Artículos científicos

""BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES"": THE TIP OF THE TONGUE (TOT) AND FEELING OF KNOWING (FOK) PHENOMENA WERE COGNITIVE EXPERIENCES THAT NOTABLY AFFECTED WORD RETRIEVAL, PARTICULARLY AMONG OLDER ADULTS. THE STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE INFLUENCES OF AGE OF ACQUISITION (AOA), VOCABULARY SIZE, AND VERBAL FLUENCY ON THE FREQUENCY AND NATURE OF TOT AND FOK OCCURRENCES AS INDIVIDUALS AGED. METHODS: A BEHAVIORAL EXPERIMENT WAS CONDUCTED BASED ON THE TWO-STEP WORD RETRIEVAL FRAMEWORK ESTABLISHED BY GOLLAN AND BROWN IN 2006. EARLY AND LATE ACQUISITION WORDS WERE UTILIZED TO INDUCE TIP-OF-THE-TONGUE PHENOMENA AND THE FEELING OF KNOWING. ADDITIONALLY, VOCABULARY AND VERBAL FLUENCY TESTS WERE ADMINISTERED. SIXTY MONOLINGUAL OLDER ADULTS PARTICIPATED IN THE STUDY (35 FEMALE, 25 MALE; MEAN AGE: 77.66 YEARS). MIXED-EFFECTS LINEAR REGRESSIONS HAD BEEN USED TO ANALYZE THE DATA. RESULTS: THE LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED AGE OF ACQUISITION AS THE MOST SIGNIFICANT PREDICTOR OF TOT AND FOK EXPERIENCES (P < 0.0001), HIGHLIGHTING THAT EARLIER VOCABULARY ACQUISITION ENHANCED RETRIEVAL EFFICIENCY. NOTABLE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN VOCABULARY SIZE AND VERBAL FLUENCY ILLUSTRATED THAT INCREASED LEXICAL KNOWLEDGE DIMINISHED RELIANCE ON AGE OF ACQUISITION FOR SUCCESSFUL RETRIEVAL. CONCLUSIONS: THE FINDINGS UNDERSCORE THE IMPORTANCE OF EARLY VOCABULARY ACQUISITION AS A PROTECTIVE FACTOR AGAINST COGNITIVE DECLINE IN OLDER ADULTS, EMPHASIZING THE NECESSITY FOR INTERVENTIONS AIMED AT ENHANCING VOCABULARY AND FLUENCY. THIS STUDY CONTRIBUTED VALUABLE INSIGHTS INTO THE COGNITIVE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING LANGUAGE RETRIEVAL AND SUGGESTED THAT FOSTERING RICH LINGUISTIC ENVIRONMENTS THROUGHOUT LIFE COULD FACILITATE BETTER COGNITIVE HEALTH IN AGING POPULATIONS.

THIS STUDY EXPLORES A GLOBAL?LOCAL NON-INTRUSIVE COMPUTATIONAL STRATEGY TO ADDRESS PROBLEMS IN COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS, SPECIFICALLY APPLIED TO A DOUBLE CANTILEVER BEAM (DCB) WITH COHESIVE INTERFACES. THE METHOD AIMS TO REDUCE COMPUTATIONAL REQUIREMENTS WHILE MAINTAINING ACCURACY. THE DCB, REPRESENTING TWO PLATES CONNECTED BY A COHESIVE ZONE SIMULATING DELAMINATION, WAS MODELED WITH A 3D REPRESENTATION USING THE COHESIVE ZONE METHOD FOR CRACK PROPAGATION. DIFFERENT MESH CONFIGURATIONS WERE TESTED TO EVALUATE THE STRATEGY?S EFFECTIVENESS. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT THE GLOBAL?LOCAL STRATEGY SUCCESSFULLY PROVIDED SOLUTIONS THAT WERE COMPARABLE TO MONOLITHIC MODELS. MESH SIZE HAD A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON THE RESULTS, BUT EVEN WITH A SIMPLIFIED LOCAL MODEL THAT DID NOT FULLY REPRESENT THE PLATE THICKNESS, THE STRUCTURAL DEFORMATION AND CRACK DISPLACEMENT WERE ACCURATELY CAPTURED. THE INTERFACE NEAR THE STUDY AREA INFLUENCED THE STRESS DISTRIBUTION. ALTHOUGH EFFECTIVE, THE STRATEGY REQUIRES CAREFUL MESH SELECTION DUE TO ITS SENSITIVITY TO MESH SIZE. FUTURE RESEARCH COULD OPTIMIZE MESH CONFIGURATIONS, EXPAND THE STRATEGY TO OTHER STRUCTURES, AND EXPLORE THE USE OF ORTHOTROPIC MATERIALS. THIS RESEARCH INTRODUCES A COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH THAT REDUCES COSTS WHILE SIMULATING DELAMINATION AND CRACK PROPAGATION, HIGHLIGHTING THE IMPORTANCE OF MESH CONFIGURATION FOR REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS.

RELIABLY DETECTING COVID-19 IS CRITICAL FOR DIAGNOSIS AND DISEASE CONTROL. HOWEVER, IMBALANCED DATA IN MEDICAL DATASETS POSE SIGNIFICANT CHALLENGES FOR MACHINE LEARNING MODELS, LEADING TO BIAS AND POOR GENERALIZATION. THE DATASET OBTAINED FROM THE EPIVIGILA SYSTEM AND THE CHILEAN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE PROCESS CONTAINS INFORMATION ON OVER 6,000,000 PATIENTS, BUT, LIKE MANY CURRENT DATASETS, IT SUFFERS FROM CLASS IMBALANCE. TO ADDRESS THIS ISSUE, WE APPLIED VARIOUS MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS, BOTH WITH AND WITHOUT SAMPLING METHODS, AND COMPARED THEM USING DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSTIC METRICS SUCH AS PRECISION, SENSITIVITY, SPECIFICITY, LIKELIHOOD RATIO POSITIVE, AND DIAGNOSTIC ODDS RATIO. OUR RESULTS SHOWED THAT APPLYING SAMPLING METHODS TO THIS DATASET IMPROVED THE METRIC VALUES AND CONTRIBUTED TO MODELS WITH BETTER GENERALIZATION. EFFECTIVELY MANAGING IMBALANCED DATA IS CRUCIAL FOR RELIABLE COVID-19 DIAGNOSIS. THIS STUDY ENHANCES THE UNDERSTANDING OF HOW MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES CAN IMPROVE DIAGNOSTIC RELIABILITY AND CONTRIBUTE TO BETTER PATIENT OUTCOMES.

VIDEO GAMES HAVE BECOME ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR FORMS OF ENTERTAINMENT AROUND THE WORLD. CURRENTLY, AGENTS (BOTS OR NON-PLAYER CHARACTERS) ARE PREDOMINANTLY PROGRAMMED USING PROCEDURAL AND DETERMINISTIC IMPERATIVE TECHNIQUES, WHICH POSE SIGNIFICANT DRAWBACKS IN TERMS OF COST AND TIME EFFICIENCY. AN INTERESTING AND ALTERNATIVE LINE OF WORK IS TO DEVELOP DECLARATIVE SCRIPTING LANGUAGES WHICH ALIGN THE PROGRAMMING TASK CLOSER TO HUMAN LOGIC. THIS ALLOWS PROGRAMMERS TO INTUITIVELY IMPLEMENT AGENTS BEHAVIORS USING STRAIGHTFORWARD RULES. IN THIS REGARD, MOST OF THESE LANGUAGES ARE INTERPRETED, WHICH MAY IMPACT PERFORMANCE. HENCE, THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEW DECLARATIVE AND COMPILED SCRIPTING LANGUAGE CALLED OBELYSK FOR CONTROLLING AGENTS. TO TEST AND EVALUATE THE LANGUAGE, A VIDEO GAME WAS CREATED USING THE GODOT GAME ENGINE, WHICH ALLOWED US TO DEMONSTRATE THE CORRECT FUNCTIONALITY OF OUR SCRIPTING LANGUAGE TO PROGRAM THE AIS PARTICIPATING IN THE VIDEO GAME. FINALLY, AN ANALYTICS PLATFORM WAS ALSO DEVELOPED TO EVALUATE THE CORRECT BEHAVIOR OF THE PROGRAMMED AGENTS.

THIS RESEARCH FOCUSES ON APPLYING GAME THEORY TO TEACH THE PERT SCHEDULING METHOD TO CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDENTS. THE WORK WAS CARRIED OUT WITH STUDENTS FROM THE CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND SCHEDULING COURSE, WHO WERE GIVEN FACE-TO-FACE CLASSES ON GAME THEORY APPLIED TO TEACHING THE PERT METHOD. THIS PROPOSAL CONSIDERS THAT GAMIFICATION PLAYS A ROLE IN USER ENGAGEMENT, WHILE GAME THEORY CONTRIBUTES TO DATA ANALYSIS AND DECISION STRATEGIES. IT BEGAN WITH AN INITIAL PRE-TEST EVALUATION CONSISTING OF QUESTIONS CLASSIFIED BY ITEMS AND EVALUATION CRITERIA TO TEACH THE PERT METHOD USING GAME THEORY, FOLLOWED BY A POST-TEST AND A QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION THAT ALLOWED TO KNOW THE PERCEPTION AND INTERESTS OF THE STUDENTS. USING GAME THEORY PRINCIPLES IN TEACHING THE PERT METHOD DEMONSTRATED IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDENTS. IN ADDITION, THE RESULTS PRESENTED STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN FAVOR OF USING GAME THEORY, WHICH WOULD ALLOW IT TO BE PROPOSED AS A VIABLE OPTION FOR TEACHING PERT AND OTHER SCHEDULING METHODS.