Artículos científicos

TOFU FROM SIX DIFFERENT LANDRACES OF CHILEAN COMMON BEANS (ARAUCANO, CIMARR & OACUTE;N, MAGNUM, PEUMO, SAPITO, AND TORTOLA) WAS PREPARED AND ANALYZED FOR PROXIMATE AND LIPID COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY, AND PHENOLIC CONTENT. TOFU HAS HIGHER PROTEIN AND LIPID CONTENT, LOWER CARBOHYDRATE AND PHENOLIC CONTENT, AND SHOWS ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY. THE HIGHEST TOTAL PROTEIN WAS FOUND FOR TOFU PREPARED FROM CIMARR & OACUTE;N AND SAPITO BEANS. THE MAIN PHENOLICS IN THE SECONDARY METABOLITE-ENRICHED EXTRACT OF THE TOFU WERE KAEMPFEROL 3-O-GLUCOSIDE AND KAEMPFEROL. NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR) ANALYSES SHOWED THAT MOST LIPIDS FROM THE BEANS AND TOFU WERE UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS TRIGLYCERIDES.

THE WOOD MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY INCREASINGLY REQUIRES AUTOMATED AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS FOR DEFECT DETECTION TO ENSURE CONSISTENT AND RELIABLE QUALITY CONTROL. TRADITIONALLY, THIS PROCESS HAS RELIED ON VISUAL INSPECTION BY HUMAN OPERATORS, WHICH INTRODUCES VARIABILITY AND LIMITS PERFORMANCE. THIS STUDY ADDRESSES THIS CHALLENGE BY EVALUATING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR AUTOMATIC DEFECT CLASSIFICATION IN MELAMINE-FACED BOARDS. MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES IN THE VISIBLE (VIS) AND NEAR-INFRARED (NIR) BANDS WERE CAPTURED UNDER REAL PRODUCTION CONDITIONS USING AN INDUSTRIAL IMAGING SYSTEM. THE RESIDUAL NETWORK 18 AND VISUAL GEOMETRY GROUP 16 MODELS WERE TESTED ON THE DATASET AND ACHIEVED ACCURACY LEVELS COMPARABLE TO THOSE OF EXPERT HUMAN INSPECTORS. THE PROPOSED METHOD CONSISTENTLY REACHED OVER 92% ACCURACY ACROSS ALL CLASSIFICATION TASKS, INDICATING ITS PRACTICAL POTENTIAL FOR INDUSTRIAL QUALITY CONTROL APPLICATIONS.

IN ORDER TO PROMOTE THE USE OF WOOD IN CONSTRUCTION, THIS STUDY AIMS TO IMPROVE THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PLYWOOD AND LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER (LVL) MADE FROM RADIATA PINE, A SPECIES THAT EXHIBITS LOW PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE AND DURABILITY. THIS IMPROVEMENT IS PURSUED THROUGH THE REINFORCEMENT OF THESE PRODUCTS WITH ENGINEERED FIBERS AND ADHESIVES. THEREFORE, THE BEHAVIOR OF BASALT FIBER COMBINED WITH EPOXY AND POLYVINYL ACETATE ADHESIVES IS ANALYZED AT A LABORATORY SCALE, AND COMPARED TO CARBON FIBER, WHICH IS MORE COMMONLY USED FOR THIS PURPOSE BUT HAS DISADVANTAGES SUCH AS ITS HIGH COST. THE FOLLOWING TESTS WERE CONDUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE METHODOLOGIES DESCRIBED IN THE RESPECTIVE STANDARDS: SURFACE ROUGHNESS, SWELLING, STATIC BENDING, AND JANKA HARDNESS. THE RESULTS OBTAINED FROM THE REINFORCED BOARDS WERE COMPARED TO UNREINFORCED STANDARD BOARDS, SHOWING A SWELLING REDUCTION OF UP TO 100% IN LVL PANELS. IN TERMS OF STIFFNESS AND BENDING STRENGTH, THERE WAS A 49% INCREASE IN MOR IN PLYWOOD REINFORCED WITH CARBON FIBER AND EPOXY RESIN, AND A 30% INCREASE IN MOE AND 38% IN MOR IN LVL PANELS REINFORCED WITH CARBON FIBER AND EPOXY RESIN. ADDITIONALLY, A 35% AND 41% INCREASE IN JANKA HARDNESS WAS OBSERVED IN PLYWOOD REINFORCED WITH CARBON FIBER AND POLYVINYL ACETATE, AND IN LVL PANELS REINFORCED WITH CARBON FIBER AND EPOXY RESIN, RESPECTIVELY. THE STUDY LED TO IMPORTANT CONCLUSIONS REGARDING THE USE OF ENGINEERED FIBERS AS REINFORCEMENT. FIRSTLY, IT WAS CONFIRMED THAT REINFORCING THE BOARDS RESULTED IN IMPROVED PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES COMPARED TO UNREINFORCED PANELS. SECONDLY, IN SOME CASES, BASALT FIBER SHOWED EQUAL OR EVEN SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE WHEN COMPARED TO CARBON FIBER; THE RECOMMENDATION WILL DEPEND ON THE INTENDED USE OF THE PANEL.

THIS ARTICLE AIMS TO IDENTIFY THE MOST FREQUENTLY ADDRESSED SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS) IN SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION A DECADE AFTER THEIR LAUNCH, WITH THE PURPOSE OF DETERMINING WHICH GOALS HAVE BEEN PRIORITIZED IN ACADEMIC RESEARCH. TO THIS END, THE WEB OF SCIENCE (CORE COLLECTION) DATABASE WAS USED, IDENTIFYING 12,817 ARTICLES. FROM THIS TOTAL, A SUBSAMPLE OF 4,829 ARTICLES WAS SELECTED, ON WHICH A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS WAS CONDUCTED USING VOSVIEWER SOFTWARE, COVERING THE PERIOD FROM 2015 TO 2024. THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT 96.65% OF THE ARTICLES ARE WRITTEN IN ENGLISH, AND THAT 9.09% ORIGINATE FROM CHINA. MOREOVER, IT WAS FOUND THAT THREE SDGS ACCOUNT FOR 87.9% OF THE 7,988 ARTICLES ANALYZED: QUALITY EDUCATION (44.7%), GENDER EQUALITY (26.10%), AND CLIMATE ACTION (17.1%)-WHICH REPRESENT THE MAIN RESEARCH PRIORITIES. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT, ALTHOUGH THE SDGS ARE INTERRELATED, SOME RECEIVE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE ATTENTION FROM THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY, REVEALING A LACK OF RESEARCH ON OTHER GOALS. THIS HIGHLIGHTS THE NEED TO STRENGTHEN RESEARCH ON LESS-EXPLORED SDGS TO CONTRIBUTE MORE EQUITABLY TO THE CHALLENGES PROPOSED BY THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY.

THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXAMINE THE PERCEPTION OF A GROUP OF CHILEAN STUDENTS REGARDING THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF WRITTEN CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK DELIVERED BY THE TEACHER IN THEIR ACADEMIC WRITINGS IN ENGLISH. THE TYPE OF STUDY USED CORRESPONDED TO A DESCRIPTIVE CORRELATIONAL METHOD. THE SAMPLE CONSISTED OF 31 THIRD-YEAR STUDENTS FROM A CHILEAN PUBLIC UNIVERSITY AND THE ANALYZED CORPUS COMPRISED 15 ABSTRACTS WRITTEN IN ENGLISH. THE RESULTS INDICATED THAT THE STUDENTS SHOWED A POSITIVE PERCEPTION TOWARDS DIRECT WRITTEN CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK. IN ADDITION, A FAVORABLE REACTION IS OBSERVED BY THE STUDENTS FOR THE WRITTEN CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE RESULTS ALSO SHOWED THAT THERE IS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERFORMANCE AND SOME TYPES OF FEEDBACK.