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BASICALLY, MICROMODELS ARE DEVICES SIMULATING A POROUS NETWORK AND ARE USEFUL TOOLS FOR STUDYING THE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS THAT GOVERN THE DRYING PROCESSES OF PORE STRUCTURES SUCH AS IN FOOD. 2D MICROMODELS HAVE TRADITIONALLY BEEN FABRICATED WITH GLASS AND RESIN AND HAVE BEEN VERY EFFECTIVE INSTRUMENTS TO OBSERVE AND QUANTIFY LIQUID DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSPORT MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN PROCESSES SUCH AS DRYING. SINCE THEY ARE BUILT WITH RIGID MATERIALS, PHENOMENA SUCH AS SHRINKAGE AND MATRIX DEFORMATION CAN ONLY BE INDIRECTLY STUDIED. A NEW METHOD BASED ON THE TRADITIONAL PHOTOLITHOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE HAS BEEN DEVELOPED TO FABRICATE DEFORMABLE MICROMODELS. THIS TECHNIQUE USES AN ELASTOMERIC MATERIAL CALLED POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE (PDMS). THIS STUDY DESCRIBES THE FABRICATION PROTOCOL FOR FABRICATING 3D DEFORMABLE TRANSPARENT PDMS MICROMODELS WITH A LOG-NORMAL PORE SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND PORE VALUES RANGING BETWEEN 160 AND 500 ?M (? = 200 ?M AND ? = 60 ?M). THIS STUDY PROVIDES PRELIMINARY RESULTS INVOLVING DRYING CURVES AND SHRINKAGE. PDMS MICROMODELS ARE A USEFUL TOOL TO DETERMINE THE LIQUID TRANSPORT MECHANISM INVOLVED IN DRYING AND IMPREGNATION IN POROUS STRUCTURES THAT SIMULATE A FOOD MATRIX.

THE WORLD CANCER RESEARCH FUND/AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RESEARCH CANCER PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS ARE LIFESTYLE-BASED GUIDELINES THAT AIM TO REDUCE CANCER RISK. A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF STUDIES INVESTIGATING ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN A SCORE FOR ADHERENCE TO THE 2018 CANCER PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS AND CANCER RISK WAS CONDUCTED. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE, AND SCOPUS WERE SEARCHED FOR STUDIES PUBLISHED TO NOVEMBER 28, 2022. IN META-ANALYSIS, THE ESTIMATED RISK RATIOS AND 95% CIS FOR ADHERENCE SCORE AS A CONTINUOUS (PER 1-POINT INCREMENT) AND CATEGORICAL (HIGHEST VS. LOWEST SCORE CATEGORY) VARIABLE USING RANDOM-EFFECTS MODELS WERE ESTIMATED. RESULTS: EIGHTEEN STUDIES (11 COHORT; SEVEN CASE-CONTROL) WERE INCLUDED INVESTIGATING INCIDENCE OF BREAST (N = 7), COLORECTAL (N = 5), PROSTATE (N = 2), LUNG (N = 2), PANCREATIC (N = 1), ENDOMETRIAL (N = 1), UNKNOWN PRIMARY CANCER (N = 1), CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (N = 1), AND OVERALL (ANY) CANCER (N = 1). THE SUMMARY RISK RATIO PER 1-POINT INCREMENT IN ADHERENCE SCORE WAS 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85?0.93; I2 = 76.5%; N = 7) FOR BREAST CANCER, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84?0.91; I2 = 26.2%; N = 4) FOR COLORECTAL CANCER, AND 0.92 (95% CI, 0.86?0.98, I2 = 66.0%; N = 2) FOR LUNG CANCER. THERE WERE NO SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS WITH PROSTATE OR OTHER CANCERS. META-ANALYSIS RESULTS USING CATEGORICAL ADHERENCE SCORE VARIABLES WERE CONSISTENT WITH THESE FINDINGS. CONCLUSIONS: GREATER ADHERENCE TO THE 2018 WORLD CANCER RESEARCH FUND/AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RESEARCH CANCER PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER RISK OF BREAST, COLORECTAL, AND LUNG CANCERS. FUTURE STUDIES INVESTIGATING ASSOCIATIONS WITH RISK OF OTHER FORMS OF CANCER ARE WARRANTED.

OBESITY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM) ARE DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTENSION AND METABOLIC ALTERATIONS. A SIGNIFICANT GROUP OF PATIENTS PRESENT BOTH OBESITY AND T2DM, A CONDITION DEFINED AS DIABESITY. ONE OF THE METABOLIC FEATURES IN THESE CONDITIONS IS THE CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF INSULIN RESISTANCE. SEVERAL TISSUES, INCLUDING THE LIVER, SKELETAL MUSCLE, AND VASCULATURE, AND PATIENTS WITH T2DM, GESTATIONAL DIABETES, AND OBESITY SHOW INSULIN RESISTANCE. THE VASCULAR EFFECT OF INSULIN, INCLUDING VASODILATION, IS MAINLY MEDIATED BY THE GENERATION OF NITRIC OXIDE. SEVERAL MECHANISMS ARE PROPOSED TO ELUCIDATE THE ORIGIN OF INSULIN RESISTANCE; NEVERTHELESS, A COMMON FINDING IS THE ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN THESE DISEASES. ENDOTHELIAL CELLS FROM SUBJECTS WITH OBESITY SHOW REDUCED NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHESIS, AN EFFECT THAT IS UNALTERED BY INSULIN. INDIVIDUALS WITH T2DM SHOW A MISBALANCE BETWEEN THE SYNTHESIS, RELEASE, AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIONS OF VASODILATORS AND VASOCONSTRICTORS SUCH AS NITRIC OXIDE AND ENDOTHELIN-1. HOWEVER, WHETHER THESE MECHANISMS ARE INVOLVED IN THE VASCULAR ALTERATIONS SEEN IN PATIENTS WITH DIABESITY IS UNCLEAR. IN THIS REVIEW, WE DISCUSSED THE MODIFICATIONS ON INSULIN SIGNALLING, INSULIN RESISTANCE IN OBESITY AND T2DM, AND THE REPORTED CHANGES IN SIGNALLING PATHWAYS IN DIABESITY.

CLIMATE CHANGE IS PROJECTED TO BE THE MOST EXTENSIVE HUMAN-INDUCED DISTURBANCE TO OCCUR ON NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS, INDUCING CHANGES IN DIFFERENT BIODIVERSITY FEATURES INCLUDING THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF A REGION THROUGH THE DECLINE AND LOSS OF ITS PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY. AMPHIBIANS, GIVEN THEIR ECTOTHERMIC LIFE CYCLE AND CRITICAL CONSERVATION STATUS, WOULD POTENTIALLY BE EXPOSED TO EXTINCTION PROCESSES UNDER CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, WITH THE CORRESPONDING LOSS OF EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY IN REGIONS OF HIGH BIODIVERSITY. THIS RESEARCH ADDRESSES THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF AMPHIBIANS IN THE CHILEAN BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT, BY ESTIMATING THE PD (PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY) AND PE (PHYLOGENETIC ENDEMISM) OF 27 SPECIES. USING DIFFERENT RCP (RCP 4.5 AND 8.5) AND TIME FRAMES (YEARS 2050 AND 2070), WE CREATE SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS (SDM) TO EVALUATE THE SPECIES RANGE DYNAMICS AND THE PHYLODIVERSITY IN THE HOTSPOT. ALSO, GIVEN THAT PROTECTED AREAS (PA) ARE THE MAIN GLOBAL STRATEGY TO ENSURE THE CONSERVATION OF SPECIES AND THEIR FEATURES, WE EVALUATE THE CAPACITY OF PA TO CONSERVE THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY IN THE HOTSPOT. OUR RESULTS SHOW A SET OF MODELED SPECIES THAT WILL BECOME EXTINCT, OR WILL EXPERIMENT CHANGES IN THEIR DISTRIBUTIONAL RANGES, INDUCING A CLEAR DECLINE OF AMPHIBIAN EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY FOR THE NEXT 30 TO 50 YEARS, AND A WORRYING LOW CAPACITY OF THE PA TO CONTAIN CURRENT AND FUTURE PD AND PE. GIVEN THE CRITICAL AMPHIBIAN SCENARIO, OUR RESULTS HIGHLIGHT THE NEED FOR FURTHER RESEARCH TO IMPROVE THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN THE HOTSPOT AREA ADDRESSING THE POTENTIAL AMPHIBIAN EXTINCTION RISK, THE LACK OF PROTECTION BY THE PA SYSTEM, AND THE LOSS OF EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY AS A KEY ASPECT OF BIODIVERSITY.

A HIGH CONSUMPTION OF ETHANOL IS ASSOCIATED WITH MEMORY LOSS AND NEURONAL DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH OXIDATIVE STRESS. OXIDATIVE STRESS IS AN IMBALANCE BETWEEN OXIDANTS AND ANTIOXIDANTS LEANING TOWARDS AN OXIDATIVE ENVIRONMENT, POTENTIALLY LEADING TO CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR DAMAGE. CHRONIC ETHANOL INTAKE HAS BEEN FOUND TO FAVOR HIPPOCAMPAL DETERIORATION, INHIBIT CELL SURVIVAL, AND ALTER NEURONAL MORPHOLOGICAL MATURATION. TO COUNTERACT THESE EFFECTS, VARIOUS ANTIOXIDANTS HAVE BEEN DESCRIBED, BOTH NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC, ONE OF THE MOST BEING RESVERATROL, A POLYPHENOL WITH ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-AGING, ANTICANCER, AND NEUROPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES.

EMERGING EVIDENCE SHOWS THAT EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (EVS) CAN MODULATE SIGNALS ON NEIGHBORING TROPHOBLAST AND ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, AND DISTANT CELLS OF OTHER ORGANS DURING PREGNANCY. EVS MAY ALSO BE TAKEN UP AND INTEGRATED INTO THE TARGET CELLS. HERE, WE AIMED TO DETECT AQUAPORIN-4 (AQP4) AND AQUAPORIN-9 (AQP9) PROTEIN EXPRESSIONS IN EV-ENRICHED SAMPLES OF PLASMA FROM HEALTHY AND PREECLAMPTIC PREGNANT WOMEN AND COMPARED THEM WITH THE AQP4 AND AQP9 EXPRESSIONS IN THE PLACENTA.

APPROXIMATELY 40% OF CANCERS IN THE UK ARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO MODIFIABLE, LIFESTYLE RISK FACTORS SUCH AS OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AND LOW DIETARY FIBRE INTAKE(1). THE WCRF AND AICR PUBLISHED TEN LIFESTYLE- BASED CANCER PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS WITH THE AIM OF REDUCING THE RISK OF CANCER AND OTHER NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES(2). IN THE UK BIOBANK COHORT, WE HAVE FOUND REDUCED RISK OF CANCER OVERALL AND OF BREAST AND COLORECTAL CANCERS WITH GREATER ADHERENCE TO THESE CANCER PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS (I.E., HEALTHIER LIFESTYLES). THE PRESENT STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER THE MAGNITUDE OF THESE ASSOCIATIONS IS MODIFIED BY THE PRESENCE OF CO-MORBIDITIES, SUCH AS DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, AT BASELINE. WE USED DATA FROM 94,778 PARTICIPANTS (53% FEMALE, MEAN AGE 56 YEARS) FROM THE UK BIOBANK PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY, RECRUITED BETWEEN 2006 AND 2010 AND FREE FROM CANCER AT BASELINE. ADHERENCE TO THE 2018 WCRF/AICR CANCER PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS WAS CALCULATED FROM DIETARY, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND BODY COMPOSITION DATA USING A STANDARDISED SCORE(3). MULTIMORBIDITY (LIST OF 43 CHRONIC DISEASES) WAS SELF-REPORTED AT BASELINE AND CATEGORISED INTO: 0, 1, 2, OR 3+ CHRONIC ILLNESSES. INCIDENT CANCER CASES WERE IDENTIFIED USING POPULATION-BASED CANCER REGISTRIES AVAILABLE UNTIL JULY 2019 FOR ENGLAND AND WALES AND OCTOBER 2015 FOR SCOTLAND. PARTICIPANTS WERE CATEGORISED INTO APPROXIMATE SCORE TERTILES, AND THE LOWEST TERTILE (LOWEST ADHERENCE, 0-3.5 POINTS) WAS USED AS THE REFERENCE CATEGORY. COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARD MODELS WERE USED TO INVESTIGATE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN TOTAL SCORE AND INCIDENCE OF CANCER, ADJUSTING FOR CONFOUNDERS, AND TO TEST FOR AN INTERACTION BETWEEN TOTAL SCORE AND MULTIMORBIDITY.

SOCIAL INTERACTIONS IN NONMAMMALIAN VERTEBRATES ARE MODULATED BY ARGININE VASOTOCIN (AVT), WHICH FUNCTIONS SIMILARLY TO ITS MAMMALIAN HOMOLOGUE, VASOPRESSIN. AVT IMPACTS THE PERFORMANCE OF AND RESPONSE TO VISUAL SIGNALS IN REPTILES, BUT WHETHER AVT ALSO OPERATES WITHIN THE CHEMOSENSORY SYSTEM AS IT DOES IN MAMMALS IS UNKNOWN, DESPITE SOCIAL ODORS BEING POTENT MODIFIERS OF AGGRESSIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR. PREVIOUS STUDIES IN GREEN ANOLES (ANOLIS CAROLINENSIS) LINKED ELEVATED LEVELS OF EXOGENOUS AVT IN MALES (AVT-MALES) TO LOWER RATES OF AGGRESSIVE VISUAL DISPLAYS, WHEREAS UNTREATED FEMALES VISUALLY DISPLAYED TO AVT-MALES MORE THAN TO SALINE-TREATED CONTROL-MALES. HERE, WE TEST WHETHER EXOGENOUS AVT IN RESIDENT-MALES IMPACTS THE CHEMOSENSORY OR LOCOMOTOR BEHAVIOR OF CONSPECIFICS (INTRUDERS). WE INJECTED RESIDENT-MALES WITH EITHER AVT OR A CONTROL SOLUTION, AND AFTER 10 MINS ALONE IN THEIR HOME TANKS, WE PRESENTED RESIDENT-MALES WITH AN UNTREATED INTRUDER (MALE OR FEMALE) FOR 30 MINS. WE FOUND THAT INTRUDER-MALES PERFORMED MORE CHEMICAL BEHAVIOR TOWARDS AVT-MALES THAN TO CONTROL-MALES, WHEREAS AVT-MALES RESPONDED WITH A CHEMICAL DISPLAY TO INTRUDER-FEMALES FASTER THAN DID CONTROL-MALES. IN CONTRAST, VISUAL BEHAVIOR DID NOT DIFFER BETWEEN TREATMENT GROUPS FOR EITHER RESIDENT-MALES OR INTRUDERS IN THIS EXPERIMENT. OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATE FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT AVT MODULATES CHEMOSENSORY BEHAVIOR IN REPTILES, HAVING IMPORTANT EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS REGARDING MULTIMODAL COMMUNICATION AND THE MECHANISMS USED BY AVT TO MODULATE ANIMAL INTERACTIONS.

OBJECTIVE: THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PREPREGNANCY BODY MASS, GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN, AND INADEQUATE BREASTFEEDING (BF) WITH OVERWEIGHT IN CHILEAN CHILDREN AGES 3 TO 4 Y. METHODS: THIS WAS AN ANALYTICAL AND CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY WITH 560 PARTICIPANTS. AGE, RESIDENCE, BF, AND WEIGHT GAIN INFORMATION WERE COLLECTED FROM CHILD CARE RECORDS. THE CHILDRENS NUTRITIONAL STATUS (NS) WAS DETERMINED ACCORDING TO THE WEIGHT-FOR-HEIGHT Z-SCORE FOR SEX. BIVARIATE RELATIONSHIPS WERE EVALUATED BY THE ?2 TEST, AND A MULTIVARIATE LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL WAS APPLIED WITH THE STATA VERSION 15 SOFTWARE AT ? < 0.05. RESULTS: PREPREGNANCY NS VALUES WERE 37% NORMAL AND 63% OVERWEIGHT. EXCESS WEIGHT GAIN OCCURRED IN 75% OF THE MOTHERS. THE CHILDRENS NS WAS RELATED TO THE DURATION OF BF (P = 0.002), PREPREGNANCY NS (P = 0.002), AND WEIGHT GAIN (P = 0.004). WHEN ADJUSTING THE LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL FOR SEX AND MATERNAL AGE, THE OVERWEIGHT PREPREGNANCY NS INCREASED UP TO TWICE THE RISK FOR OW IN CHILDREN (ODDS RATIO [OR], 2; 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL [CI], 1.3-4.1), AS WELL AS EXCESS WEIGHT GAIN (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5-5.9), AND NON-EXCLUSIVE BF (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3-4.4). CONCLUSION: CHILDREN SHOWING RISK FACTORS SUCH AS NON-EXCLUSIVE BF, PREPREGNANCY NS WITH OVERWEIGHT, AND EXCESS GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN FACED BETWEEN 2 AND 2.4 TIMES MORE RISK FOR OVERWEIGHT THAN CHILDREN WITHOUT THESE FACTORS.

THERE HAS BEEN AN INCREASE IN PRETERM (PT) BIRTHS IN WESTERN COUNTRIES IN RECENT YEARS, WHICH IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW-BIRTHWEIGHT (LBW) CHILDREN. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MATERNAL FACTORS AND PT AND LBW CHILEAN NEWBORNS. METHODS: THIS WAS AN ANALYTICAL CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF A NATIONAL SAMPLE OF 903,847 NEWBORNS AND THEIR MOTHERS. THE NEWBORN GESTATIONAL AGE, BIRTH WEIGHT, MATERNAL AGE, MARITAL STATUS, EDUCATION, EMPLOYMENT SITUATION, AND RESIDENCE WERE ANALYZED. A MULTIVARIATE LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL WAS APPLIED (? = 0.05) (STATA V.15). THE PREVALENCE WAS 6.8% AND 5.0% FOR PT AND LBW, RESPECTIVELY. THE PROBABILITY OF THE NEWBORNS BEING PT AND LBW WAS 1.18 AND 1.22 TIMES IF THEIR MOTHERS HAD

HEALTHY SLEEP IS CRUCIAL FOR CHILDREN'S DEVELOPMENT. THE LITERATURE SUGGESTS THAT HIGHER PARENTAL EDUCATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH LONGER CHILD SLEEP DURATION. HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT HOW FAMILY EDUCATION LEVEL AFFECTS CHILDREN'S SLEEP PATTERNS IN CHILE. WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTAL EDUCATION LEVEL AND SLEEP PATTERNS AND SLEEP DURATION DURING THE WEEK AND ON WEEKENDS.

OBJECTIVE: TO SYSTEMATICALLY EVALUATE THE LITERATURE ON THE USE AND EFFEC- TIVENESS OF NUDGES BASED ON BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS (BE). METHODS: PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE, LILACS, AND SCIELO WERE SEARCHED; STUDIES PUBLISHED IN ENGLISH, PORTUGUESE, AND SPANISH BETWEEN 2017-2021 THAT EXAMINED ASPECTS OF BE; QUALITY WAS ASSESSED USING THE EFFECTIVE PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE PROJECT. RESULTS: 81 STUDIES WERE EXAMINED, 17 MEETING THE CRITERIA. MOST WERE CONDUCTED IN THE UNITED STATES AND PUBLISHED BETWEEN 2019-2021, WITH STRONG (N = 12) AND MODERATE (N = 5) QUALITY, WITH A DIVERSITY OF INTERVENTIONS PRACTICED AND DIFFERENCES IN IMPLEMENTATION METHODS. THE SELECTED STUDIES DEMONSTRATED THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRATEGIES BASED ON BE IN THE STUDY SUBJECTS' HEALTH. CONCLUSIONS: IN DECISION-MAKING, BEHAVIOR IS A COMPLEX PROCESS REQUIRING CONSTANT ANALYSIS FROM THE BE, AND BE IS A PROMISING APPROACH TO SUPPORT MORE EFFECTIVE PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS.

THERE ARE DATA THAT INDICATE THAT OBESITY IS HIGHER AMONG HOUSEWIVES. A CENTRAL PART OF THE CONTROL OF THE EPIDEMIC IS THE DEFINITION OF NORMALITY AND WHAT SOCIETY PERCEIVES AS NORMAL OR ABNORMAL. IT IS CLEAR THAT THE APPROPRIATE BODY IMAGE RECEIVES CULTURAL INFLUENCES, VERBAL OR NOT, AND IT IS POSSIBLE THAT PEOPLE DO NOT PERCEIVE THE PROBLEM PROPERLY AND THEREFORE DO NOT THINK OF PREVENTIVE / CORRECTIVE MEASURES. OBJECTIVES: COMPARE BIOCHEMICAL AND ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS WITH THE SELF-PERCEPTION REFERRED BY THE PARTICIPATING HOUSEWIVES. METHODS: 81 HOUSEWIVES PARTICIPATED BETWEEN 30 AND 60 YEARS OF AGE. THE ANTHROPOMETRIC EVALUATION AND THE MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE, GLUCOSE, CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDES WERE PERFORMED, IN ADDITION THE PEOPLE DECLARED THEIR PERCEPTION OF THEIR BODY WEIGHT AND THE BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS MENTIONED ABOVE. RESULTS: IT WAS OBTAINED THAT THE AVERAGE BMI WAS 29.48 ± 5.16 KG / M2 AND AVERAGE WAIST 89.84 ± 11.66 CM. REGARDING BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS, THE AVERAGE GLUCOSE WAS 107.78 + 38.04 MG / DL, CHOLESTEROL 186.91 + 38.61 MG / DL AND TRIGLYCERIDES 192.54 + 75.49 MG / DL. ACCORDING TO BMI AND BODY PERCEPTION, ONLY 13.1% WERE CORRECTLY PERCEIVED WITH AN IDEAL WEIGHT, 21.7% OVERWEIGHT AND 3.5% WITH OBESITY, UNDERVALUATION OF WEIGHT IN OBESE PEOPLE WAS FREQUENT. ACCORDING TO WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE, 55.5% HAVE A SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASED CARDIOVASCULAR RISK. WOMEN UNDER 40 TEND TO PERCEIVE BETTER WHEN THEY ARE OVERWEIGHT. MANY PARTICIPANTS HAD HIGH BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS AND HIGH TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS, BUT THEIR PERCEPTION WAS UNDERESTIMATED. CHOLESTEROL LEVELS AND BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT WERE CORRECTLY PERCEIVED. CONCLUSIONS: PERSONAL PERCEPTION IS A DETERMINING FACTOR IN LIFESTYLE AND HAS AN IMPACT ON THE ACCEPTANCE OF HEALTH PROBLEMS SUCH AS OBESITY AND OVERWEIGHT, SINCE PEOPLE WHO PERCEIVE THEMSELVES WRONGLY PRESENT A GREATER RISK TO THEIR HEALTH.

BLUEBERRIES ARE A POPULAR FRUIT WITH AN ATTRACTIVE FLAVOR AND COLOR, AS WELL AS HEALTH BENEFITS. THESE HEALTH BENEFITS HAVE BEEN ATTRIBUTED TO THE IMPORTANT NUMBER OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN BLUEBERRIES WITH ACTIVITIES SUCH AS ANTIOXIDANT, ANTITUMOR, ANTIMUTAGENIC, AND ANTIDIABETIC EFFECTS AND THE PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. DESPITE THESE ADVANTAGES, BLUEBERRIES ARE ONLY OBTAINED FRESH IN CERTAIN SEASONS; THEREFORE, THE FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRY TRANSFORMS THEM INTO JELLY, PUREE, OR JUICE. HOWEVER, THE CONCENTRATION PROCESS COULD HELP PRESERVE THE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF BLUEBERRY BYPRODUCTS. CONCENTRATION TECHNOLOGIES FOCUS ON THE REMOVAL OF EXCESS WATER TO INCREASE THE PRODUCT STABILITY AND REDUCE STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION COSTS BY CAUSING THEM TO TAKE UP LESS SPACE OR AS A PRETREATMENT BEFORE DEHYDRATION. THESE TECHNOLOGIES INCLUDE EVAPORATION, REVERSE OSMOSIS, AND FREEZE CONCENTRATION, AND EACH ONE HAS DIFFERENT EFFECTS ON THE EFFICIENCY, QUALITY, AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF THE FINAL CONCENTRATES. HOWEVER, FREEZE CONCENTRATION AND REVERSE OSMOSIS PRODUCE A HIGHER-FINAL QUALITY CONCENTRATE THAN EVAPORATION DUE TO THE USE OF LOW TEMPERATURES, WHICH PREVENTS THE LOSS OF THERMOLABILE COMPONENTS SUCH AS BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS. THEREFORE, THIS REVIEW SUMMARIZES THE IMPACT OF CONCENTRATION TECHNOLOGIES ON THE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND HEALTH BENEFITS OF BLUEBERRY JUICE.