BACKGROUND: THE WORLD CANCER RESEARCH FUND (WCRF)/AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RESEARCH (AICR) CANCER PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS ARE LIFESTYLE-BASED GUIDELINES WHICH AIM TO REDUCE CANCER RISK. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED, IN THE UK BIOBANK, ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN AN ABBREVIATED SCORE TO ASSESS ADHERENCE TO THESE RECOMMENDATIONS AND THE RISK OF ALL CANCERS COMBINED AND OF 14 CANCERS FOR WHICH THERE IS STRONG EVIDENCE FOR LINKS WITH DIET, ADIPOSITY, AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. METHODS: WE USED DATA FROM 288,802 UK BIOBANK PARTICIPANTS (MEAN AGE 56.2 YEARS), CANCER-FREE AT BASELINE. AN ABBREVIATED VERSION OF THE 2018 WCRF/AICR SCORE WAS CALCULATED TO ASSESS ADHERENCE TO FIVE RECOMMENDATIONS ON (I) BODY WEIGHT, (II) PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, (III) FRUITS, VEGETABLES, AND DIETARY FIBER, (IV) RED AND PROCESSED MEAT, AND (V) ALCOHOL. MULTIVARIABLE COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS WERE USED TO ANALYZE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE ABBREVIATED SCORE (RANGE, 0-5 POINTS) AND CANCER INCIDENCE, ADJUSTING FOR CONFOUNDERS. RESULTS: DURING A MEDIAN FOLLOW-UP OF 8.2 YEARS (INTERQUARTILE RANGE, 7.4-8.9), 23,448 PARTICIPANTS WERE DIAGNOSED WITH CANCER. THE ABBREVIATED SCORE WAS INVERSELY ASSOCIATED WITH RISK OF CANCER OVERALL [HR: 0.93; 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL (CI): 0.92-0.95 PER 1-POINT INCREMENT], AND BREAST (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.87-0.94), COLORECTAL (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.83-0.90), LUNG (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.84-0.94), KIDNEY (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.76-0.90), PANCREATIC (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.79-0.94), UTERINE (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.73-0.86), ESOPHAGEAL (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.75-0.90), STOMACH (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.79-0.99), AND LIVER (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.72-0.90) CANCERS. CONCLUSIONS: GREATER ADHERENCE TO THE CANCER PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS, ASSESSED USING AN ABBREVIATED SCORE, WAS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED RISK OF ALL CANCERS COMBINED AND OF NINE SITE-SPECIFIC CANCERS.

A BODY SHAPE INDEX (ABSI) IS A NEW OBESITY INDEX BASED ON BODY VOLUME; THIS HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND MORTALITY, INDEPENDENT OF THE VALUES OF THE BODY MASS INDEX (BMI); HOWEVER, ITS ASSOCIATION WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM) IN THE CHILEAN ADULT POPULATION IS UNKNOWN. OBJECTIVE: TO DETERMINE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ABSI, GLYCEMIA, GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN (HBAC1), AND SELF-REPORTED T2DM IN THE CHILEAN ADULT POPULATION. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IN A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY, 4,874 PARTICIPANTS WERE INCLUDED (MEAN AGE 43.3 YEARS, 50.9% WOMEN) FROM THE 2016-2017 NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY. ABSI WAS CALCULATED ACCORDING TO THE PROPOSED FORMULA (BASED ON WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE, BMI, AND HEIGHT). THE POISSON REGRESSION WAS USED TO INVESTIGATE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ABSI AND T2DM, AND LINEAR REGRESSION WAS USED TO INVESTIGATE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ABSI, GLYCEMIA, AND HBAC1. SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, LIFESTYLE, AND BMI ADJUSTED THE ANALYSES. RESULTS: ABSI WAS POSITIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH GLYCEMIA (P < 0.001), HBA1C (P < 0.001), AND DMT2 (P < 0.001). IN THE MOST ADJUSTED MODEL, FOR EVERY 0.025 UNIT INCREASE IN ABSI, GLYCEMIA INCREASED BY 1.78 MG/DL (95% CI: 1.21, 2.35) AND HBAC1 BY 0.92% (95% CI: 0.49, 1.35). REGARDING T2DM, THE PREVALENCE RATIO WAS 1.14 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.20), INDEPENDENT OF SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, LIFESTYLES, AND BMI. CONCLUSIONS: ABSI WAS LINEARLY ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGHER PROBABILITY OF SUFFERING FROM T2DM AND HIGHER LEVELS OF GLYCEMIA AND HBA1C IN CHILEAN ADULTS. IN THIS CONTEXT, ABSI COULD BE A COMPLEMENTARY INDEX, INDEPENDENT OF BMI, TO ASSESS THE RISK OF METABOLIC DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY.

INTRODUCTION UNDERSTANDING HOW SOCIOECONOMIC MARKERS INTERACT COULD INFORM FUTURE POLICIES AIMED AT INCREASING ADHERENCE TO A HEALTHY DIET.METHODS THIS CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY INCLUDED 437,860 PARTICIPANTS FROM THE UK BIOBANK. DIETARY INTAKE WAS SELF-REPORTED. WERE USED AS MEASURES SOCIOECONOMIC EDUCATION LEVEL, INCOME AND TOWNSEND DEPRIVATION INDEX. A HEALTHY DIET SCORE WAS DEFINED USING CURRENT DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NINE FOOD ITEMS AND ONE POINT WAS ASSIGNED FOR MEETING THE RECOMMENDATION FOR EACH. GOOD ADHERENCE TO A HEALTHY DIET WAS DEFINED AS THE TOP 75TH PERCENTILE, WHILE POOR ADHERENCE WAS DEFINED AS THE LOWEST 25TH PERCENTILE. POISSON REGRESSION WAS USED TO INVESTIGATE ADHERENCE TO DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS.RESULTS THERE WERE SIGNIFICANT TRENDS WHEREBY DIET SCORES TENDED TO BE LESS HEALTHY AS DEPRIVATION MARKERS INCREASED. THE DIET SCORE TRENDS WERE GREATER FOR EDUCATION COMPARED TO AREA DEPRIVATION AND INCOME. COMPARED TO PARTICIPANTS WITH THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION, THOSE WITH THE LOWEST EDUCATION WERE FOUND TO BE 48% LESS LIKELY TO ADHERE TO A HEALTHY DIET (95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL [CI]: 0.60-0.64). ADDITIONALLY, PARTICIPANTS WITH THE LOWEST INCOME LEVEL WERE 33% LESS LIKELY TO MAINTAIN A HEALTHY DIET (95% CI: 0.73-0.81), AND THOSE IN THE MOST DEPRIVED AREAS WERE 13% LESS LIKELY (95% CI: 0.84-0.91).DISCUSSION/CONCLUSSION AMONG THE THREE MEASURED PROXIES OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS - EDUCATION, INCOME, AND AREA DEPRIVATION - LOW EDUCATION EMERGED AS THE STRONGEST FACTOR ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER ADHERENCE TO A HEALTHY DIET.

THE WORLD CANCER RESEARCH FUND/AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RESEARCH CANCER PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS ARE LIFESTYLE-BASED GUIDELINES THAT AIM TO REDUCE CANCER RISK. A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF STUDIES INVESTIGATING ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN A SCORE FOR ADHERENCE TO THE 2018 CANCER PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS AND CANCER RISK WAS CONDUCTED. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE, AND SCOPUS WERE SEARCHED FOR STUDIES PUBLISHED TO NOVEMBER 28, 2022. IN META-ANALYSIS, THE ESTIMATED RISK RATIOS AND 95% CIS FOR ADHERENCE SCORE AS A CONTINUOUS (PER 1-POINT INCREMENT) AND CATEGORICAL (HIGHEST VS. LOWEST SCORE CATEGORY) VARIABLE USING RANDOM-EFFECTS MODELS WERE ESTIMATED. RESULTS: EIGHTEEN STUDIES (11 COHORT; SEVEN CASE-CONTROL) WERE INCLUDED INVESTIGATING INCIDENCE OF BREAST (N = 7), COLORECTAL (N = 5), PROSTATE (N = 2), LUNG (N = 2), PANCREATIC (N = 1), ENDOMETRIAL (N = 1), UNKNOWN PRIMARY CANCER (N = 1), CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (N = 1), AND OVERALL (ANY) CANCER (N = 1). THE SUMMARY RISK RATIO PER 1-POINT INCREMENT IN ADHERENCE SCORE WAS 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85?0.93; I2 = 76.5%; N = 7) FOR BREAST CANCER, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84?0.91; I2 = 26.2%; N = 4) FOR COLORECTAL CANCER, AND 0.92 (95% CI, 0.86?0.98, I2 = 66.0%; N = 2) FOR LUNG CANCER. THERE WERE NO SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS WITH PROSTATE OR OTHER CANCERS. META-ANALYSIS RESULTS USING CATEGORICAL ADHERENCE SCORE VARIABLES WERE CONSISTENT WITH THESE FINDINGS. CONCLUSIONS: GREATER ADHERENCE TO THE 2018 WORLD CANCER RESEARCH FUND/AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RESEARCH CANCER PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER RISK OF BREAST, COLORECTAL, AND LUNG CANCERS. FUTURE STUDIES INVESTIGATING ASSOCIATIONS WITH RISK OF OTHER FORMS OF CANCER ARE WARRANTED.

BACKGROUND: THE WORLD CANCER RESEARCH FUND (WCRF)/AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RESEARCH (AICR) CANCER PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS ARE LIFESTYLE-BASED RECOMMENDATIONS WHICH AIM TO REDUCE CANCER RISK. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ADHERENCE, ASSESSED USING A STANDARDISED SCORING SYSTEM, AND THE RISK OF ALL CANCERS COMBINED AND OF 14 CANCERS FOR WHICH THERE IS STRONG EVIDENCE FOR LINKS WITH ASPECTS OF LIFESTYLE IN THE UK.METHODSWE USED DATA FROM 94,778 PARTICIPANTS (53% FEMALE, MEAN AGE 56 YEARS) FROM THE UK BIOBANK. TOTAL ADHERENCE SCORES (RANGE 0-7 POINTS) WERE DERIVED FROM DIETARY, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA. ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN TOTAL SCORE AND CANCER RISK (ALL CANCERS COMBINED; AND PROSTATE, BREAST, COLORECTAL, LUNG, UTERINE, LIVER, PANCREATIC, STOMACH, OESOPHAGEAL, HEAD AND NECK, OVARIAN, KIDNEY, BLADDER, AND GALLBLADDER CANCER) WERE INVESTIGATED USING COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARD MODELS, ADJUSTING FOR AGE, SEX, DEPRIVATION INDEX, ETHNICITY, AND SMOKING STATUS.RESULTSMEAN TOTAL SCORE WAS 3.8 (SD 1.0) POINTS. DURING A MEDIAN FOLLOW-UP OF 8 YEARS, 7296 INDIVIDUALS DEVELOPED CANCER. TOTAL SCORE WAS INVERSELY ASSOCIATED WITH RISK OF ALL CANCERS COMBINED (HR: 0.93; 95%CI: 0.90-0.95 PER 1-POINT INCREMENT), AS WELL AS BREAST (HR: 0.90; 95%CI: 0.86-0.95), COLORECTAL (HR: 0.90; 95%CI: 0.84-0.97), KIDNEY (HR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.72-0.94), OESOPHAGEAL (HR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.71-0.98), OVARIAN (HR: 0.76; 95%CI: 0.65-0.90), LIVER (HR: 0.78; 95%CI: 0.63-0.97), AND GALLBLADDER (HR: 0.70; 95%CI: 0.53-0.93) CANCERS.CONCLUSIONSGREATER ADHERENCE TO LIFESTYLE-BASED RECOMMENDATIONS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED RISK OF ALL CANCERS COMBINED AND OF BREAST, COLORECTAL, KIDNEY, OESOPHAGEAL, OVARIAN, LIVER, AND GALLBLADDER CANCERS. OUR FINDINGS SUPPORT COMPLIANCE WITH THE CANCER PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CANCER PREVENTION IN THE UK.

BACKGROUND THE EATWELL GUIDE REFLECTS THE UK GOVERNMENT?S RECOMMENDATIONS FOR A HEALTHY AND BALANCED DIET. PREVIOUS RESEARCH HAS IDENTIFIED ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN HEALTHY EATING PATTERNS AND BOTH CARDIOVASCULAR AND BRAIN HEALTH, ALTHOUGH THERE IS LITTLE EVIDENCE SPECIFICALLY FOCUSING ON THE EATWELL GUIDE. TO DATE NO RESEARCH HAS INVESTIGATED ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE EATWELL GUIDE AND RISK FOR FUTURE DEMENTIA. METHODS DATA FROM THE PREVENT DEMENTIA COHORT STUDY BASELINE VISIT WAS USED IN THIS ANALYSIS. BINARY AND GRADED EATWELL GUIDE SCORES (BEWG, GEWG) WERE CREATED FROM A SELF?REPORTED FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE. THE CAIDE SCORE WAS INCLUDED AS THE PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE TO REPRESENT RISK FOR FUTURE ALZHEIMER?S DISEASE. SECONDARY OUT?COME MEASURES INCLUDED CARDIOMETABOLIC HEALTH MEASURES AND BRAIN HEALTH MEASURES. GENERALISED ADDITIVE MODELS WERE RUN IN R.

LOS CAMBIOS DE PESO CORPORAL TIENEN FUERTES REPERCUSIONES EN EL ESTADO DE SALUD DE LAS PERSONAS. DURANTE LA PANDEMIA, ESTOS CAMBIOS PODRÍAN VERSE MÁS PRONUNCIADOS DEBIDO AL CONFINAMIENTO OBLIGATORIO, ASÍ COMO A LOS MALOS HÁBITOS ALIMENTARIOS Y AL ESTILO DE VIDA. EN ESTE ESTUDIO SE EXAMINARON LOS CAMBIOS EN LA ALIMENTACIÓN Y EL PESO CORPORAL EN POBLACIÓN MEXICANA DURANTE EL INICIO DE LA PANDEMIA POR COVID-19 (SEMANAS 4-7 DE CONFINAMIENTO) MEDIANTE UNA ENCUESTA EN LÍNEA. OBJETIVO: IDENTIFICAR LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA ALIMENTACIÓN Y EL CAMBIO PERCIBIDO DEL PESO CORPORAL AL INICIO DE LA PANDEMIA POR COVID-19 EN MÉXICO. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: ESTUDIO DESCRIPTIVO, TRANSVERSAL, DE 1281 PERSONAS MAYORES DE 18 AÑOS, MEDIANTE ENCUESTA ELECTRÓNICA EN LAS SEMANAS 4-7 DE CONFINAMIENTO, CON DATOS SOCIODEMOGRÁFICOS, CONSUMO ALIMENTARIO Y PERCEPCIÓN DEL PESO CORPORAL. RESULTADOS: EL CAMBIO DE CONSUMO DE ALIMENTOS FUE DEL 53.9%, ENCONTRANDO DIFERENCIAS SEGÚN SEXO EN BEBIDAS (CARBONATADAS, JUGOS, ALCOHÓLICAS), CAFÉ/TÉ, FRUTAS, LEGUMINOSAS (P < 0.05). LA PERCEPCIÓN DEL PESO CORPORAL INCREMENTÓ EN 3.4 (SUBIERON) Y 2.1 (BAJARON) VECES MÁS EL RIESGO DE CAMBIO EN LA ALIMENTACIÓN. CONCLUSIONES: LAS DIFERENCIAS ALIMENTARIAS REFIEREN UNA TENDENCIA AL TIPO DE ALIMENTOS QUE CONSUMEN, PRINCIPALMENTE BEBIDAS RICAS EN AZÚCARES, CON PERCEPCIÓN DE CAMBIOS EN EL PESO CORPORAL POSITIVO EN MUJERES.

APPROXIMATELY 40% OF CANCERS IN THE UK ARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO MODIFIABLE, LIFESTYLE RISK FACTORS SUCH AS OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AND LOW DIETARY FIBRE INTAKE(1). THE WCRF AND AICR PUBLISHED TEN LIFESTYLE- BASED CANCER PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS WITH THE AIM OF REDUCING THE RISK OF CANCER AND OTHER NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES(2). IN THE UK BIOBANK COHORT, WE HAVE FOUND REDUCED RISK OF CANCER OVERALL AND OF BREAST AND COLORECTAL CANCERS WITH GREATER ADHERENCE TO THESE CANCER PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS (I.E., HEALTHIER LIFESTYLES). THE PRESENT STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER THE MAGNITUDE OF THESE ASSOCIATIONS IS MODIFIED BY THE PRESENCE OF CO-MORBIDITIES, SUCH AS DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, AT BASELINE. WE USED DATA FROM 94,778 PARTICIPANTS (53% FEMALE, MEAN AGE 56 YEARS) FROM THE UK BIOBANK PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY, RECRUITED BETWEEN 2006 AND 2010 AND FREE FROM CANCER AT BASELINE. ADHERENCE TO THE 2018 WCRF/AICR CANCER PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS WAS CALCULATED FROM DIETARY, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND BODY COMPOSITION DATA USING A STANDARDISED SCORE(3). MULTIMORBIDITY (LIST OF 43 CHRONIC DISEASES) WAS SELF-REPORTED AT BASELINE AND CATEGORISED INTO: 0, 1, 2, OR 3+ CHRONIC ILLNESSES. INCIDENT CANCER CASES WERE IDENTIFIED USING POPULATION-BASED CANCER REGISTRIES AVAILABLE UNTIL JULY 2019 FOR ENGLAND AND WALES AND OCTOBER 2015 FOR SCOTLAND. PARTICIPANTS WERE CATEGORISED INTO APPROXIMATE SCORE TERTILES, AND THE LOWEST TERTILE (LOWEST ADHERENCE, 0-3.5 POINTS) WAS USED AS THE REFERENCE CATEGORY. COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARD MODELS WERE USED TO INVESTIGATE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN TOTAL SCORE AND INCIDENCE OF CANCER, ADJUSTING FOR CONFOUNDERS, AND TO TEST FOR AN INTERACTION BETWEEN TOTAL SCORE AND MULTIMORBIDITY.

EL SOBREPESO Y LA OBESIDAD SON PROBLEMAS DE SALUD PÚBLICA DE NIVEL MUNDIAL. SI BIEN EXISTE INFORMACIÓN RESPECTO AL CONSUMO DE ALCOHOL EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS DURANTE LA PANDEMIA, POCOS AUTORES HAN SEÑALADO LA ASOCIACIÓN ENTRE ESTE HÁBITO Y EL EXCESO DE PESO EN ESTA POBLACIÓN. EL OBJETIVO FUE DETERMINAR LA ASOCIACIÓN ENTRE EL CONSUMO DE ALCOHOL Y EL EXCESO DE PESO EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS DE 10 PAÍSES DE LATINOAMÉRICA DURANTE LA PANDEMIA POR COVID-19. METODOLOGÍA: SE REALIZÓ UN ESTUDIO TRANSVERSAL Y MULTICÉNTRICO CON 4.539 ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS MATRICULADOS EN DIEZ PAÍSES DE AMÉRICA LATINA. PARA LA VALORACIÓN DEL CONSUMO DE ALCOHOL SE UTILIZÓ LA PREGUNTA ¿CONSUMES BEBIDAS ALCOHÓLICAS? (1 PORCIÓN 1 VASO DE 200 ML). EL ÍNDICE DE MASA CORPORAL (IMC) SE DETERMINÓ A PARTIR DEL PESO Y LA ALTURA AUTO INFORMADO. PARA DETERMINAR SI EL EXCESO DE PESO (IMC ?25 KG/M2) ESTABA ASOCIADO CON EL CONSUMO DE ALCOHOL, SE UTILIZÓ UN ANÁLISIS DE REGRESIÓN LOGÍSTICA, AJUSTADO POR EDAD, SEXO, AÑO DE ESTUDIO, NIVEL SOCIOECONÓMICO, ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y TABAQUISMO. RESULTADOS: ENTRE LOS ESTUDIANTES CON ESTADO NUTRICIONAL NORMAL, UN 59,6% NO CONSUMÍA ALCOHOL, MIENTRAS ENTRE LOS QUE PRESENTABAN UN EXCESO DE PESO ERA UN 55,1%. LOS ESTUDIANTES QUE CONSUMÍAN 2 O MÁS PORCIONES DE ALCOHOL AL DÍA TENÍAN 2,18 VECES MÁS RIESGO DE TENER EXCESO DE PESO (OR: 2.18 [95% IC: 1,26 A 3,77]), COMPARADO CON AQUELLOS QUE NO CONSUMÍAN ALCOHOL. CONCLUSIÓN: SE OBSERVÓ QUE AQUELLOS ESTUDIANTES QUE CONSUMIERON MÁS ALCOHOL TUVIERON MÁS PROBABILIDADES DE TENER EXCESO DE PESO.

OBJECTIVE: TO INVESTIGATE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN A LIFESTYLE SCORE AND ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY IN THE CHILEAN POPULATION. DESIGN: PROSPECTIVE STUDY. SETTINGS: THE SCORE WAS BASED ON SEVEN MODIFIABLE BEHAVIOURS: SALT INTAKE, FRUIT AND VEGETABLE INTAKE, ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION, SLEEP DURATION, SMOKING, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SEDENTARY BEHAVIOURS. 1-POINT WAS ASSIGNED FOR EACH HEALTHY RECOMMENDATION. POINTS WERE SUMMED TO CREATE AN UNWEIGHTED SCORE FROM 0 (LESS HEALTHY) TO 7 (HEALTHIEST). ACCORDING TO THEIR SCORE, PARTICIPANTS WERE THEN CLASSIFIED INTO: LESS HEALTHY (0?2 POINTS), MODERATELY HEALTHY (3?4 POINTS) AND THE HEALTHIEST (5?7 POINTS). ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE CATEGORIES OF LIFESTYLE SCORE AND ALL-CAUSE....

SLEEP IS A BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF VITAL IMPORTANCE SINCE IT INTERVENES IN MULTIPLE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES SUCH AS ENERGY REGULATION, WITH POOR QUALITY AND/OR QUANTITY OF SLEEP BEING ASSOCIATED WITH OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY. THE OBJECTIVE WAS TO IDENTIFY THE ASSOCIATION OF INSUFFICIENT SLEEP WITH CHANGES IN PORTION SIZES, EATING PATTERNS AND OVERWEIGHT/OBESITY IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN LATIN AMERICA. METHODS: CROSS-SECTIONAL, MULTICENTER STUDY. STUDENTS, USING AN ONLINE QUESTIONNAIRE, WERE ASKED ABOUT THEIR DIET, HOURS OF SLEEP, WEIGHT AND HEIGHT, AND OTHER SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES. RESULTS: THE STUDY INCLUDED 4,880 STUDENTS, MOSTLY WOMEN (73.8%). THE REGRESSION SHOWED NO ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INSUFFICIENT SLEEP WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND INCREASED FOOD PORTION SIZE. IN MODEL 3 (HIGHER ADJUSTMENT), IT WAS OBSERVED THAT INSUFFICIENT SLEEP WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INFREQUENT CONSUMPTION OF BREAKFAST OR:1.22 (95% CI 1.07-1.40) AND FRUITS OR:1.16 (95% CI 1.01-1.33), AND NO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OR: 1.18 (95% CI 1.03-1.34), ON THE OTHER HAND THERE WERE PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATIONS AGAINST INSUFFICIENT SLEEP SUCH AS BELONGING TO THE FEMALE SEX OR: 0.86 (95% CI 0.74-0.99) AND BEING STUDENTS OF HEALTH CAREERS OR:0.64 (95% CI 0.56-0.73). CONCLUSIONS: THE STUDY REVEALS THAT INSUFFICIENT SLEEP IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IS ASSOCIATED WITH NOT EATING BREAKFAST EVERY DAY AND INSUFFICIENT FRUIT CONSUMPTION.

BACKGROUNDTHE VISCERAL ADIPOSITY INDEX (VAI) IS A MARKER OF VISCERAL FAT ACCUMULATION AND METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION, BUT THERE IS LIMITED EVIDENCE OF ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CANCER. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE VAI AND BOTH INCIDENT CANCER AT 23 SITES AND ALL-CAUSE CANCER.METHODSIN TOTAL, 385,477 PARTICIPANTS (53.3% WOMEN; MEAN AGE, 56.3 YEARS) FROM THE UK BIOBANK PROSPECTIVE COHORT WERE INCLUDED IN THIS STUDY. THE MEDIAN FOLLOW-UP WAS 8.2 YEARS (INTERQUARTILE RANGE, 7.3-8.9 YEARS). THE VAI WAS CALCULATED USING FORMULA THE PUBLISHED BY AMATO ET AL. AND WAS CATEGORIZED INTO SEX-SPECIFIC TERTILES. TWENTY-FOUR INCIDENT CANCERS WERE THE OUTCOMES. COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARD MODELS WERE ADJUSTED FOR SOCIODEMOGRAPHICS, LIFESTYLE FACTORS, AND MULTIMORBIDITY COUNTS.RESULTSOVER THE FOLLOW-UP PERIOD, 47,882 INDIVIDUALS DEVELOPED CANCER. IN THE FULLY ADJUSTED MODELS, THE VAI WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGHER RISK OF SIX CANCER SITES. INDIVIDUALS IN THE HIGHEST TERTILE, COMPARED WITH THOSE IN THE LOWEST TERTILE, HAD HIGHER RISKS OF UTERINE (HAZARD RATIO [HR], 2.09; 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL [CI], 1.76-2.49), GALLBLADDER (HR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.26-2.66), KIDNEY (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.18-1.64), LIVER (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.00-1.56), COLORECTAL (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05-1.24), AND BREAST (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.03-1.19) CANCERS AND OF ALL-CAUSE CANCER (HR, 1.05). THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE OF A NONLINEAR ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE VAI AND CANCER RISK.CONCLUSIONSTHE VAI WAS ASSOCIATED WITH SIX CANCER SITES AND WITH ALL-CAUSE CANCER. THE PROGNOSTIC AND ETIOLOGIC ROLES OF VISCERAL FAT ACCUMULATION AND DYSFUNCTION IN CANCER WARRANT FURTHER RESEARCH.

TO INVESTIGATE THE COMBINED ASSOCIATION OF ADIPOSITY AND WALKING PACE WITH INCIDENT TYPE 2 DIABETES. METHODS WE UNDERTOOK A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY IN 194?304 WHITE-EUROPEAN PARTICIPANTS (MEAN AGE 56.5?YEARS, 55.9% WOMEN). PARTICIPANTS' WALKING PACE WAS SELF-REPORTED AS BRISK, AVERAGE OR SLOW. ADIPOSITY MEASURES INCLUDED BODY MASS INDEX (BMI), WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE (WC) AND BODY FAT PERCENTAGE (BF%). ASSOCIATIONS WERE INVESTIGATED USING COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARD MODELS, WITH A 2-YEAR LANDMARK ANALYSIS. A FOUR-WAY DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS WAS USED FOR MEDIATION AND ADDITIVE INTERACTION. RESULTS THE MEDIAN (INTERQUARTILE RANGE) FOLLOW-UP WAS 5.4 (4.8-6.3) YEARS. DURING THE FOLLOW-UP PERIOD, 4564 PARTICIPANTS DEVELOPED TYPE 2 DIABETES. COMPARED TO BRISK-WALKING PARTICIPANTS WITH NORMAL BMI, THOSE WITH OBESITY WHO WALKED BRISKLY WERE AT AN APPROXIMATELY 10- TO 12-FOLD HIGHER RISK OF TYPE 2 DIABETES (HAZARD RATIO [HR] 9.64, 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL [CI] 7.24-12.84, IN WOMEN; HR 11.91, 95% CI 8.80-16.12, IN MEN), WHEREAS THOSE WITH OBESITY AND WALKED SLOWLY HAD AN APPROXIMATELY 12- TO 15-FOLD HIGHER RISK (HR 12.68, 95% CI 9.62-16.71, IN WOMEN; HR 15.41, 95% CI 11.27-21.06, IN MEN). THERE WAS EVIDENCE OF AN ADDITIVE INTERACTION BETWEEN WC AND BF% AND WALKING PACE AMONG WOMEN, EXPLAINING 17.8% AND 47.9% EXCESS RISK RESPECTIVELY. OBESITY MEDIATED THE ASSOCIATION IN WOMEN AND MEN, ACCOUNTING FOR 60.1% AND 44.9%, RESPECTIVELY. SLOW WALKING PACE IS A RISK FACTOR FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES INDEPENDENT OF ADIPOSITY. PROMOTING BRISK WALKING AS WELL AS WEIGHT MANAGEMENT MIGHT BE AN EFFECTIVE TYPE 2 DIABETES PREVENTION STRATEGY GIVEN THEIR SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS.

WALKING PACE IS A FUNCTIONAL MARKER, USED AS A PREDICTOR OF CHRONIC DISEASES. HOWEVER, THERE IS A LACK OF EVIDENCE ON THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN WALKING PACE AND OBESITY. AIM: TO INVESTIGATE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN-SELF-REPORTED WALKING PACE WITH OBESITY IN THE CHILEAN ADULT POPULATION. METHODS: 6,183 CHILEAN PARTICIPANTS (AGED 15 TO 98 YEARS) FROM THE CHILEAN NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY 2016-2017 WERE INCLUDED IN THIS CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. WEIGHT, HEIGHT, WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE (WC), BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) AND WAIST TO HEIGHT RATIO (WHTR) WERE THE OUTCOMES OF INTEREST. SELF-REPORTED WALKING PACE (SLOW, AVERAGE AND BRISK) WAS THE EXPOSURE. THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN WALKING PACE AND OBESITY WAS DETERMINED BY LINEAR REGRESSION AND POISSON REGRESSION AND ALL ANALYSES WERE ADJUSTED IN MODELS ACCORDING TO SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND LIFESTYLE FACTORS. RESULTS: IN THE MOST ADJUSTED MODEL, THOSE WHO REPORTED AN AVERAGE AND BRISK WALKING PACE HAD A LOWER BMI (BETA: -1.03, P = 0.017 AND -1.56 P = 0.001), LOWER WC (BETA: -2.98, P = 0.004 AND -3.64, P = 0.001) AND WAIST TO HEIGHT RATIO (BETA: -0.19, P = 0.004 AND -0.26 P < 0.0001) COMPARED TO PEOPLE WHO REPORTED A SLOW WALKING PACE. A BRISK WALKING PACE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A LOWER PROBABILITY OF OBESITY AND CENTRAL OBESITY. CONCLUSION: THE AVERAGE AND BRISK WALKING PACE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER BODY WEIGHT, BMI, WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AND WAIST TO HEIGHT RATIO AND A BRISK WALKING PACE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A LOWER PROBABILITY OF OBESITY AND CENTRAL OBESITY, INDEPENDENTLY OF SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND LIFESTYLE FACTORS.

CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS (CRF) IS INVERSELY ASSOCIATED WITH METABOLIC DISEASES AND ADIPOSITY MARKERS. AIM: TO ASSESS THE ASSOCIATION OF CRF WITH BODY MASS INDEX (BMI), WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE (WC) AND OBESITY IN A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF THE CHILEAN POPULATION. MATERIAL AND METHODS: DATA FROM 5,958 PARTICIPANTS IN THE CHILEAN NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY 2016-1027 AGED 15 YEARS OR ABOVE WERE ANALYZED. CRF WAS ESTIMATED BY AN EQUATION THAT INCLUDED SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC, ANTHROPOMETRIC AND HEALTH-RELATED DATA AND EXPRESSED IN METABOLIC EQUIVALENT UNITS (METS). THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CRF AND ADIPOSITY WAS ASSESSED USING LINEAR AND POISSON REGRESSION MODELS AND THE RESULTS WERE PRESENTED AS PREVALENCE RATIO (PR). RESULTS: ONE MET INCREMENT IN CRF WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A 3.27 KG/M2 (95% CONFIDENCE INTERVALS (CI): -3.35; -3.2) AND 4.56 KG/M2 (95% CI: -4.67; -4.46) LOWER BMI IN MEN AND WOMEN, RESPECTIVELY. WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE WAS 6.7 CM [95% CI: -6.98; -6.42] AND 9 CM [95% CI: -9.33; -8.67] LOWER PER 1-MET INCREMENT IN CRF. WITH ONE MET INCREMENT, THE PROBABILITY OF BEING OBESE WAS 34% (PR = 0.66 [95%CI: 0.63; 0.69]) AND 36% (PR = 0.64 [95%CI: 0.61; 0.67]) LOWER IN MEN AND WOMEN, RESPECTIVELY. THE PROBABILITY OF HAVING A CENTRAL OBESITY WAS 26% (PR = 0.74 [95%CI: 0.71; 0.77]) AND 30% (PR = 0.70 [95%CI: 0.68; 0.73]) LOWER IN MEN AND WOMEN, RESPECTIVELY. CONCLUSIONS: A HIGHER ESTIMATED CRF WAS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER ADIPOSITY LEVELS AND A LOWER RISK OF BEING OBESE IN BOTH MEN AND WOMEN. PUBLIC HEALTH POLICIES AIMING TO INCREASE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ARE NEEDED TO INCREASE THE CRF OF THE CHILEAN POPULATION.

THIS STUDY AIMED TO CONTRAST THE ASSOCIATIONS OF FIVE COMMON DIET SCORES WITH SEVERE NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) INCIDENCE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IN TOTAL, 162 999 UK BIOBANK PARTICIPANTS WERE INCLUDED IN THIS PROSPECTIVE POPULATION-BASED STUDY. FIVE INTERNATIONAL DIET SCORES WERE INCLUDED: THE 14-ITEM MEDITERRANEAN DIET ADHERENCE SCREENER (MEDAS-14), THE RECOMMENDED FOOD SCORE (RFS), THE HEALTHY DIET INDICATOR (HDI), THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET SCORE AND THE MEDITERRANEAN-DASH INTERVENTION FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE DELAY SCORE. AS EACH SCORE HAS DIFFERENT MEASUREMENTS AND SCALES, ALL SCORES WERE STANDARDIZED AND CATEGORIZED INTO QUARTILES. COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARD MODELS ADJUSTED FOR CONFOUNDER FACTORS INVESTIGATED ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE STANDARDIZED QUARTILES AND SEVERE NAFLD INCIDENCE. RESULTS: OVER A MEDIAN FOLLOW-UP OF 10.2 YEARS, 1370 PARTICIPANTS WERE DIAGNOSED WITH SEVERE NAFLD. WHEN THE ANALYSES WERE FULLY ADJUSTED, PARTICIPANTS IN QUARTILE 4 USING THE MEDAS-14 AND RFS SCORES, AS WELL AS THOSE IN QUARTILES 2 AND 3 USING THE HDI SCORE, HAD A SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER RISK OF SEVERE INCIDENT NAFLD COMPARED WITH THOSE IN QUARTILE 1. THE LOWEST RISK WAS OBSERVED IN QUARTILE 4 FOR THE MEDAS-14 SCORE [HAZARD RATIO (HR): 0.76 (95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL (CI): 0.62-0.94)] AND THE RFS SCORE [HR: 0.82 (95% CI: 0.69-0.96)] AND AS WELL AS IN QUARTILE 2 IN THE HDI SCORE [HR: 0.80 (95% CI: 0.70-0.91)]. CONCLUSION: MEDAS-14, RFS AND HDI SCORES WERE THE STRONGEST DIET SCORE PREDICTORS OF SEVERE NAFLD. A HEALTHY DIET MIGHT PROTECT AGAINST NAFLD DEVELOPMENT IRRESPECTIVE OF THE SPECIFIC APPROACH USED TO ASSESS DIET. HOWEVER, FOLLOWING THESE SCORE RECOMMENDATIONS COULD REPRESENT OPTIMAL DIETARY APPROACHES TO MITIGATE NAFLD RISK.

THE STUDY AIM WAS TO INVESTIGATE ASSOCIATIONS OF 11 ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASURES WITH INCIDENT TYPE 2 DIABETES AND COMPARE THEIR PREDICTIVE PERFORMANCE. METHODS: THIS PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY INCLUDED 161,127 WHITE EUROPEAN UK BIOBANK PARTICIPANTS WHO WERE FREE OF DIABETES AT BASELINE. ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASURES INCLUDED HEIGHT, WEIGHT, BMI, A BODY SHAPE INDEX, WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE, WAIST TO HIP RATIO, WAIST TO HEIGHT RATIO (WHTR), HIP CIRCUMFERENCE, VISCERAL ADIPOSITY INDEX, HIP INDEX, AND ANTHROPOMETRIC RISK INDEX. THE ASSOCIATIONS WERE EXAMINED USING COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARD MODELS. THE DIFFERENCES IN C-INDEX WERE USED TO COMPARE PREDICTIVE PERFORMANCE BETWEEN BMI AND OTHER ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASURES. RESULTS THE MEDIAN FOLLOW-UP WAS 10.0 (INTERQUARTILE RANGE: 9.3?10.8) YEARS, DURING WHICH 6315 PARTICIPANTS DEVELOPED TYPE 2 DIABETES. ALL MARKERS EXCEPT HEIGHT AND HIP INDEX WERE POSITIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH INCIDENT TYPE 2 DIABETES. THE STRONGEST ASSOCIATIONS WERE FOUND FOR WHTR (HAZARD RATIO PER 1-SD INCREMENT: 2.27 [95% CI 2.19?2.35] IN WOMEN; 1.96 [95% CI 1.90?2.01] IN MEN). COMPARED WITH BMI, WHTR AND ANTHROPOMETRIC RISK INDEX HAD SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER TYPE 2 DIABETES RISK DISCRIMINATION. CONCLUSIONS: ALTHOUGH MOST ADIPOSITY MARKERS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES, THE MAGNITUDE OF THE ASSOCIATIONS DIFFERED. WHTR HAD THE STRONGEST ASSOCIATIONS AND PREDICTIVE ABILITY FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES AND THUS COULD BE A MORE SUITABLE MARKER FOR CLINICAL USE.