMENT.

EL RENDIMIENTO DE LOS PARACANOISTAS SE CARACTERIZA POR LA CAPACIDAD DEL ATLETA PARA AVANZAR A LA MÁXIMA VELOCIDAD, MEDIANTE UN MOVIMIENTO TÉCNICAMENTE ÓPTIMO. ES IMPORTANTE CONSIDERAR QUE EN EL CASO DE LOS PARA ATLETAS, LA APLICACIÓN DE FUERZAS HACIA EL REMO SE VE COMPROMETIDA POR LA DISCAPACIDAD. POR LO TANTO, ESTE ESTUDIO TIENE COMO OBJETIVO EVALUAR EL RENDIMIENTO DE LOS ATLETAS EN LAS CLASES DEPORTIVAS KL1, KL2 Y KL3. LA MUESTRA ESTUVO COMPUESTA POR ATLETAS DE LA SELECCIÓN BRASILEÑA MASCULINA DE PARACANOTAJE, CON UN REPRESENTANTE DE CADA CLASE DEPORTIVA. PARA EL ANÁLISIS DEL RENDIMIENTO, UTILIZAMOS UN ERGÓMETRO DE KAYAK (KAYAKPRO®, MIAMI BEACH, FL, EE. UU.) PARA SIMULAR UNA PRUEBA DE 200 METROS. LAS VARIABLES MONITOREADAS FUERAN: TIEMPO, FRECUENCIA DE REMADA, VELOCIDAD MEDIA, NÚMERO DE REMADA, LONGITUD DE REMADA, ÍNDICE DE REMADA Y POTENCIA. SEGÚN LOS RESULTADOS: I) EL ATLETA DE LA CLASE KL3 REALIZÓ EL MENOR NÚMERO DE REMADAS, MAYOR LONGITUD DE REMADA Y EL MAYOR ÍNDICE DE REMADA.; II) EL ATLETA DE LA CLASE KL1 REALIZÓ EL MAYOR NÚMERO DE REMADAS, MENOR LONGITUD DE REMADA Y ÍNDICE DE REMADA. ESTE ESTUDIO PONE EN PERSPECTIVA LAS DISTINTAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DE UNA PRUEBA DE PARACANOTAJE, ANALIZADAS EN CONSIDERACIÓN A CADA CLASE DEPORTIVA.

IMPROVEMENTS IN RACE TIMES FOR MALE AND FEMALE PARA CANOE ATHLETES ACROSS DIFFERENT SPORTS CLASSES HAVE LED TO A REDUCTION IN RELATIVE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CLASSES OVER TIME. HOWEVER, THERE IS A LACK OF RESEARCH EXAMINING THE COMPARATIVE DEVELOPMENTAL TRAJECTORIES BETWEEN HIGH-PERFORMANCE PARALYMPIC (PCS) AND OLYMPIC (OCS) CANOE SPRINT.

BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) IS A WIDELY USED INDICATOR IN PEDIATRIC POPULATIONS. STUDIES LINK A HIGH BMI WITH LOWER MOTOR COORDINATION AND RISK OF OVERWEIGHT IN CHILDREN.TO RELATE BMI WITH LOCOMOTION SKILLS (LH) IN SCHOOLCHILDREN OF BOTH SEXES FROM A STATE SCHOOL IN CHILE. 70 SCHOOLCHILDREN (35 BOYS AND 35 GIRLS) WITH AN AVERAGE AGE OF 10.1 +/- 0.37 YEARS BELONGING TO MUNICIPAL SCHOOLS PARTICIPATED. WEIGHT AND HEIGHT WERE EVALUATED WITH THE AIM OF CALCULATING THE BMI CATEGORIZING BY INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS, ON THE OTHER HAND, THE HL WAS EVALUATED BY MEANS OF THE TGMD-2 TEST. STUDENT

ALTHOUGH RESEARCH REGARDING TEACHER ATTITUDES HAS BEEN CONDUCTED IN THE AREA OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION, LESS ATTENTION HAS BEEN PAID TO THE PERSPECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATORS IN LATIN AMERICA, PARTICULARLY AS THEY RELATE TO TEACHING DISABLED STUDENTS. THUS, THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXPLORE THE ATTITUDES OF CHILEAN PHYSICAL EDUCATORS TOWARD TEACHING STUDENTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME IN INTEGRATED CLASSES, AS WELL AS FACTORS THAT MAY INFLUENCE THEIR ATTITUDES. IN THIS CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY, 91 PHYSICAL EDUCATORS, COMPRISING 50 (54.9%) MALES AND 41 (45.1%) FEMALES FROM VARIOUS REGIONS IN CHILE, RESPONDED TO A 40-ITEM ONLINE SURVEY RELATED WITH IMPACT AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS INCLUSION, BETWEEN MARCH TO JUNE 2023. THE ANALYSIS APPROACH WAS QUANTITATIVE, CROSS-SECTIONAL WITH MULTIVARIATE REGRESSION ANALYSIS (PATH ANALYSIS). WE CONCLUDED THAT CHILEAN PE TEACHERS GENERALLY ESPOUSE HIGHLY POSITIVE ATTITUDES TOWARD TEACHING STUDENTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME, DESPITE ABOUT ONE-THIRD REPORTED THAT THEIR ACTUAL INTERACTIONS WITH SUCH STUDENTS WERE NEGATIVE OR UNDECIDED. THIS PHENOMENON MAY HAVE BEEN CONTRIBUTED TO BY THE LACK OF PREPARATION OF THE RESPONDENTS. WE ALSO IDENTIFIED THAT THE ENVIRONMENT WAS A SIGNIFICANT PREDICTOR VARIABLE IN TEACHERS