Artículos científicos

EVALUATE THE PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE HEALTH PROMOTER LIFESTYLE SCALE (EVPS) APPLIED TO STUDENTS FROM TWO CHILEAN UNIVERSITIES. 62.5% ARE WOMEN. 63.5% BELONGED TO A UNIVERSITY IN THE BÍO-BÍO REGION OF CHILE. FOUR ITEMS SHOWED STANDARDIZED FACTOR LOADS BELOW 0.3, AND ONE WAS NOT SIGNIFICANT. CONSTRUCT VALIDITY WAS HIGH. DISCRIMINANT VALIDITY WAS HIGH, WITH A LOW AND SIGNIFICANT SCORE BETWEEN THE EVPS SCALE AND THE OVERALL SELF-EFFICACY SCALE (R = 0.304, P < 0.01). THE RELIABILITY ANALYSIS REVEALED ACCEPTABLE VALUES OF INTERNAL CONSISTENCY IN BOTH MODELS (? = 0.92). THE ORIGINAL SIX-DIMENSIONAL MODEL SHOWED A GOOD FIT TO THE DATA. AFTER ELIMINATING ITEMS WITH LOW FACTOR LOADS, THE ADJUSTED MODEL OBTAINED SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENTS IN ALL CONSIDERED CRITERIA, EXPLAINING 46.33% OF THE VARIANCE.

THIS PAPER CONSIDERS THE PROBLEM OF CONSISTENT ROUTING WITH MINIMUM SERVICE (CONVRPMS). CONVRPMS AIMS TO DETERMINE THE MINIMUM COST ROUTES FOR EACH DAY OF A PLANNING HORIZON. IN PARTICULAR, THE GOAL IS TO SATISFY ALL INDIVIDUAL DEMANDS AND SERVE EVERY CUSTOMER VIA A SINGLE DRIVER, WITH TIMES THAT DO NOT DIFFER BY MORE THAN ? TIME UNITS. THERE IS A FLEET OF HOMOGENEOUS VEHICLES THAT START FROM A SINGLE DEPOT. IN THIS PAPER, A HEURISTIC ALGORITHM FOR CONVRPMS IS PROPOSED. THE ALGORITHM IS BASED ON CLASSICAL CONSTRUCTIVE HEURISTICS AND THE TABU SEARCH METAHEURISTIC. THE PROPOSED ALGORITHM HAS BEEN TESTED ON BENCHMARK INSTANCES FROM THE LITERATURE. THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS SHOW THAT THE PROPOSED APPROACH PRODUCES HIGH-QUALITY SOLUTIONS WITHIN COMPUTING TIMES CONSIDERABLY LESS THAN THOSE OBSERVED WITH CPLEX. THE PROPOSED ALGORITHM CAN OPTIMALLY SOLVE INSTANCES WITH 20 CUSTOMERS AND A PLANNING HORIZON OF THREE DAYS, PRODUCING MORE ECONOMICAL SOLUTIONS IN SOME OF THE LARGER INSTANCES AND THOSE REQUIRING HOURLY CONSISTENCY (?=1 H).

EN LA ACTUALIDAD, EL USO DE DISPOSITIVOS MÓVILES COMO SMARTPHONES EN LA ESFERA FAMILIAR HA AUMENTADO ACELERADAMENTE, EVIDENCIANDO LA NECESIDAD DE INVESTIGAR LAS DINÁMICAS EN LAS QUE PARTICIPAN NIÑOS Y NIÑAS, Y SUS MADRES AL UTILIZAR ESTOS APARATOS EN LA CRIANZA. EL OBJETIVO DE ESTA INVESTIGACIÓN FUE EXPLORAR LAS CREENCIAS Y PRÁCTICAS DE LAS MADRES RESPECTO AL USO DE DISPOSITIVOS MÓVILES EN LA CRIANZA DE NIÑOS Y NIÑAS MENORES DE 5 AÑOS. PARA ELLO SE REALIZARON ENTREVISTAS SEMIESTRUCTURADAS Y CON ASPECTOS NARRATIVOS A MUJERES CHILENAS DE ENTRE 22 Y 37 AÑOS. LOS RESULTADOS INDICAN QUE ELLAS CONSIDERAN EL CELULAR COMO UN DISPOSITIVO QUE LES AYUDA A EDUCAR Y A OBTENER TIEMPO LIBRE, PERO LES PREOCUPA QUE LOS ENCAMINE A CONDUCTAS DE ADICCIÓN, ADEMÁS DE LO VULNERABLES QUE PUEDEN SER SUS HIJOS E HIJAS AL CIBERACOSO Y GROOMING, POR LO QUE LA REGULACIÓN DEL USO SE BASA EN ESTAS PREOCUPACIONES. INDICAN QUE EL USO ES INEVITABLE DADO EL AVANCE TECNOLÓGICO Y RESULTA IMPRESCINDIBLE EN ESTA ÉPOCA, LO CUAL INVITA A DESARROLLAR INTERVENCIONES ENFOCADAS EN EDUCAR SOBRE LA REGULACIÓN Y REDISTRIBUIR LOS ROLES DE CRIANZA PATRIARCALES QUE ENVUELVEN ESTOS CONTEXTOS

THIS ARTICLE SUMMARIZES A RESEARCH STUDY ABOUT SIX SECONDARY SCHOOLS FROM TWO DIFFERENT COUNTIES IN CHILE, WHICH ARE CHARACTERIZED BY A SOCIO-ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED STUDENT INTAKE. THE MAIN AIM OF THE STUDY WAS TO GAIN GREATER UNDERSTANDING OF THE PARTICULAR FEATURES THAT CHARACTERIZE THESE SCHOOLS AND THE INFLUENCE OF THESE CHARACTERISTICS ON THE STUDENTS? OUTCOMES. THE SAMPLE OF SCHOOLS WAS SELECTED AFTER THE ANALYSIS OF THE STUDENTS ? ATTAINMENT RESULTS IN A NATIONAL STANDARDIZED EXAMINATION OVER A PERIOD OF THREE YEARS. FOUR OF THESE SCHOOLS WERE CONSIDERED TO BE MORE EFFECTIVE OR ?ATYPICAL? IN TERMS OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT. THE OTHER TWO WERE CONSIDERED TO HAVE AVERAGE RESULTS OR ?TYPICAL.? ALL THE SCHOOLS WERE ANALYZED USING CASE STUDIES AND A MIXED-METHODS RESEARCH APPROACH. THE MAIN FOCUS OF THE ANALYSIS WAS TO EXPLORE THE SCHOOL PROCESSES THAT SUPPORT EFFECTIVENESS AND TO GENERATE SOME ILLUMINATING FINDINGS, IN ORDER TO CONTRIBUTE TO EDUCATIONAL POLICY AND PRACTICE.

OLDER ADULTS IN THE THIRD-AGE GROUP (60-79 YEARS) MAINTAIN READING COMPREHENSION SKILLS SIMILAR TO THOSE OF YOUNGER ADULTS, BUT LITTLE IS KNOW ABOUT INDIVIDUALS IN THE FOURTH AGE (80+ YEARS). THIS STUDY INVESTIGATES DIFFERENCES IN READING COMPREHENSION IN A BETWEEN-GROUP DESIGN. WE EVALUATED A SAMPLE OF 150 OLDER ADULTS, COMPRISING 86 THIRD-AGE AND 64 FOURTH-AGE PARTICIPANTS. WE EXAMINED THE INFLUENCE OF SEX, COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING, FORMAL EDUCATION, SEL-PERCEIVED READING DIFFICULTIES, AND READING HABITS ON THEIR TEXT COMPREHENSION ABILITIES. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT FOURTH-AGE ADULTS HAVE A SIGNIFICANT DECLINE IN READING COMPREHENSION COMPARED TO THIRD-AGE ADULTS. STRONG READING HABITS WERE POSITIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH BETTER COMPREHENSION ACROSS BOTH GROUPS, SUGGESTING THAT REGULAR READING MAY BUFFER AGAINST AGE-RELATED COGNITIVE DECLINE. POOR READERS READ LESS FREQUENTLY AND PERCEIVED GREATER DIFFICULTY WITH THE TASKS. COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING AND EDUCATION DID NOT SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCE COMPREHENSION?POSSIBLY DUE TO THE GENERALLY LOW EDUCATION LEVELS IN THE SAMPLE. HOWEVER, STRONG READING HABITS APPEARED TO COMPENSATE FOR THESE LIMITATIONS. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST A POTENTIAL PROTECTIVE ROLE OF LIFELONG READING HABITS AND HIGHLIGHT THE NEED FOR INTERVENTIONS TO SUPPORT READING SKILLS IN OLDER ADULTS, ESPECIALLY THOSE WITH LOWER EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDS. FUTURE RESEARCH SHOULD EXPLORE THESE DYNAMICS FURTHER TO ENHANCE COGNITIVE RESILIENCE IN THE OLDEST POPULATIONS.