THIS BOOK SHOWED US THAT TODAY, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS ARE INTERESTED IN KNOWING THE VIEWS OF USERS ON THE QUALITY OF THE SERVICE. THEREFORE, THE AIM OF THE RESEARCH IS TO DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FACTORS OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND METABOLIC CONTROL OF TYPE 2 DIABETES USERS A RURAL AREA OF CHILE.MANAGEMENT FACTORS TO ASSESS INCLUDE: USER SUPPORT, THE SPEED OF ATTENTION AND PROFESSIONALISM OF THE STAFF.

OBJECTIVE: THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PREPREGNANCY BODY MASS, GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN, AND INADEQUATE BREASTFEEDING (BF) WITH OVERWEIGHT IN CHILEAN CHILDREN AGES 3 TO 4 Y. METHODS: THIS WAS AN ANALYTICAL AND CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY WITH 560 PARTICIPANTS. AGE, RESIDENCE, BF, AND WEIGHT GAIN INFORMATION WERE COLLECTED FROM CHILD CARE RECORDS. THE CHILDRENS NUTRITIONAL STATUS (NS) WAS DETERMINED ACCORDING TO THE WEIGHT-FOR-HEIGHT Z-SCORE FOR SEX. BIVARIATE RELATIONSHIPS WERE EVALUATED BY THE ?2 TEST, AND A MULTIVARIATE LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL WAS APPLIED WITH THE STATA VERSION 15 SOFTWARE AT ? < 0.05. RESULTS: PREPREGNANCY NS VALUES WERE 37% NORMAL AND 63% OVERWEIGHT. EXCESS WEIGHT GAIN OCCURRED IN 75% OF THE MOTHERS. THE CHILDRENS NS WAS RELATED TO THE DURATION OF BF (P = 0.002), PREPREGNANCY NS (P = 0.002), AND WEIGHT GAIN (P = 0.004). WHEN ADJUSTING THE LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL FOR SEX AND MATERNAL AGE, THE OVERWEIGHT PREPREGNANCY NS INCREASED UP TO TWICE THE RISK FOR OW IN CHILDREN (ODDS RATIO [OR], 2; 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL [CI], 1.3-4.1), AS WELL AS EXCESS WEIGHT GAIN (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5-5.9), AND NON-EXCLUSIVE BF (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3-4.4). CONCLUSION: CHILDREN SHOWING RISK FACTORS SUCH AS NON-EXCLUSIVE BF, PREPREGNANCY NS WITH OVERWEIGHT, AND EXCESS GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN FACED BETWEEN 2 AND 2.4 TIMES MORE RISK FOR OVERWEIGHT THAN CHILDREN WITHOUT THESE FACTORS.

CHILE CHANGED FROM THE CDCINCHS TO THE NEW WHO STANDARDS IN 2007 TO EVALUATE GROWTH IN CHILDREN LESS THAN 5 YEARS OF AGE. OUR PROPOSAL WAS TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT OF THIS CHANGE ON NUTRITIONAL INDICATORS. WE STUDIED 982 CHILDREN AGED LESS THAN 5 YEARS IN A PUBLIC FAMILY HEALTH CENTER IN CHILLAN VIEJO. LENGTH HEIGHT-FOR-AGE, WEIGHT-FOR-LENGTH HEIGHT, AND WEIGHT-FOR-AGE INDICATORS WERE COMPARED FOR BOTH GROWTH CURVES WITH THE WHO ANTHRO PROGRAM. RESULTS SHOWED SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN MEANS FOR ALL ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS (P

LA EVALUACIÓN DEL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL ES UNA COMPETENCIA PROFESIONAL TRANSVERSAL A TODAS LAS ÁREAS DE DESEMPEÑO PROFESIONAL, POR ELLO SE HACE NECESARIO QUE LOS ALUMNOS TENGAN CONOCIMIENTOS PROFUNDOS DE ESTA COMPETENCIA, DADO QUE EL NUTRICIONISTA, QUIEN DESPUÉS DE UN ESTUDIO MINUCIOSO DE TODOS LOS FACTORES INVOLUCRADOS, ES QUIEN DIAGNOSTICA EL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE UN INDIVIDUO O GRUPO DE PERSONAS.

EL PROPÓSITO DEL PRESENTE ESTUDIO FUE DETERMINAR LA PREVALENCIA DE PRESBIFAGIA EN ADULTOS MAYORES QUE VIVEN EN LA COMUNIDAD Y ESTUDIAR EL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL E INGESTA ALIMENTARIA. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: ESTUDIO DE CASO-CONTROL CON PERSONAS MAYORES DE 65 AÑOS, PERTENECIENTES A CLUBES DE ADULTOS MAYORES DE CHILLÁN, CHILE. LA INGESTA ALIMENTARIA SE EVALUÓ A TRAVÉS DE LA ENCUESTA DE TENDENCIA DE CONSUMO CUANTIFICADA Y ENCUESTA DE MODIFICACIÓN ALIMENTARIA CREADA Y VALIDADA PARA ESTE ESTUDIO. LA PRESENCIA DE PRESBIFAGIA SE DIAGNOSTICÓ MEDIANTE EL CUESTIONARIO EAT-10 Y EL DIAGNÓSTICO DE DISFAGIA POR MECV-V REALIZADO POR FONOAUDIÓLOGO. EL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL SE EVALUÓ A TRAVÉS DEL ÍNDICE DE MASA CORPORAL. RESULTADOS: LA PREVALENCIA DE PRESBIFAGIA FUE DE 29,5% Y DISFAGIA 14,5%. EL 74% DE LOS ADULTOS MAYORES CON PRESBIFAGIA TENÍA MALNUTRICIÓN POR EXCESO VERSUS 48% DE LOS CON DISFAGIA, EL 55,5% TENÍA UN CUMPLIMIENTO INSUFICIENTE DE ENERGÍA, SITUACIÓN QUE NO COINCIDE CON EL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL PREDOMINANTE DE MALNUTRICIÓN POR EXCESO. LAS CALORÍAS CONSUMIDAS FUERON EN BASE A CARBOHIDRATOS Y PROTEÍNAS. TENÍAN UNA BAJA INGESTA DE AGUA, FIBRA, CALCIO Y VITAMINA D Y ALTO CONSUMO DE SODIO. LOS ADULTOS MAYORES CON DISFAGIA DEMORAN MÁS TIEMPO EN COMER Y HAN DEJADO DE CONSUMIR ALIMENTOS QUE DIFICULTAN LA DEGLUCIÓN COMO FRUTAS, CARNES Y ARROZ. CONCLUSIÓN: LA PREVALENCIA DE ADULTOS MAYORES QUE VIVEN EN LA COMUNIDAD CON PRESBIFAGIA FUE DE 29,5%, CON MALNUTRICIÓN POR EXCESO EN EL 74%, PARA FACILITAR EL PROCESO DEGLUTORIO LOS ADULTOS MAYORES CON DISFAGIA REALIZAN MODIFICACIONES ALIMENTARIAS A LOS SÓLIDOS.

LA INNOVACIÓN DE LA FORMACIÓN EN NUTRICIÓN Y DIETÉTICA ES UN GRAN TEMA PARA CHILE Y LATINOAMÉRICA. SE NECESITA UNA VISIÓN GLOBAL PARA ESTA DÉCADA LIDERANDO LA TRANSICIÓN NUTRICIONAL DE LOS PAÍSES Y LA ACTUALIZACIÓN DE LOS PERFILES EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS PARA AFRONTAR CON ÉXITO LOS DESAFÍOS ACTUALES Y FUTUROS.

THE OBJECTIVE WAS TO DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MOTHER?S NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND THE NEWBORN?S GESTATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS. A SAMPLE OF 149 WOMEN WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES WAS CONTROLLED IN THE HIGH RISK OBSTETRIC UNIT OF THE MEDICAL SPECIALTIES PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER BEFORE DELIVERY IN THE MATERNITY WARD OF THE HOSPITAL CLÍNICO HERMINDA MARTÍN DE CHILLÁN, CHILE IN 2010. DATA WERE OBTAINED FROM THE PERINATAL CLINICAL HISTORY AND THE NEWBORN?S CHART. THE VARIABLES RECORDED FOR THE MOTHER WERE NUTRITIONAL STATUS, TYPE OF DELIVERY, NUMBER OF PREGNANCIES, AND METABOLIC CONTROL. DATA FOR THE NEWBORN WERE WEIGHT, LENGTH, HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE, AND GESTATIONAL DIAGNOSIS. THESE DATA WERE ANALYZED BY ANOVA, CHI-SQUARE TEST, AND MULTIPLE CORRESPONDENCE. WOMEN WITH A NORMAL NUTRITIONAL STATUS WERE MULTIPAROUS WITH NATURAL CHILDBIRTH; THE NEWBORN HAD AN ADEQUATE GESTATIONAL AGE AND NORMAL HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE. ON THE OTHER HAND, MATERNAL OBESITY WAS RELATED TO A CESAREAN; THE NEWBORN WAS LARGE FOR GESTATIONAL AGE AND HAD A LARGER HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE. OVERWEIGHT WOMEN WERE PRIMIPAROUS AND THE NEWBORN WAS SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE WITH A SMALLER HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE (P

CHILDREN BORN PRETERM ARE AT HIGHER RISK OF OVERNUTRITION IN ADOLESCENCE, WHICH IS MANIFESTED BY INCREASED BODY MASS INDEX-FOR-AGE (BMI-FOR-AGE) AND INCREASED ABDOMINAL FAT MASS LEADING TO THE RISK OF NONCOMMUNICABLE CHRONIC DISEASES. OBJECTIVES: THE AIM OF THIS RESEARCH WAS TO STUDY HOW PREMATURITY INFLUENCES OVERNUTRITION IN A COHORT OF ADOLESCENTS BORN PRETERM. METHODS: THE STUDY INCLUDED 91 ADOLESCENTS BORN PRETERM (ABP) FROM A COHORT AND A CONTROL GROUP OF 91 ADOLESCENTS BORN AT TERM (ABT). BODY MASS INDEX AND FAT MASS WERE DETERMINED FOR ALL THE SUBJECTS. RESULTS: THE FOLLOW-UP OF BMI-FOR-AGE OF THE CHILDREN BORN PRETERM SHOWED THAT THE HIGHEST PROPORTION OF OVERNUTRITION WAS FOUND IN THE FIRST YEAR (65%) AND IN ADOLESCENCE (33%). AT THIS AGE, NO DIFFERENCES WERE FOUND BETWEEN THE ABP AND ABT. BODY FAT OF THE ABP WAS HIGHER THAN FOR THE ABT (P ? 0.01). BOTH GROUPS? WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE WAS HIGHER THAN THE NORMAL VALUE AT THIS AGE. THE RATIO BETWEEN BMI AND THE PERCENTAGE OF FAT BETWEEN ABT AND ABP BOYS WAS SIGNIFICANT AT P=0.003. CONCLUSIONS: BOTH ABP AND ABT GROUPS HAD EXCESS WEIGHT, WHICH COULD BE DUE TO THE FACT THEY GREW UP IN THE SAME ENVIRONMENT THAT PROMOTES UNHEALTHY LIFESTYLES. THE ABP BOYS HAD EXCESS FAT MASS LEADING TO THE RISK OF NONCOMMUNICABLE CHRONIC DISEASES IN ADULTHOOD.

OBJECTIVE: IN CHILE, THE ELDERLY REPRESENT 18% OF THE POPULATION. IN WOMEN, THE AGING PROCESS IMPACTS BODY COMPOSITION, IN ADDITION TO THE COEXISTENCE OF OTHER PATHOLOGIES SUCH AS CHRONIC NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES (NCDS). THE AIM OF THE STUDY WAS TO RELATE BODY COMPOSITION TO THE PRESENCE OF CHRONIC NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN ACTIVE OLDER WOMEN IN THE CITY OF CHILLÁN. METHODS: THE SAMPLE CONSISTED OF 284 WOMEN BELONGING TO SENIOR CENTERS IN CHILLÁN. BODY COMPOSITION WAS DETERMINED BY BIOIMPEDANCIOMETRY. SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION, PREVALENT PATHOLOGIES, GERIATRIC SYNDROMES AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY WERE DETERMINED BY MEANS OF A VALIDATED QUESTIONNAIRE. DATA WERE ANALYZED WITH DESCRIPTIVE AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICS IN STATA 15.0 SOFTWARE WITH AN ?

BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF THERMOREGULATION IN ECTOTHERMS ARE CONDITIONED BY THERMAL CONSTRAINTS. THESE MECHANISMS MAY BE EVEN MORE RESTRICTIVE WHEN ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ARE UNFAVORABLE FOR INDIVIDUALS, ESPECIALLY WHEN SEXUAL DIMORPHISM SEGREGATES THE SEXES SPATIALLY. IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL REGULATION MECHANISMS, WE INVESTIGATED THE THERMAL BIOLOGY OF PHYMATURUS PALLUMA (MOLINA, 1782), A SEXUALLY SIZE DIMORPHIC, HIGH-MOUNTAIN LIZARD THAT INHABITS EXTREME CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. P. PALLUMA SHOWED A BIMODAL ACTIVITY PATTERN, A MAJOR PEAK IN THE MORNING (11:00-13:30H) AND IN THE AFTERNOON (15:30-18:00 H). THE LIZARDS WERE MORE ACTIVE WHEN SUBSTRATE TEMPERATURES WERE BETWEEN 25 AND 28º C. THE HIGHEST ABUNDANCE WAS FOUND AROUND 27º C (BETWEEN 11:00-12:30). FEMALES SHOWED GREATER ACTIVITY THAN MALES IN THE EARLY MORNING. SUB-ADULTS AND JUVENILES DID NOT SHOW DIFFERENCES IN THEIR ACTIVITY PATTERN. THERE WAS A POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY TEMPERATURE AND AIR AND SUBSTRATE TEMPERATURES, SUGGESTING TYPICALLY THIGMOTHERMAL REGULATION.

DETERMINAR EL UMBRAL DE VISCOSIDAD QUE POSIBILITE UNA DEGLUCIÓN SEGURA EN ADULTOS MAYORES CON DISFAGIA SECUNDARIA A UN ICTUS. MÉTODO: ESTUDIO ANALÍTICO DE CORTE TRANSVERSAL. PARTICIPARON 6 ADULTOS MAYORES DE 60 AÑOS CON DISFAGIA POST-ICTUS. SE LES ADMINISTRÓ SEIS VISCOSIDADES (50MPA S, 110MPA S, 170MPA S, 230MPA S, 290MPA S Y 350MPA S) CREADAS CON AGUA SIN GAS Y ESPESANTE BASADO EN ALMIDÓN DE MAÍZ. SE EVALUARON LOS SIGNOS DE SEGURIDAD DE LA DEGLUCIÓN (VOZ HÚMEDA, TOS Y SATURACIÓN DE OXÍGENO) EN CADA VISCOSIDAD, MEDIANTE NASOFIBROSCOPÍA. SE COMPARÓ EL RENDIMIENTO DE CADA VISCOSIDAD EN LOS SIGNOS DE SEGURIDAD DE LA DEGLUCIÓN CON EL OBJETIVO DE CONOCER QUÉ VISCOSIDAD SERÍA EL UMBRAL DE SEGURIDAD DEGLUTORIA. RESULTADOS: EL 100% DE LOS SIGNOS DE ALTERACIÓN DE LA SEGURIDAD NO SE PRESENTÓ EN NINGUNA VISCOSIDAD EVALUADA. CONCLUSIONES: NO ES POSIBLE DETERMINAR EL UMBRAL DE VISCOSIDAD QUE POSIBILITA UNA DEGLUCIÓN SEGURA EN PACIENTES CON DISFAGIA SECUNDARIA A UN ICTUS EN LAS VISCOSIDADES EVALUADAS. SE DISCUTEN DIVERSOS FACTORES QUE PUEDEN HABER INFLUIDO EN LOS RESULTADOS, TALES COMO: EL TAMAÑO MUESTRAL, UTILIZACIÓN DE NASOFIBROSCOPÍA PARA EVALUAR VISCOSIDADES BAJAS, E, INTERVALOS DE LAS VISCOSIDADES EVALUADAS.

THERE ARE CURRENTLY 68 INSTITUTIONS IN CHILE OFFERING A NUTRITION AND DIETETICS PROGRAM, BUT ONLY SIX OF THESE ARE ACCREDITED. IT IS THEREFORE ESSENTIAL THAT A NATIONAL EXAMINATION BE ADMINISTERED TO MEASURE THE MINIMUM COMPETENCIES FOR ENTRY-LEVEL PRACTITIONERS. EXAMINATIONS OF FOUR COUNTRIES WERE STUDIED. THE PURPOSE OF THE EXAMINATION IN COLOMBIA IS TO INVESTIGATE THE COGNITIVE SKILLS PROFILE, IDENTIFY RELEVANT INFORMATION, INTERPRET SITUATIONS, DISCUSS DECISIONS, AND PROPOSE PROFESSIONAL ALTERNATIVE ACTIONS IN EACH OF THE NUTRITION COMPONENTS. IN MEXICO, IT IDENTIFIES IF THE GRADUATES HAVE THE NECESSARY KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS TO EFFECTIVELY ENTER PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE. THE EXAMINATION IN CANADA HAS BEEN DESIGNED TO CONFIRM A PRACTICE BASED ON KNOWLEDGE AND APPLICATION OF CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS. IT MEASURES THE MINIMUM COMPETENCY LEVEL THAT THE DIETITIAN SHOULD POSSESS, AND ITS SOLE PURPOSE IS TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN COMPETENT AND INCOMPETENT ENTRY-LEVEL PRACTITIONERS. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE EXAMINATION IN THE UNITED STATES IS TO PROTECT THE PUBLIC'S HEALTH BY DETERMINING AN INDIVIDUAL'S COMPETENCE TO PRACTICE, AND IS A COMPUTERIZED INTERACTIVE TEST. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT A NATIONAL EXAMINATION TO PRACTICE AS A NUTRITIONIST IN CHILE SHOULD BE APPLIED AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.